基于三维数字图像相关技术的防弹衣性能测试与评估

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为分析在非贯穿侵彻情况下防弹衣瞬态力学响应及人体胸部钝性损伤程度，对5.8 mm通用弹侵彻美国司法协会Ⅲ级碳化硅/超高分子量聚乙烯防弹衣进行试验研究。采用三维数字图像相关技术开展试验，获得防弹衣背面鼓包高度和变形速度等数据，并结合钝性准则和简明损伤定级标准（AIS）对防弹衣距胸部间隙分别为5 mm和10 mm时进行钝性损伤程度评估。结果显示：在侵彻过程中最大鼓包高度的平均值为22.7 mm，鼓包稳定后高度的平均值为16.3 mm，最大变形速度的平均值为117.7 m/s；当防弹衣距胸部间隙为5 mm时对应的AIS等级为4～5，表明防弹衣后钝击效应仍可对人体造成严重损伤；当间隙扩大到10 mm时AIS等级小于3，表明防弹衣后钝击效应对人体造成轻微损伤甚至不会对人体产生影响。

关键词: 防弹衣, 枪弹, 三维数字图像相关技术, 钝性损伤

Abstract: 5.8 mm bullet penetration NIJ Ⅲ grade SiC/UHMWPE body armor was test to analyze the transient mechanical response of body armor and the degree of blunt injury of human chest under non-penetrating ballistic impact. 3D digital image correlation technology (3D-DIC) was used to capture the back face deformation (BFD) of body armor, and the deformation height and speed were obtained. The blunt criterion (BC) and abbreviated injury scale (AIS) were used to evaluate the degree of blunt injury when the distance between body armor and chest was 5 mm and 10 mm, respectively. The test results show that the average maximum height of BFD is 22.7 mm, its average maximum static height is 16.3 mm, and its average maximum deformation velocity is 117.7 m/s. When the gap between body armor and chest is 5 mm, the corresponding AIS level is 4-5, indicating that the blunt effect behind body armor can cause serious injury to the human body. However, when the gap expands to 10 mm, the AIS level is less than 3, indicating that the blunt effect after body armor causes slight injury to the human body and even has no affect on the human body.

Key words: bodyarmor, bullet, 3Ddigitalimagecorrelationtechnology, bluntinjury

中图分类号:

TJ012.4

温垚珂，郑浩，张俊斌，闫文敏，刘飞. 基于三维数字图像相关技术的防弹衣性能测试与评估[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(6): 1121-1127.

WEN Yaoke， ZHENG Hao， ZHANG Junbin， YAN Wenmin， LIU Fei. Test and Evaluation of Body Armor Performance Based on 3D Digital Image Correlation Technology[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(6): 1121-1127.

参考文献［1］

［1］

苏正林,许民辉,赖西南,等. 枪弹射击致防弹衣后长白猪远达脑组织损伤特点及其机制［J］.第三军医大学学报, 2011, 33(19): 1995-1999.SU Z L，XU M H，LAI X N，et al. Characteristics and mechanism of behind armour blunt trauma in landrace brain［J］. Journal of Third Millitary Medical University, 2011, 33(19): 1995-1999. (in Chinese)［2］马琼,谭保东,刘延华,等.美国NIJ 0101.06防弹衣标准简介［J］.中国个体防护装备, 2017 (2): 24-28.MA Q, TAN B D, LIU Y H, et al. The brief introduction of ballistic resistance of body armor NIJ standard-NIJ0101.06［J］. China Personal Protective Equipment, 2017(2): 24-28. (in Chinese)［3］ WEN Y K, XU C, WANG S, et al. Analysis of behind the armor ballistic trauma［J］. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2015, 45: 11-21.［4］ LUO S M, XU C, CHEN A J, et al. Experimental investigation of the response of gelatine behind the soft body armor［J］. Forensic Science International, 2016, 266: 8-13.［5］ FREITAS C J, BIGGER R P, SCOTT N, et al. Composite materials dynamic back face deflection characteristics during ballistic impact［J］. Journal of Composite Materials, 2014, 48(12): 1475-1486. ［6］刘青青,郭保桥,石晨,等. 基于3D-DIC对爆炸作用下碳纤维层合板的变形研究［J］.高压物理学报, 2019, 33(6): 140-147.LIU Q Q, GUO B Q, SHI C, et al. Deformation of carbon fiber laminates under explosion based on 3D-DIC ［J］. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2019, 33(6): 140-147. (in Chinese)［7］刘青青,郭保桥,刘文斌.碳纤维复合材料层合板在低速冲击下的力学响应［J］.科学技术与工程, 2019, 19(22): 97-102.LIU Q Q, GUO B Q, LIU W B. Mechanical response analysis of carbon fiber composite laminates under low velocity impact［J］. Science Technology and Engineering, 2019, 19(22): 97-102. (in Chinese)［8］ HISLEY D M, GURGANUSG J C, DRYSDALE A W. Experimental methodology using digital image correlation to assess ballistic helmet blunt trauma［J］. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2011, 78(5): 051022.［9］ KOH C H, LOW K H, LI L, et al. Weight threshold estimation of falling UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) based on impact energy［J］. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2018, 93: 228-255.［10］ STURDIVAN L M, VIANO D C, CHAMPION H R. Analysis of injury criteria to assess chest and abdominal injury risks in blunt and ballistic impacts［J］. The Journal of Trauma, 2004, 56(3): 651-663.［11］ CLARE V R, MICKIEWICZ A P, LEWIS J H, et al. Blunt trauma data correlation: EB-TR-75016［R］. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, US: Edgewood Arsenal, 1975.［12］ STALNAKER R L, ULMAN M S. Abdominal trauma: review, response, and criteria［C］∥Proceedings of the 29th Stapp Car Crash Conference. Warrendale, PA,US: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1985:1-16.［13］ YAMAGUCHI I. Simplified laser-speckle strain gauge［J］. Optical Engineering, 1982, 21(3): 436-440．［14］ PETERS W H, RANSON W F. Digital imaging techniques in experimental stress analysis［J］. Optical Engineering, 1982, 21(3): 427-431．［15］舒逢春.基于数字图像相关方法的面内位移测量的研究与应用［D］. 郑州: 郑州大学, 2017.SHU F C. Research and application of in-plane displacement measurement based on digital image correlation method［D］. Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou University, 2017. (in Chinese)［16］ AUTHORITY C A S. Human injury model for small unmanned aircraft impacts［D］. Melbourne, Australia:Monash University, 2013.［17］解文娜.基于中国人体尺寸特征的汽车碰撞试验假人测试性能分析［D］. 长沙: 湖南大学, 2018.XIE W N. Performance analysis of vehicle impact test dummy based on chinese anthropometry data［D］. Changsha: Hunan University, 2018. (in Chinese)［18］ FRANK M, SCHORGE V, HEGENSCHEID K, et al. Sturdivan's formula revisited: MRI assessment of anterior chest wall thick-ness for injury risk prediction of blunt ballistic impact trauma［J］. Forensic Science International, 2011, 212(1/2/3):110-114.［19］王凌青. 不同弹体结构步枪弹致防弹衣后钝性伤特点及其生物力学机制［D］. 重庆: 第三军医大学, 2013.WANG L Q. The behind armor blunt trauma and biomechanical characteristics after different rifle bullets impacting the swine's armor vest［D］. Chongqing: Third Military Medical University, 2013. (in Chinese)［20］王鹏. 碳化硅陶瓷抗弹性能研究［D］. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2012.WANG P. Research of capacity for penetrating resistance of SiC ceramic［D］. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2012. (in Chinese)［21］ BIR C, VIANO D C. Design and injury assessment criteria for blunt ballistic impacts［J］. The Journal of Trauma, 2004, 57(6): 1218-1224.

[1]	王积锐, 刘聪和, 樊俊铃, 焦婷, 巩建坡, 韩啸. M855A1步枪弹侵彻钢靶板数值仿真[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(9): 2339-2349.
[2]	魏伟, 张竞文, 常思江, 王浩圣, 王建中. 基于Sobol和EFAST法的枪弹转动角速度全局灵敏度仿真分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(9): 2408-2416.
[3]	范鑫, 黄星源, 常利军, 王天昊, 赵永飞, 蔡志华. 枪弹冲击下头-颈动力学响应及颈部被动肌影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(9): 2200-2209.
[4]	李子轩, 温垚珂, 董方栋, 夏海龙, 彭磊, 郑浩. 基于人体解剖结构的单兵防护后损伤评估[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(9): 2190-2199.
[5]	沈周宇, 温垚珂, 闫文敏, 董方栋, 张俊斌, 李颖. 手枪弹撞击戴防弹头盔人体头颈部靶标的钝击效应[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(9): 2101-2112.
[6]	郑秋杰, 郭迎福, 蔡志华, 张磊. 步枪弹高速冲击下防弹头盔功能梯度泡沫内衬的防护性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(6): 1275-1282.
[7]	李潭，王璋，李照昌. 7.62mm手枪弹高速冲击下超高强钢塑性强化机理[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(11): 2313-2319.
[8]	周磊，李忠新，杨海波，蔡红明. 一种新型灵巧枪弹的气动特性研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(4): 744-752.
[9]	陈川琳，黄陈磊，许辉，李忠新，吴志林. 小口径步枪弹头后效期运动特性试验与数值研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(2): 265-275.
[10]	闫文敏，王光华，金永喜，王舒，许啸，田野. 枪弹穿甲后效破片对典型防弹衣侵彻毁伤特性试验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(11): 2378-2384.
[11]	韩瑞国，金永喜，卢海涛，王舒，王建中. 步枪弹对带软硬复合防护明胶靶标的侵彻机制研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(10): 1995-2004.
[12]	孙非，曲一，徐诚. 超高分子量聚乙烯材料软质防弹衣抗弹性能老化衰减规律研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(11): 2249-2255.
[13]	刘坤，吴志林，宁建国，任会兰，李忠新. 手枪弹对带软防护的明胶靶标侵彻机理与实验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(1): 1-17.
[14]	罗少敏, 徐诚, 陈爱军, 张晓云, 刘苏苏. 步枪弹侵彻带软硬复合防护明胶靶标的数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2014, 35(8): 1172-1178.
[15]	金永喜, 陈波, 张敬敏, 王舒, 崔海林, 谭仲于. 低侵彻步枪弹翻滚破碎机理研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2013, 34(10): 1221-1226.