电磁能与炸药联合加载药型罩基础理论

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0120

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高聚能射流对炸药能量的利用率,结合电磁加载药型罩以及爆磁压缩发生器原理,提出一种电磁能与炸药联合加载药型罩的原理结构。联合加载分为两个阶段:第1阶段,电容器放电,在爆磁压缩发生器中形成初始磁通;第2阶段,炸药1爆轰,压缩磁场,电流增大,同时爆轰波传播至药型罩部分引爆炸药2,电磁力与爆轰压力共同压垮药型罩。结合炸药爆轰理论、传统PER射流成型理论以及电磁加载特性,建立电磁与炸药联合加载下药型罩射流成型的理论模型。利用理论模型计算ϕ56mm聚能装药在联合加载结构下的射流成型,并通过理论计算分析联合加载时序对联合加载射流成型的影响。计算结果表明:电磁与炸药联合加载能够增加成型射流的速度以及动能,提高聚能射流对炸药的利用率,并且优化联合加载时序能够进一步提高射流速度和动能;联合加载下射流动能相对传统聚能装药提升了34.5%,对炸药的能量利用率提高了36%。

关键词: 聚能射流, 电磁能与炸药, 爆磁压缩发生器, 能量利用率, 联合加载时序

Abstract:

To improve the explosive’s energy utilization rate of the shaped charge jet, a principle structure in which electromagnetic energy and explosive are combined to load the liner is proposed considering the principles of the liner loaded by electromagnetic force and magnetic flux compression generator. Combined loading is divided into two stages: in the first stage, the capacitor discharge and the initial magnetic flux is formed in the magnetic flux compression generator; in the second stage, Explosive 1 detonates, which compresses the magnetic field and increases the current, and at the same time, the detonation wave propagates to the liner to detonate Explosive 2. The electromagnetic force and detonation pressure jointly crush the liner. Combined with the explosive detonation theory, traditional PER theory of jet formaton and electromagnetic loading characteristics, a theoretical model of jet formation of a liner under combined electromagnetic and explosive loading is established. Then, the jet formation of ϕ56mm shaped charge under the combined loading structure is calculated by the theoretical model, and the influence of the combined loading sequence on jet forming is analyzed by theoretical calculation. The computational results show that the combined electromagnetic and explosive loading can increase the velocity and kinetic energy of the shaped jet, improve the explosive utilization rate of the jet, and optimize the combined loading sequence, which will further improve the jet velocity and kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of the jet under combined loading is 34.5% higher than that of the traditional shaped charge, and the energy utilization rate of explosive is increased by 36%.

Key words: shaped jet, electromagnetic energy and explosives, energy utilization, magnetic flux compression generator, combined loading sequence

豆剑豪, 贾鑫, 梁争峰, 黄正祥, 薛标. 电磁能与炸药联合加载药型罩基础理论[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(6): 1754-1763.

DOU Jianhao, JIA Xin, LIANG Zhengfeng, HUANG Zhengxiang, XUE Biao. Basic Theory of Loading Liner With Electromagnetic Energy and Explosives[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(6): 1754-1763.

图/表 21

图1 传统聚能装药原理

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of traditional shaped charge

图2 炸药与电磁联合加载原理示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the combined loading principle of explosives and electromagnetic force

图3 有效装药示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of effective charge

图4 FCG作用过程

Fig.4 Process of FCG

图5 计算联合加载下药型罩压垮速度流程图

Fig.5 Flow chart of calculating the collapse velocity of the liner under combined loading

图6 驻点坐标系下的速度关系

Fig.6 Velocity diagram in stationary point coordinate system

图7 ϕ56mm聚能装药结构[21]

Fig.7 ϕ56mm shaped charge structure[21]

图8 联合加载装药结构

Fig.8 Charge structure under combined loading

图9 磁通压缩阶段电流以及FCG电感变化

Fig.9 Current and FCG inductance changes in the magnetic flux compression stage

图10 不同加载方式下压垮速度对比

Fig.10 Comparison of collapse velocities of different loading methods

图11 不同加载方式下射流速度对比

Fig.11 Comparison of jet velocities of different loading methods

图12 微元压垮至轴线时间

Fig.12 Time of elements collapsing to the axis

表1 计算算例

Table 1 Numerical examples

编号	r_c/mm	R₂₀/mΩ	L₂₀/μH	I₀/kA	t_u/μs	I_max/kA
s-1	50	2.2	4.1	66.5	14.3	1737
s-2	45	2.0	3.2	76.1	12.1	1585
s-3	40	1.8	2.2	91.5	9.8	1357

图13 不同算例的电流比较

Fig.13 Current comparison of different examples

图14 不同算例的压垮速度对比

Fig.14 Comparison of collapse velocities of different examples

图15 不同微元的压垮速度对比

Fig.15 Comparison of collapse velocities of different elements

图16 不同算例的射流速度对比

Fig.16 Comparison of jet velocities in different examples

图17 不同微元的射流速度对比

Fig.17 Comparison of jet velocities of different elements

图18 压垮速度对比

Fig.18 Comparison of collapse velocities

图19 射流速度对比

Fig.19 Comparison of jet velocities

表2 射流动能和能量利用率

Table 2 Kinetic energy and energy utilization rate of jet

算例	射流动能/kJ	炸药能量利用率/%
s-0	116	8.4
s-1	139	10.1
s-2	143	10.4
s-3	144	10.5
s-2-1	147	10.7
s-3-1	156	11.4

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