基于FEM-SPH自适应算法孔阵列陶瓷装甲的抗弹性能

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0531

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

孔阵列陶瓷装甲作为一种新型防护装甲,通过孔洞设计有效突破了传统均质陶瓷装甲大范围脆性失效的局限性,且能在子弹与靶板相互作用时引入不对称力促使子弹偏转或断裂,可有效造成侵彻过程中的不稳定,从而降低其侵彻能力。采用有限元-光滑粒子流体动力学法自适应算法,建立7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹侵彻孔阵列碳化硼陶瓷靶板的数值模型,分析了不同弹着点位置、倾角及子弹旋转对孔阵列陶瓷靶板抗弹性能的影响。结果表明,弹着点位置对弹靶相互作用、孔阵列陶瓷靶板的损伤模式和抗弹性能有重要影响;当弹着点位于孔洞边缘时,子弹受非对称作用力出现弹体偏转,从而靶板抗弹性能提升;子弹斜入射冲击下,装甲通过进一步诱导子弹失稳而提升了其抗弹性能,靶板损伤范围增加;孔阵列陶瓷装甲对旋转弹体的抗弹性能优于无旋转弹体。

关键词: 孔阵列装甲, B₄C陶瓷, 侵彻, FEM-SPH自适应算法, 抗弹性能

Abstract:

The perforated array ceramic plate is a new type of protective armor. The projectiles are deflected by the asymmetric forces caused by the holes in the plates, reducing the stability and penetration ability of the projectiles. In this paper, FEM-SPH adaptive algorithm was used to model the penetration of a 7.62mm armor-piercing incendiary projectile into a perforated array boron carbide ceramic target plate. The effects of impact points, angles, and projectile rotation on the ballistic performance of the perforated array ceramic plate were analyzed. It is shown that the impact points have significant influence on the projectile-target interaction, the failure mode and the ballistic performance of the perforated array ceramic plate. The active failure mode of the projectile for the impact point located at the hole edge is deflected due to asymmetric forces, resulting in the enhancement of the ballistic performance of the plate. For the oblique impact, the projectile stability is further reduced by the plate, giving rise to the enhancement of the ballistic performance and expansion of the damage area on the plate. Comparing to non-rotating projectiles, the plate has greater advantages against the rotating projectiles.

Key words: perforated array armor, B₄C ceramic, penetration, FEM-SPH adaptive algorithm, ballistic performance

贺志凡, 陈天明, 卢承发, 杨阳, 梁博, 王志鹏, 陈爱军, 曹剑武, 秦庆华. 基于FEM-SPH自适应算法孔阵列陶瓷装甲的抗弹性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(10): 250531-.

HE Zhifan, CHEN Tianming, LU Chengfa, YANG Yang, LIANG Bo, WANG Zhipeng, CHEN Aijun, CAO Jianwu, QIN Qinghua. Ballistic Performance of Perforated Array Ceramic Armor Using FEM-SPH Adaptive Algorithm[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(10): 250531-.

图/表 13

表1 钢弹芯和黄铜弹壳本构模型参数[23-24]

Table 1 Parameters of constitutive model of steel core and brass jacket

参数	钢弹芯	黄铜弹壳
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	7.85	8.96
E/GPa	208	124
ν	0.3	0.34
G/GPa	80	46
A/MPa	1.976	0.090
B/MPa	2.856	0.292
n	0.2072	0.310
C	0.005	0.025
m	1	1.09
T_m/K	1800	1356
T_r/K	300	300
${\stackrel{·}{\epsilon }}_{0}$/S^-1	0.008	1
C_p/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	450	386
D₁		0.540
D₂	主应力: 3.6/GPa	4.89
D₃		-3.03
D₄	主应变:0.1	0.0014
D₅		1.12
c/(m·s^-1)		3940
S₁		1.49
S₂		0
S₃		0
γ₀		1.99
α		0

表2 陶瓷靶板本构模型参数[26]

Table 2 Parameters of constitutive model of ceramic plate

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	2.51	σ_fmax	0.2
G/GPa	197	HEL/GPa	19
A	0.927	P_hel/GPa	8.71
B	0.7	β	1
C	0.005	D₁	0.001
m	0.85	D₂	0.5
n	0.67	K₁/GPa	233
${\stackrel{·}{\epsilon }}_{0}$/s^-1	1.0	K₂/GPa	-593
T/GPa	0.26	K₃/GPa	2800

图1 弹靶系统几何模型

Fig.1 Geometric model of projectile-target system

图2 1/4靶板有限元模型

Fig.2 Finite element model of 1/4 target plate

图3 五个典型弹着点位置

Fig.3 Five typical impact points

图4 不同弹着点侵彻过程图

Fig.4 Penetration process for different impact points

图5 不同弹着点靶板及弹芯损伤模式

Fig.5 Damage modes of target plate and projectile core at different impact points

图6 弹芯偏转角度

Fig.6 Yaw angle of projectile core

图7 不同弹着点弹芯动能和靶板侵蚀能量时程曲线

Fig.7 Kinetic energy-time curves of projectile core and eroded energy-time curves of target plate at different impact points

图8 不同弹着点靶板与弹芯最大接触力

Fig.8 Contact forces between target plate and projectile core at different impact points

图9 入射角度对靶板抗弹性能的影响

Fig.9 Effect of oblique angle on the ballistic performance of target plates

表3 入射角度对靶板损伤模式的影响

Table 3 Effect of oblique angle on damage modes of target plate

图10 不同弹着点子弹旋转对靶板抗弹性能的影响

Fig.10 Effect of projectile rotation on the ballistic performance of target plates at different impact points

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