关键词: 防雹增雨弹, 弹体材料力学性能, 破片能量耗散, 强度-韧性协同, 爆炸动力学

Abstract: Hail suppression and rain enhancement shells, as critical tools for weather modification, have their operational safety and catalytic efficiency directly affected by the fragmentation characteristics formed after self-destruction. This study investigates the mechanism of shell material mechanical properties on fragment formation through experimental, theoretical, and numerical simulation approaches. The differences in fragment mass distribution, morphological characteristics, and energy dissipation among S20 steel, 9260 steel, D60 steel, and 823 steel were analyzed.The results reveal that the strength-toughness synergy of shell materials plays a decisive role in fracture patterns. High-strength materials (e.g., 9260 steel) generate uniform fine fragments (>60% in 1-5 g range) but exhibit localized energy concentration due to insufficient toughness. Low-strength high-toughness materials (e.g., D60 steel) produce irregular agglomerated fragments (32% exceeding 10 g) through significant plastic deformation. In contrast, 823 steel demonstrates optimal brittle-ductile fracture coordination under explosive loading through its unique mechanical properties (tensile strength 1000-1200 MPa, impact toughness 40-60 J), with 85% of fragments concentrated below 5 g and over 90% being fine fragments. This performance fully complies with national safety standards (Class B, ≤10 g) and significantly reduces ground safety risks. The research provides theoretical guidance for optimizing hail suppression shell materials and holds substantial engineering value for enhancing weather modification safety.

Key words: hail suppression and rain enhancement shells, mechanical properties of shell materials, fragmentation energy dissipation, strength-toughness synergy, explosion dynamics