基于毁伤评估结果的无人机对地攻击任务分配方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0212

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升多无人机协同对地打击任务的作战效能并提高协同任务分配效率,提出一种基于作战单元毁伤概率结果的任务分配方法。构建3种典型地面目标毁伤评估模型,计算不同打击方向下各目标的毁伤概率作为任务分配问题的数据支撑。对各无人机挂载不同武器打击地面目标的典型场景,提出改进混合粒子群优化算法解决任务分配问题。利用遗传算法的交叉、变异操作更新粒子位置,对交叉操作、变异操作进行改进并引入粒子反转操作增加粒子的多样性,避免陷入局部最优。通过仿真算例对所提方法进行验证,结果证明在利用毁伤评估模型计算地面目标的毁伤概率后,所提方法能在满足毁伤要求的前提下得到满足约束条件的任务分配方案,且能提高多无人机体系整体上的作战效能。

关键词: 多无人机, 任务分配, 毁伤评估, 毁伤概率, 混合粒子群优化算法

Abstract:

To improve the combat effectiveness of multi-UAVs cooperative air-to-ground attack task and the efficiency of cooperative task assignment,a task assignment method based on the result of combat unit damage probability is proposed.Three kinds of typical ground target damage eveluation models are established,and the damage probability of each target under different strike directions,as the data support for task assignment,is calculated.In view of the typical scenario of each UAV carrying different weapons to strike ther ground targets,an improved hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the task assignment problem.The crossover and mutation operations of genetic algorithm are used to update particle positions.The crossover operation and mutation operation are improved,and the particle inversion operation is introduced to increase the diversity of particles and avoid falling into local optimum.The proposed method is verified by simulation examples.The simulated results demonstrate that,after using the damage assessment model to calculate the damage probability of ground targets,the proposed method can be used to obtain a task assignment scheme that meets the constraint conditions while meeting the damage requirements,and improve the overall combat effectiveness of the multi-UAV system.

Key words: multiple UAVs, task assignment, damage assessment, damage probability, hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm

中图分类号:

TJ761
V221

侯鹏, 葛玉雪, 裴扬, 岳源, 艾俊强. 基于毁伤评估结果的无人机对地攻击任务分配方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(2): 240212-.

HOU Peng, GE Yuxue, PEI Yang, YUE Yuan, AI Junqiang. UAV Air-to-ground Attack Task Assignment Method Based on Damage Assessment Results[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(2): 240212-.

图/表 24

图1 坦克目标模型

Fig.1 Tank target model

图2 打击姿态

Fig.2 Strike attitude

图3 射流穿透过程示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of jet penetration process

图4 导弹发射架模型

Fig.4 Missile launch vehicle model

图5 步兵战车模型

Fig.5 Infantry fighting vehicle model

图6 步兵战车毁伤树模型(系统级)

Fig.6 Infantry fighting vehicle damage tree model (system level)

图7 作战场景示意图

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of combat scenario

图8 粒子群编码设置

Fig.8 Particle swarm encoding settings

图9 粒子交叉操作

Fig.9 Particle crossover operation

图10 基于混合粒子群优化算法的任务分配流程图

Fig.10 Task assignment process based on hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm

图11 坦克目标脆弱部位确定

Fig.11 Determination of vulnerable parts of tank targets

图12 坦克目标毁伤概率随极限穿深变化

Fig.12 Variation of tank target damage probability with maximum penetration depth

图13 打击方向

Fig.13 Strike direction

图14 各打击方向下坦克目标的毁伤概率

Fig.14 Damage probability of tank in various strike directions

图15 导弹飞散角设置

Fig.15 Missile dispersion angle setting

图16 发射架目标的毁伤概率

Fig.16 Damage probability of missile launcher

图17 步兵战车目标的毁伤概率

Fig.17 Damage probability of infantry fighting vehicle

表1 导弹武器对目标的最优毁伤概率

Table 1 Optimal target damage probability

毁伤概率	坦克	发射架	步兵战车
反坦克导弹	0.692	0	0
导弹1	0	0.983	0.587
导弹2	0	0.942	0.427

表2 无人机配置信息

Table 2 UAV configuration information

类别	数量	无人机编号-挂载武器类型
站点1	4	1-(1,3,3),2-(1,1,3),3-(1,2,3),4-(1,3,2)
站点2	5	5-(3,2,3),6-(2,1,2),7-(3,2,1),8-(3,1,2), 9-(3,2,2)
站点3	4	10-(3,2,3),11-(2,1,2),12-(2,1,2),13-(2,2,3)

表3 目标属性信息

Table 3 Target configuration information

类别	数量	目标编号-位置坐标/km
坦克	2	1-(20,153),2-(198,144)
发射架	2	3-(39,194),4-(156,167)
步兵战车	4	5-(5,134),6-(116,154),7- (41,120), 8-(107,108)

图18 适应度值收敛曲线

Fig.18 Convergence curve of fitness value

表4 最优任务分配方案

Table 4 Optimal task assignment scheme

毁伤概率	任务序列	挂载形式
UAV1	T1-T3-T3	1-3-3
UAV2	T2-T2-~	1-1-3
UAV3		1-2-3
UAV4	~-T7-T3	1-3-2
UAV5		3-2-3
UAV6	T5-T5-T1	2-2-1
UAV7	~-T7-~	3-2-1
UAV8		3-1-2
UAV9	~-T8-T8	3-2-2
UAV10	~-T6-~	3-2-3
UAV11	T4-~-T4	2-1-2
UAV12		2-1-2
UAV13	T6-T4-~	2-2-3

表5 导弹武器对目标的平均毁伤概率

Table 5 Average target damage probability

毁伤概率	坦克	发射架	步兵战车
反坦克导弹	0.500	0	0
导弹1	0	0.693	0.338
导弹2	0	0.569	0.224

表6 基于平均毁伤概率的任务分配方案

Table 6 Task assignment scheme based on average damage probability

毁伤概率	任务序列	挂载形式
UAV1	T1-T5-T5	1-3-3
UAV2	T1-T1-T4	1-1-3
UAV3	~-T5-T5	1-2-3
UAV4	T1-T7-T7	1-3-2
UAV5	T8-T3-T3	3-2-3
UAV6	T4-T4-T2	2-2-1
UAV7	T8~T6-T2	3-2-1
UAV8		3-1-2
UAV9	T7-T3-T6	2-3-2
UAV10	~-T8-T8	3-2-3
UAV11	T4-T4-T2	2-2-1
UAV12	T6-T6-T2	2-2-1
UAV13	T7-T3-T3	2-2-3

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