基于滞回环数据的42CrMo高强度钢低周扭转疲劳性能分析

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1163

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

滞回环是低周塑性加载过程中连续监测到的应力-应变数据环,包含丰富的材料疲劳损伤累积信息。但由于滞回环数据采集、特征提取及分析等方面存在困难,相关研究报道较少。为深入评估42CrMo高强度钢低周扭转疲劳性能,提出基于滞回环特征数据的疲劳试验分析方法。采用扭转疲劳试验机获取材料的滞回环数据,设计特征提取算法获得循环应力、剪切模量、残余应力和塑性应变等随加载周期的演化规律以及材料的循环软化特性;通过试验设计及分析证实42CrMo材料不满足Masing特性,并且加载应变幅越大,非Masing特性越显著;通过低周扭转疲劳试验数据分析材料的循环应力-应变关系特性和应变-寿命关系特性,计算得到剪切模量G、循环强度系数K'、循环应变硬化指数n'、疲劳强度指数b、疲劳强度系数τ'_f、疲劳延性指数c、疲劳延性系数γ'_f等。基于滞回环特征数据的疲劳试验分析方法,充分利用扭转疲劳试验中间大量加载滞回环数据提取每一周期的滞回环特征,用丰富的分析数据描述材料疲劳性能。

关键词: 42CrMo高强度钢, 低周扭转疲劳, 滞回环, 特征提取

Abstract:

The hysteresis loop is a stress-strain data loop continuously monitored during low-cycle plastic loading,which contains rich accumulated information on material fatigue damage.However,due to the difficulties in hysteresis loop data collection,feature extraction and analysis,there are few relevant research reports.In order to deeply evaluate the low-cycle torsional fatigue properties of 42CrMo high-strength steel,a fatigue test analysis method based on hysteresis loop data is proposed.A torsional fatigue testing machine is used to obtain the hysteretic loop data of the material,and a feature extraction algorithm is designed to obtain the rules of evolution of cyclic stress,shear modulus,residual stress and plastic strain with the loading cycle as well as the cyclic softening characteristics of the material.Through experimental design and analysis,it is confirmed that the 42CrMo material does not meet the Masing characteristics,and as the strain amplitude increases,the non-Masing characteristics become more significant.The low-cycle torsional fatigue test data is used to analyze the cyclic stress-strain relationship characteristics and strain-life relationship characteristics of the material,and calculate shear modulus G,cyclic strength coefficient K',cyclic strain hardening inde xn',fatigue strength index b,fatigue strength coefficient τ'_f,fatigue ductility index c,and fatigue ductility coefficient γ'_f,etc.The proposed method makes full use of a large amount of loading hysteresis loop data in the torsional fatigue test to extract the hysteresis loop characteristics of each cycle,and uses rich analysis data to describe the fatigue properties of the material.

Key words: 42CrMo high-strength steel, low-cycle torsional fatigue, hysteresis loop, feature extraction

中图分类号:

TG115.55

邢文松, 龙震海, 黄杰. 基于滞回环数据的42CrMo高强度钢低周扭转疲劳性能分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(1): 231163-.

XING Wensong, LONG Zhenhai, HUANG Jie. Analysis of Low-cycle Torsional Fatigue Properties of 42CrMo Based on Hysteresis Loop Data[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(1): 231163-.

图/表 14

图1 扭转疲劳试验光滑漏斗式试样

Fig.1 Smooth funnel specimen for torsional fatigue test

图2 自研扭转疲劳试验机

Fig.2 self-developed torsional fatigue test machine

图3 滞回环曲线及其物理特征

Fig.3 Hysteresis loop curve and its physical characteristics

图4 基于QT框架的滞回环数据分析软件

Fig.4 Hysteresis loop data analysis software based on QT framework

图5 循环应力响应曲线

Fig.5 Cyclic stress response curves

图6 应变幅值对循环软化比R的影响

Fig.6 Effect of strain amplitude on cyclic softening ratio R

图7 残余应力随加载周期变化曲线

Fig.7 Variation of residual stress with loading cycle

图8 塑性应变随加载周期变化曲线

Fig.8 Variation of plastic strain with loading cycle

图9 剪切模量随加载周期变化曲线

Fig.9 Variation of shear modulus with loading cycle

图10 不同应变幅下提取的剪切模量

Fig.10 Extracted shear modulus under different strain amplitudes

图11 42CrMo高强度钢非Masing特性曲线

Fig.11 Non-Masing characteristic curve of 42CrMo

图12 42CrMo高强度钢循环应力-应变特性曲线

Fig.12 Cyclic stress-strain characteristic curve of 42CrMo

图13 42CrMo高强度钢应变-寿命特性曲线

Fig.13 Strain-life characteristic curve of 42CrMo

图14 42CrMo高强度钢扭转疲劳试样宏观断口形貌

Fig.14 Macroscopic fracture morphology of 42CrMo torsional fatigue specimen

参考文献 24

[1]	王永, 王西彬, 王志斌, 等. 考虑高强度钢加工表面完整性的背应力能法疲劳寿命预测模型[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(3):806-815. doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0828
	WANG Y, WANG X B, WANG Z B, et al. Fatigue life prediction model with back stress energy method based on the machined surface layer of high strength steel[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(3):806-815. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0828
[2]	HUANG X W, LI R Q, ZHANG X C, et al. Ultra low cycle fatigue behavior of Q690 high-strength steel welded T-stub joints:experiments and fracture prediction analysis[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2023,191:111054.
[3]	轩福贞, 朱明亮, 王国彪. 结构疲劳百年研究的回顾与展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(6):26-51. doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.06.026
	XUAN F Z, ZHU M L, WANG G B. Retrospect and prospect on century-long research of structural fatigue[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(6):26-51. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.06.026
[4]	王成, 毛飞鸿, 侯威, 等. 基于动态扭矩测试的综合传动系统主轴低周疲劳寿命预测与验证[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(7):1262-1269. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2020.07.002
	WANG C, MAO F H, HOU W, et al. Low-cycle fatigue life prediction and validation of main shaft of power-shift steering transmission based on dynamic torque measurement[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2020, 41(7):1262-1269. (in Chinese)
[5]	赵兴华, 蔡力勋, 江志华, 等. C250钢漏斗试样扭转低周疲劳研究[J]. 航空材料学报, 2015, 35(3):83-88. doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2015.3.014
	ZHAO X H, CAI L X, JIANG Z H, et al. Torsional low-cycle fatigue of C250 steel by using funnel specimen[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2015, 35(3):83-88. (in Chinese)
[6]	DANG H Y, LIANG A R, FENG R, et al. Experiments on static and fatigue behaviour of corroded Q235B and 42CrMo steels[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2022,198:107535.
[7]	PROCHÁZKA R, DŽUGAN J. Low cycle fatigue properties assessment for rotor steels with the use of miniaturized specimens[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2022,154:106555.
[8]	SABELKIN V P, COBB G R, DOANE B M, et al. Torsional behavior of additively manufactured nickel alloy 718 under monotonic loading and low cycle fatigue[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2020,24:101256.
[9]	ZHU Z W, LU Y S, XIE Q J, et al. Mechanical properties and dynamic constitutive model of 42CrMo steel[J]. Materials & Design, 2017,119:171-179.
[10]	周成, 叶其斌, 田勇, 等. 超高强度结构钢的研究及发展[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2021, 42(1):14-23. doi: 10.13289/j.issn.1009-6264.2020-0283
	ZHOU C, YE Q B, TIAN Y, et al. Research and application progress of ultra-high strength structural steel[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2021, 42(1):14-23. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13289/j.issn.1009-6264.2020-0283
[11]	SELYUTINA N S, SMIRNOV I V, PETROV Y V. Stabilisation effect of strain hysteresis loop for steel 45[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2021,145:106133.
[12]	SHANKAR V, KUMAR A. Comprehensive analysis of evolution of serrated hysteresis loops ofalloy 617 M during low cycle fatigue[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2022,33:104893.
[13]	SUI G Y, WANG Z Q, FANG X M, et al. Ratchetting-fatigue behavior of a 42CrMo steel under near-yield mean stress[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2023,247:108166.
[14]	SUN X Y, ZHOU T G, SONG K, et al. An image recognition based multiaxial low-cycle fatigue life prediction method with CNN model[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2023,167:107324.
[15]	NING C L, WANG L P, DU W. A practical approach to predict the hysteresis loop of reinforced concrete columns failing in different modes[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019,218:644-656.
[16]	HOU M L, DENG K K, WANG C J, et al. The work hardening and softening behaviors of Mg-6Zn-1Gd-0.12Y alloy influenced by the VR/VD ratio[J]. Materials Science and Engineering:A, 2022,856:143970.
[17]	HONG S G, LEE S B. The tensile and low-cycle fatigue behavior of cold worked 316L stainless steel:influence of dynamic strain aging[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2004, 26(8):899-910.
[18]	金丹, 左皓中, 刘兵, 等. 316L不锈钢non-Masing特性分析和疲劳寿命预测[J]. 中国机械工程, 2020, 31(24):2931-2936. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2020.24.005
	JIN D, ZUO H Z, LIU B, et al. Non-Masing characteristic analysis and fatigue life prediction for 316L stainless steel[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 31(24):2931-2936. (in Chinese)
[19]	YADAV S S, ROY S C, VEERABABU J, et al. Type-I to Type-II non-Masing behavior of 304L SS under low cycle fatigue:material’s internal changes[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2023,175:107789.
[20]	孙国芹, 尚德广, 王杨. 金属多轴疲劳行为与寿命预测研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(16):153-172. doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.16.153
	SUN G Q, SHANG D G, WANG Y. Research progress on fatigue behavior and life prediction under multiaxial loading for metals[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(16):153-172. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.16.153
[21]	李志农, 曾文钧, 闻庆松, 等. 静载拉伸和低周疲劳下Q235钢磁声发射特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(1):185-191. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.01.021
	LI Z N, ZENG W J, WEN Q S, et al. Magnetoacoustic emission characteristics of Q235 steel under static load tension and low cycle fatigue[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(1):185-191. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.01.021
[22]	GONG X F, WANG T J, LI Q S, et al. Cyclic responses and microstructure sensitivity of Cr-based turbine steel under different strain ratios in low cycle fatigue regime[J]. Materials & Design, 2021,201:109529.
[23]	WU D Q, DING Y, SU J S, et al. Investigation on low-cycle fatigue performance of high-strength steel bars including the effect of inelastic buckling[J]. Engineering Structures, 2022,272:114974.
[24]	CONCLI F, GEROSA R, PANZERI D, et al. High and low cycle fatigue properties of selective laser melted AISI 316L and AlSi10Mg[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2023,177:107931.