精指向机构45°扫描镜光矢量轨迹正交性研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0876

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在空间激光通信终端中,精指向机构45°扫描镜振动轴绕不同轴系振动时,捕获跟踪CMOS相机上的扫描轨迹不正交,使得激光终端扫描概率降低、光轴在轨标定难度增大。为研究其内在机理,利用光学追迹的方法建立三维光矢量扫描轨迹模型,计算并仿真45°反射镜振动轴沿两组常用正交轴扫描时,CMOS相机上光矢量轨迹的正交性,搭建实验测试系统验证该计算仿真在精指向机构扫描过程反射光矢量的性能。研究结果表明:45°扫描镜振动轴绕P=(1/2,-1/2, $2$ /2)^T和P'=(1/2,-1/2,- $2$ /2)^T振动扫描轨迹的不正交度为19.47°,不随扫描角度的变化而发生变化,实验验证和理论结果一致;45°扫描镜振动轴绕z轴和P=( $2$ /2,- $2$ /2,0)^T振动时,由扫描角度和扫描轨迹正交性曲线关系,得出CMOS相机上扫描轨迹夹角随着扫描角度变化而变化,当扫描角度为9mrad时,扫描轨迹的不正交度为6.4mrad。该研究对空间激光通信终端精指向机构扫描的内在机理、安装方式、轴外视场光轴标定等有深刻的认识和指导意义。

关键词: 空间激光通信, 激光终端, 45°反射镜, 扫描, 光线追迹

Abstract:

In the laser communication terminal in space, the scanning trajectory on the CMOS camera is not orthogonal when the fine pointing mechanism of the 45° scanning mirror vibrates around different shaft systems, which reduces the scanning probability and makes it more difficult to calibrate the optical axis of the laser terminal in orbit. In order to solve this problem, the ray tracing method is used to establish a three-dimensional light vector scanning trajectory model, and the orthogonality of the light vector trajectory on the CMOS camera is calculated and simulated when the vibration axis of the 45° mirror scans along two sets of commonly used orthogonal axes. Then, an experimental test system is built to verify the performance of the reflected light vector in the scanning process of the fine pointing mechanism. The results show that: the non-orthogonality of the 45° scanning mirror vibrates around P=(1/2,-1/2, $2$ /2)^T and P'=(1/2,-1/2,- $2$ /2)^T is 19.47°, and the included angle of the scanning trajectory on the CMOS camera changes with the scanning angle according to the relationship between the scanning angle and the orthogonality curve of the scanning trajectory; the non-orthogonality of the scanning trajectory is 6.4 mrad when the scanning angle is 9 mrad. This study provides insights into the internal mechanism and has guiding significance for the installation mode and optical axis calibration of the off-axis field of view of the fine pointing mechanism of space laser communication terminal.

Key words: space laser communication, laser terminal, 45° scanning mirror, scanning, ray tracing

李向阳, 李向月, 孙雪平, 张建华, 任斌, 张学娇, 陈安和, 陈祥, 张文睿. 精指向机构45°扫描镜光矢量轨迹正交性研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(4): 1193-1199.

LI Xiangyang, LI Xiangyue, SUN Xueping, ZHANG Jiahua, REN Bin, ZHANG Xuejiao, CHEN Anhe, CHEN Xiang, ZHANG Wenrui. Study on Orthogonality of Light Vector Trajectory of 45 ° Scanning Mirror in Fine Pointing Mechanism[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(4): 1193-1199.

图/表 10

图1 反射镜和二维扫描机构

Fig.1 Mirror and two-dimensional scanning mechanism

图2 反射镜坐标系建立示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the establishment of the mirror’s coordinate system

图3 45°反射镜扫描轨迹夹角随扫描角度的变化曲线

Fig.3 Included angle change of the scanning trajectory of the 45° mirror with the scanning angle

图4 45°反射镜扫描正交性测试光路

Fig.4 Optical path of 45° mirror scanning orthogonality test

图5 45°反射镜扫描执行指令

Fig.5 45° mirror scanning execution instructions

图6 Oxz平面内CMOS相机上光线扫描轨迹

Fig.6 Light scanning trajectory on an Oxz in-plane CMOS camera

表1 45°反射镜扫描执行量和扫描轨迹质心数据

Table 1 Mirror scanning execution volume and centroid data of scanning trajectory

精指向机构执行量/像素		CMOS光斑质心坐标/像素
x轴方向	y轴方向	x轴方向	y轴方向
60536	65536	825.6883	427.7118
61536	65536	867.2820	456.4303
62536	65536	909.1070	486.1935
63536	65536	950.9320	515.5285
64536	65536	992.7570	544.3956
65536	65536	1034.5820	573.7115
66536	65536	1076.4070	603.4504
67536	65536	1118.2320	633.2713
68536	65536	1160.0570	662.0115
69536	65536	1201.8820	691.6160
70536	65536	1243.9420	720.7790
65536	60536	843.4628	709.7331
65536	61536	881.7260	682.0725
65536	62536	919.9400	655.1939
65536	63536	958.1540	628.2576
65536	64536	996.3680	601.3199
65536	65536	1034.5820	574.2589
65536	66536	1072.7960	546.7173
65536	67536	1111.0100	519.1793
65536	68536	1149.2240	492.0605
65536	69536	1187.4380	465.0392
65536	70536	1225.6050	438.5264

图7 Oxz平面内扫描曲线

Fig.7 Scanning curve in Oxz plane

图8 45°反射镜扫描轨迹夹角随扫描角度的变化曲线

Fig.8 Included angle change of the scanning trajectory of the 45°mirror with the scanning angle

图9 45°反射镜扫描正交性实验

Fig.9 45° mirror scanning orthogonality experiment

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