湿式多片离合器结构特征对接触压力特性的影响

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0618

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对湿式多片离合器的实际结构特征,建立多摩擦副系统有限元模型和热力学数值模型,研究压板厚度、卡簧宽度、摩擦副数等结构参数对摩擦副间接触压力差异性的影响,并通过离合器静压实验验证数值模型的正确性。制定摩擦副间接触压力差异性评价指标,提出离合器最优结构特征。研究结果表明:离合器的压板厚度和卡簧宽度对离合器接触压力差异性的影响最大,摩擦副数对其影响较小;增大压板厚度和卡簧宽度可以显著降低接触压力分布的差异性和摩擦副的径向温差;相比于初始工况,最优工况下摩擦副的最大压差和温差分别降低82%、61%。

关键词: 湿式多片离合器, 结构特征, 接触压力, 温度场

Abstract:

Based on the structural characteristics of a wet multi-disk clutch, a finite element model and a thermodynamic model of a multi friction-pair system are developed. The influence of structural parameters on the contact pressure between friction pairs are studied, including backplate thickness, circlip width, and number of friction pairs. Moreover, the correctness of the numerical model is verified by clutch static pressure experiments. An index is employed to evaluate the pressure differences between friction pairs, and the optimal structural parameters of the clutch are proposed. The results show that the backplate thickness and circlip width have strong effects on the pressure difference, while the number of friction pairs only has a slight influence. The differences between the contact pressure and radial temperature of friction pairs can be significantly smoothed out by increasing the plate thickness and circlip width. As compared with the initial structural conditions, the maximum differences of the control pressure and radial temperature at the optimum condition are reduced by 82% and 61%, respectively.

Key words: wet multi-disk clutch, structural characteristics, contact pressure, temperature field

中图分类号:

U463.2

陈漫, 刘宇键, 于亮, 王旭, 张存振, 胡淋. 湿式多片离合器结构特征对接触压力特性的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(2): 406-416.

CHEN Man, LIU Yujian, YU Liang, WANG Xu, ZHANG Cunzhen, HU Lin. Effects of Structural Characteristics of a Wet Multi-Disk Clutch on Contact Pressure[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(2): 406-416.

图/表 29

图1 湿式多片湿式离合器三维示意图

Fig.1 3D schematic diagram of a wet multi-disk wet clutch

图2 半无限大平板压力传递模型

Fig.2 Pressure transmission model on the semi-infinite plate

图3 离合器有限元模型

Fig.3 Finite element model of the clutch

表1 摩擦元件的材料和结构参数

Table 1 Material and structural parameters of friction pairs

摩擦元件	r_i/mm	r_o/mm	厚度 H/mm	ν	弹性模量 E/GPa
活塞	85	125	6	0.29	210
钢片	85	125	3	0.29	210
摩擦衬片	85	125	0.6	0.27	2.2
摩擦基片	85	125	2	0.29	210
压板	85	125	6	0.29	210
卡簧	122	125	3	0.29	210

图4 6摩擦副系统接触压力云图

Fig.4 Pressure clouds of a 6-friction-pairs system

图5 初始工况各摩擦副径向接触压力分布图

Fig.5 Radial pressure in the initial working conditions

图6 不同压板厚度条件下的接触压力变化

Fig.6 Changes of pressure under different backplate thicknesses

图7 不同压板厚度的S6副径向压力分布

Fig.7 Radial pressure of S6 under different backplate thicknesses

图8 应力传递示意图

Fig.8 Diagram of pressure transfer

图9 不同卡簧宽度条件下的接触压力变化

Fig.9 Changes of pressure under different circlip widths

图10 不同卡簧宽度的S6副径向压力分布

Fig.10 Radial pressure distribution of S6 under different circlip widths

图11 不同摩擦副径向压力分布图

Fig.11 Radial pressure of different friction pairs

图12 近卡簧侧摩擦副径向压力分布

Fig.12 Radial pressure of friction pairs near the circlip side

表2 影响因素综合评价

Table 2 Influencing factors

结构参数		k₁/ (kPa·mm^-1)	k₂/ (kPa·mm^-1)	k₃(k₁+k₂)/ (kPa·mm^-1)
压板厚度	8mm	0.69	8.36	9.05
	10mm	0.53	4.94	5.47
卡簧宽度	6mm	1.48	8.26	9.74
	9mm	2.06	3.38	5.44
摩擦副数	12副	1.2	16.28	17.48
	18副	1.6	17.18	18.78

图13 优化前后的压力分布图

Fig.13 Pressure before and after optimization

图14 优化前后S6副径向压力分布图

Fig.14 S6 radial pressure before and after optimization

图15 实验系统及样品

Fig.15 Test systems and samples

图16 初始工况下LLW试纸中压力分布

Fig.16 Pressure in LLW test paper under initial working conditions

图17 初始工况实验压力数据

Fig.17 Experimental pressure under initial working conditions

图18 LLW试纸中不同压板厚度的压力分布

Fig.18 Pressure in LLW test paper with different backplate thicknesses

图19 不同压板厚度的实验压力数据

Fig.19 Experimental pressure for different backplate thicknesses

图20 LLW试纸中不同卡簧宽度的压力分布

Fig.20 Pressure in LLW test paper with different circlip widths

图21 不同卡簧宽度的实验压力数据

Fig.21 Experimental pressure data for different circlip widths

图22 LW试纸中不同摩擦副数的压力分布

Fig.22 Pressure in LW test paper with different friction pairs

图23 不同摩擦副数的实验压力数据

Fig.23 Experimental pressure data for different friction pairs

图24 优化前后LLW试纸中压力分布

Fig.24 Pressure in LLW test paper before and after optimization

图25 优化前后实验压力数据

Fig.25 Experimental pressure data before and after optimization

图26 初始工况温度场

Fig.26 Temperature field of initial working conditions

图27 优化工况温度场

Fig.27 Temperature field of optimized working conditions

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