基于等效传热和动态热流分配的限滑离合器温度场研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0531

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对限滑离合器多工况宽时长滑摩状态流、固传热及实际热流输入对温度场的非线性影响,考虑恒定热流分配模型无法满足接触界面温度连续的局限,提出以摩擦副间隙油膜等效假设计算等效对流传热系数的新方法。建立动态热流分配过程中限滑离合器全润滑状态温度场预测模型,搭建滑摩试验台并开展了6组不同润滑油温、相对转速差试验测试。研究结果表明:所建立模型有效降低了温度计算偏差,预测最大误差为7.6%,为非稳态连续滑摩离合器温度场研究提供了理论依据;将离合器温升分为快速增加阶段A和平稳变化阶段B,随着相对转速差提升,对偶钢片在阶段A输入热流降低值、对流传热等效功率递增值变化明显,平均温升速率随总滑摩热流密度增加而加快,并在阶段B热流输入与传热输出达到了稳态并趋于平衡。

关键词: 限滑离合器, 等效对流传热系数, 动态热流分配, 温度场

Abstract:

This work focuses on the influence of the convective heat transfer and input of heat flux on the nonlinear temperature field of the limited slip clutch in various continuous sliding conditions. Considering that the steady heat flux partition model cannot meet the limitation of the continuous temperature of the contact interface, a new calculation method for equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient is proposed based on the assumption of equivalent oil film of friction gap, and the temperature field prediction model for full lubrication conditions of the limited slip clutch is established during the dynamic distribution of heat flux. The clutch sliding bench is constructed and six experiments of different lubricating oil temperature and relative speed difference is designed. The results show that the established model effectively eliminates the temperature prediction deviation, and the maximum error of temperature prediction is 7.6%, which provides a theoretical basis for the research of clutch temperature field under the dynamic continuous sliding conditions. The variation of clutch temperature rise is divided into rapid growth stage A and stable growth stage B. At stage A, the decrement of heat flux input and the increment of equivalent power of convective heat transfer of the steel are positively correlated with the increase of relative speed difference, and the average temperature rise rate increases along with the heat flux density. The stable equilibrium state of input of heat flux and output of heat transfer is reached during stage B.

Key words: limited slip clutch, equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient, dynamic heat flux partition, temperature field

中图分类号:

U463.2

金嘉玺, 杨树军, 彭增雄, 陈俏儿, 李学良, 潘辉, 连壮. 基于等效传热和动态热流分配的限滑离合器温度场研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(10): 3056-3066.

JIN Jiaxi, YANG Shujun, PENG Zengxiong, CHEN Qiao’er, LI Xueliang, PAN Hui, LIAN Zhuang. Temperature Field Analysis of Limited Slip Clutch Based on Equivalent Heat Transfer and Dynamic Heat Flux Partition[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(10): 3056-3066.

图/表 14

图1 限滑离合器原理图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of limited slip clutch

图2 摩擦副网格模型

Fig.2 Mesh model of friction pairs

图3 温度场仿真计算流程

Fig.3 Flowchart of simulation calculation for the temperature field

表1 摩擦副参数

Table 1 Parameters of friction pairs

参数	数值
参数	钢片	摩擦衬片	润滑油
密度ρ/(kg·m^-3)	7860	1785	855
热导率K/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	48	0.22	0.131
比热容c/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	500	1008	2040
摩擦副内径r₁/m	0.0595
摩擦副外径r₂/m	0.075
摩擦衬片渗透性ϕ/m²	1×10^-13
摩擦衬片厚度d/m	0.4×10^-3
微凸体曲率半径β/m	8×10^-4
微凸体分布密度N/m^-2	7×10⁷
联合粗糙度均方根值σ/m	8.4×10^-6
摩擦副等效弹性模量E/MPa	4.84×10⁹
液压缸内径r_i/m	0.0595
液压缸外径r_o/m	0.075
沟槽数量n_g/个	40
沟槽宽度w_g/m	0.002
沟槽深度h_g/m	0.0004
润滑油动力黏度μ/(m²·s^-1)	0.062

图4 离合器滑摩试验台

Fig. 4 Test bench for the clutch

表2 试验工况

Table 2 Experimental conditions

影响因素	数值
压力/MPa	0.4
相对转速差/(r·min^-1)	40,60,80
润滑油温/℃	30,65

图5 不同滑摩工况对偶钢片温度变化

Fig.5 Variation of steel temperature under different sliding conditions

表3 仿真与试验最大温度差值对比

Table 3 Relative errors of maximum temperature between numerical and experimental results

热流分配	润滑油温	相对速差/ (r·min^-1)	偏差/℃	误差/%
		40	34.5	35.1
	30	60	26.9	26.7
恒定		80	43.1	38.6
		40	28.0	24.8
	65	60	42.2	34.1
		80	53.3	36.2
		40	3.2	3.3
	30	60	7.7	7.6
动态		80	1.2	1.1
		40	1.8	1.7
	65	60	6.5	5.3
		80	7.9	5.4

图6 不同相对转速差下对偶钢片动态热流输入值

Fig.6 Dynamic heat flux input of steel under different relative speeds

表4 离合器不同相对转速差产散热能力

Table 4 Production and dissipation of heat under different relative speeds of clutch

相对转速差/ (r·min^-1)	总滑摩热流/W	等效对流传热系数均值
40	122	224
60	174	237
80	239	251

图7 不同相对转速下滑摩节点对外热传导值

Fig.7 External heat conduction value of the sliding nodes with different relative speeds

图8 不同时刻各相对转速下径向节点温度

Fig.8 Temperature of radial points of different relative speeds at different time points

图9 不同相对转速差下对偶钢片对流冷却功率

Fig.9 Convection cooling power of steel under different relative speeds

表5 离合器不同工况平均温升速率

Table 5 Average growth rate of clutch temperature under different operating conditions ℃/s

相对转速差/ (r·min^-1)	润滑油温/℃
相对转速差/ (r·min^-1)	30	65
40	1.44	1.10
60	1.53	1.46
80	1.90	2.24

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