军用车辆座椅减振抗爆技术研究现状与发展趋势(军用车辆乘载员减振抗爆座椅设计技术研究系列一)

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0402

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 军用车辆座椅如果减振、抗爆性能不佳，将会极大影响战车乘载员的身体健康与战斗力。结合坦克座椅对乘载员身体健康、观瞄操纵效能、生命安全的影响，分析坦克装甲车辆座椅的重要性；对比了国内外军用车辆乘载员座椅减振、抗爆技术的研究现状及国内外差距。结合军用车辆座椅乘坐舒适性、减振、缓冲等功能需求，分析了国内军用车辆乘载员座椅在座高无级调节、减振与缓冲同步设置、质量自适应减振抗与抗爆及抗爆结构多次复用等方面的弱势，由此得出了军用车辆乘载员座椅的发展趋势、研究方向与关键技术。研究结果表明，加快研制军用车辆减振抗爆座椅具有必要性与紧迫性。

关键词: 军用车辆, 乘载员座椅, 减振, 抗爆

Abstract: If the shock absorption and antiknock performance of military vehicle seats are poor, it will greatly affect the physical health and combat effectiveness of combat vehicle passengers. Tank seats are important due to their influence on occupant health, operation and maneuvering efficiency, and life security. The research status on shock absorption and anti-explosion of occupant seat in armored vehicles as well as the development gap between China and foreign countries are analyzed. The disadvantages of occupant seats in Chinese military vehicles are evaluated based on the ride comfort, shock absorption, and anti-explosion requirements, especially in step-less height adjustment, synchronous vibration damping and buffering, self-adapting weight damping, and multiple reuse of anti-explosion structures. A summary regarding the development trend, research direction, and key technologies of occupant seats is presented. The study further reveals the necessity and urgency of speeding up research in armored vehicle seats.

Key words: militaryvehicle, occupantseat, shockabsorbing, anti-explosion

中图分类号:

汪国胜，雷强顺，曹宇，张伟杰，李桂兵. 军用车辆座椅减振抗爆技术研究现状与发展趋势(军用车辆乘载员减振抗爆座椅设计技术研究系列一)[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(7): 1718-1732.

WANG Guosheng， LEI Qiangshun， CAO Yu， ZHANG Weijie， LI Guibing. Current Status and Trends in Shock-absorbing and Anti-explosion Technologies for Military Vehicle SeatsResearch on Design Technology of Shock Absorbing and Anti-explosion for Military Vehicle Seats(Series I)[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(7): 1718-1732.

参考文献

［1］郭青山，王元辉.人机工程设计［M］.第1版.天津:天津大学出版社，1994.
GUO Q S，WANG Y H. Ergonomics design［M］.1st ed. Tianjin: Tianjin University Press，1994. (in Chinese)
［2］ RAMASAMY A，HILL A M，HEPPER A E.Blast mines:physics，injury mechanisms and vehicle protection［J］.Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps，2009，155(4):258-264.
［3］谢成林，刘维平，杜蕾.基于静态舒适性分析的装甲车辆驾驶舱人机匹配研究［J］.装甲兵工程学院学报，2008，22(6):69-72.
XIE C L，LIU W P，DU L.Research on man-machine matching of tank driving cab in based on static comfort analysis［J］.Journal of Academy of Armored Force Engineering，2008，22(6):69-72.(in Chinese)
［4］马强，王洪飞.710名坦克乘员职业性肌肉骨骼疾患调查［J］.解放军预防医学杂志，2001，19(3):198-199.
MA Q，WANG H F.Investigation of occupational musculoskeletal diseases in 710 tank occupants［J］.Journal of Preventive Medicine of Chinese People's Liberation Army，2001，19(3):198-199. (in Chinese)
［5］路闯，叶应荣，袁宏伟，等.坦克乘员552名腰痛状况分析［J］.临床军医杂志，2002，30(1):34-35.
LU C，YE Y R，YUAN H W，et al. Analysis of low back pain in 552 tank crew［J］.Clinical Journal of Medical Officer，2002，30(1): 34-35. (in Chinese)
［6］汪国胜，凌亮，凌云.装甲车辆人机界面直向设计方法探讨［J］.车辆与动力技术，2005(1):26-31.
WANG G S，LING L，LING Y.The discuss of the direct MMI design method in armored vehicles［J］.Vehicle and Power Technology，2005(1):26-31. (in Chinese)
［7］房凌晖，郑翔玉，马丽，等.坦克装甲车辆防护发展研究［J］.四川兵工学报，2014，35(2):23-26.
FANG L H，ZHENG X Y，MA L，et al. Armor protection development of tank and armored vehicle［J］.Journal of Sichuan Ordnance，2014，35(2):23-26. (in Chinese)
［8］吴铭权.坦克振动对人体的影响及其防护［J］.人民军医，2002，45(3):135-136.
WU M Q.Influence of tank vibration on human body and its protection［J］.People's Military Surgeon，2002，45(3):135-136. (in Chinses)
［9］张志勇.半主动座椅悬架控制理论与实验研究［D］.长沙：湖南大学，2008.
ZHANG Z Y.Theoretical and experimental study on semi-active seat suspension control［D］.Changsha:Hunan University，2008. (in Chinese)
［10］汪国胜，药凌宇，魏来生，等.某型坦克底盘线振动对行进间射击精度影响机理研究［J］.兵工学报，2016，37(3):541-546.
WANG G S，YAO L Y，WEI L S， et al. Research on the mechanism of the influence of the linear vibration of a tank chassis on the firing accuracy［J］.Acta Armamentarii，2016，37(3): 541-546. (in Chinese)
［11］汪国胜，肖洁，赵韬硕，等.坦克底盘角振动对火炮射击精度影响机理研究［J］.火力与指挥控制，2016,41(3):39-42.
WANG G S，XIAO J，ZHAO T S，et al. Research on the influence mechanism of tank chassis angular vibration on gun firing accuracy［J］.Fire Control & Command Control，2016，41(3):39-42. (in Chinese)
［12］汪国胜，魏来生，曹宇，等.目标角大小对坦克行进间射击精度影响机理［J］.南京理工大学学报(自然科学版)，2016，40(1): 77-83.
WANG G S，WEI L S，CAO Y，et al.Influence mechanism of target angle on firing accuracy of moving tank［J］.Journal of Nanjing University of Science & Technology，2016，40(1):77-83. (in Chinese)
［13］吴铭权，陈浩宇，姚治中，等.坦克振动的测试与评价［J］.解放军预防医学杂志，2006，24(2):81-84.
WU M Q，CHEN H Y，YAO Z Z，et al. Test and evaluation of tank vibration［J］.Journal of Preventive Medicine of Chinese People's Liberation Army，2006，24(2):81-84. (in Chinese)
［14］李晓雷，白士红，庞思勤，等.履带装甲车辆对人体振动影响的研究［C］∥第四届全国人的可靠性和人-机-环境系统可靠性专题研讨会论文集.千岛湖:中国系统工程学会，2004:179-182.
LI X L，BAI S H，PANG S Q，et al. Research on the impact of tracked armored vehicles on human vibration ［C］∥Peoceedings of the Fourth National Symposium on Human Reliability and Human-Machine-environment System Reliability.Qiandao Lake: Chinese Society of Systems Engineering，2004:179-182. (in Chinese)
［15］ PRADKO F，ORR T R，LEE R A.Human vibration analysis［J］.SAE Transactions，1966，74: 331-339.
［16］赵强，陈云微.基于磁流变技术的车辆座椅悬架减振研究［J］.森林工程，2010,26(6):21-25.
ZHAO Q，CHEN Y W.Study on vibration reduction of vehicle seat suspension based on magnetorheological technology［J］.Forest Engineering，2010，26(6):21-25. (in Chinese)
［17］何斌意.装甲车辆座椅防雷性能评估方法初探［J］.科学技术创新，2018(28):10-12.
HE B Y.Preliminary study on lightning protection performance evaluation method for armored vehicle seats ［J］.Scientific and Technological Innovation，2018(28): 10-12. (in Chinese)
［18］易方，陈州，李红勋.美军新型轮式防地雷反伏击车辆扫描［J］.汽车运用，2009(1):24-26.
YI F，CHEN Z，LI H X. Scanning of new wheeled anti- mine and anti-ambush vehicle of US Army［J］.Vehicle Application，2009(1): 24-26. (in Chinese)
［19］刘萍，张宏.磁流变弹性体在汽车座椅减振中的应用［J］.机械研究与应用，2013,26(5):91-93.
LIU P，ZHANG H.Application of a magnetorheological elastomer for seat vibration reduction［J］.Mechanical Research & Application，2013，26(5):91-93. (in Chinese)
［20］侯树勋，王德民，金正善，等.四个兵种部队腰腿痛发病情况的调查和分析［J］.人民军医，1997，11(22):52-54.
HOU S X，WANG D M，JIN Z S，et al. Investigation and analysis of lumbago and leg pain in four military forces［J］. People's Military Surgeon，1997，11(22):52-54. (in Chinese)
［21］吴国梁.振动对人眼视觉功能的影响［J］.东南大学学报，1997，27(1):92-95.
WU G L. The effects of vibration of visual performance［J］. Journal of Southeast University，1997，27(1):92-95.(in Chinese)
［22］兀光波，徐小青，考希宾，等.装甲车辆舱室振动环境现状及其对乘员作业工效的影响［J］.人类工效学，2015，21(1):84-86.
WU G B，XU X Q，KAO X B，et al.The present situation of vibration environment in armored vehicle cabin and its influence on crew working efficiency［J］.Chinese Journal of Ergonomics，2015，21(1):84-86. (in Chinese)
［23］安学国,王雄高.防雷装甲车的发展演变历程［J］.国外坦克,2008(7):13-17.
AN X G,WANG X G. The development and evolution of mine-protected armored vehicles［J］. Foreign Tank, 2008 (7):13-17.(in Chinese)
［24］张钱城，郝方楠，李裕春，等.爆炸冲击载荷作用下车辆和人员的损伤与防护［J］.力学与实践，2014，36(5):527-539.
ZHANG Q C，HAO F N，LI Y C，et al.Damage and protection of vehicles and personnel under explosion impact load ［J］. Mechanics in Engineering，2014，36(5):527-539. (in Chinese)
［25］熊斌.MRAP的榜样“美洲狮”系列反地雷防伏击车［J］.兵器知识，2010(5):57-59.
XIONG B.MRAP model cougar series anti-mine ambush［J］.Ordnance Knowledge，2010(5):57-59. (in Chinese)
［26］王虹，王宸.军防地雷车辆现状与发展特点［J］.工程装备论证与试验，2005(2):16-18.
WANG H，WANG C. Current situation and development characteristics of military anti-mine vehicles［J］. Demonstration and Test of Engineering Equipment，2005(2):16-18. (in Chinese)
［27］ BARSOUM R G S，PETERSON R O，OWEN D P，et al. Mine and collision protection for passenger vehicle：US 7114764［P］.2006-10-03.
［28］郭启涛.某型防地雷车车身结构优化设计研究［D］.南京：南京理工大学，2015.
GUO Q T.Research on the optimization design of body structure of a certain type of anti-mine vehicle［D］.Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science & Technology，2015.(in Chinese)
［29］徐晓前.战斗车辆的地雷防护［J］.国外坦克，2002(12):31-32.
XU X Q.Mine protection of combat vehicles［J］.Foreign Tanks，2002(12):31-32. (in Chinese)
[30] TAN C F，DELBRESSINE F，RAUTERBERG G W M. Vehicle seat design: state of the art and recent development[J]. Proceedings of the World Engineering Congress 2007, Penang, Malaysia: Federation of Engineering Institutions of Islamic Countries, 2007:51-61.
［31］ ANDERSON J C，BEHNER T，WEISS C E，et al. Mine blast loading: experiments and simulations［R］. San Antonio, TX, US: Southwest Research Inst, 2010.
［32］ DONG Y P，LU Z H. Analysis and evaluation of anti-shock seat with a multi-stage non-linear suspension for a tactical vehicle under a blast load［J］.Journal of Automobile Engineering，2012，226(8):1037-1047.
［33］任佳，刘小川，杨建波，等.装甲车座椅抗地雷爆炸冲击模拟试验方法研究［J］.应用力学学报，2020，37(6):2535-2543.
REN J，LIU X C，YANG J B，et,al. Research on the simulation test method of anti-mine explosion impact of armored vehicle seats［J］. Journal of Applied Mechanics，2020，37(6):2535-2543.
[34] JIANG R, RUI X, YANG F, et al. Simulation and experiment of the magnetorheological seat suspension with a seated occupant in both shock and vibration occasions[J]. Smart Materials and Structures, 2020, 29(10):105008.
［35］王雄高.爆炸防护座椅［J］.国外坦克，2010(11):47-50.
WANG X G. Explosion protection seat［J］. Foreign Tank， 2010(11): 47-50. (in Chinese)
［36］韩辉，焦丽娟，徐平.战车底部防雷技术研究［J］.四川兵工学报，2007，28(3):11-13.
HAN H，JIAO L J，XU P.Research on lightning protection technology of combat vehicle bottom［J］.Journal of Sichuan Ordnance，2007，28(3):11-13. (in Chinese)
［37］ NILAKANTAN G.Design and development of an energy absorbing seat and ballixtic fabric material material model to reduce crew injury caused by acceleration from mine/IED blast［D］.OH，US:University of Cincinnati，2006.
［38］张强，龚志钦，张晨然.适应新威胁装甲车辆悬吊式乘员座椅设计［J］.中国个体防护装备，2014(4):5-9.
ZHANG Q，GONG Z Q，ZHANG C R.Design of suspended passenger seat for armored vehicles adapting to new threats［J］.Personal Protective Equipment，2014(4):5-9. (in Chinese)
［39］房凌晖，郑翔玉，蔡宏图，等.坦克装甲车辆防护技术发展研究［J］.四川兵工学报，2014，35(3):23-26.
FANG L H，ZHENG X Y，CAI H T, et al. Research on the development of tank and armored vehicle protection technology［J］.Journal of Sichuan Ordnance，2014，35(3):23-26.(in Chinese)
［40］ DU H P，LI W H，ZHANG N.Semi-active variable stiffness vibration control of vehicle seat suspension using an MR elastomer isolator［J］.Smart Material and Structures，2011，20(10):105003.
［41］ ZENG K G，ANDREW J, HILLS J D. Adaptive control of an active seat for occupant vibration reduction［J］.Sound and Vibration，2015，349:39-55.
［42］ SY D N，QUOC H N，CHOI S B. A hybrid clustering based fuzzy structure for vibration control—Part 2:an application to semi-active vehicle seat-suspension system［J］.Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2015，56(5):288-301.
［43］ DO X P，DO K S，CHOI S B. Design of a new adaptive fuzzy controller and its application to vibration control of a vehicle seat installed with an MR damper［J］.Smart Materials and Structures，2015，24(8):085012.
［44］ DO K S，DO X P，CHOI S M，et al.An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control of magneto-rheological seat suspension with human body model［J］.Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures，2016，27(7):925-934.
［45］ RAJENDIRAN S，LAKSHMI P.Simulation of PID and fuzzy logic controller for integrated seat suspension of a quarter car with driver model for different road profiles［J］. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology，2016，30(10):4565-4570.
［46］ GAD S，METERE H，BASSUNINY A，et al. Multi-objective genetic algorithm fractional-order PID controller for semi-active magnetorheologically damped seat suspension［J］.Journal of Vibration and Control，2017，23(8):1248-1266.
［47］杨建春，白鸿柏，刘英杰.钢丝绳减振器在履带车辆座椅上的应用［J］.火炮发射与控制学报，2003，8(4):29-32.
YANG J C，BAI H B，LIU Y J.Application of wire rope shock absorber in crawler vehicle seat ［J］.Journal of Gun Launch & Control，2003，8(4): 29-32. (in Chinese)
［48］ RAKHEJA S，BOILEAU P E，WANG Z．Performance analysis of suspension seats under high magnitude vibration excitations: part II: design parameter study，Part II: Low frequency noise［J］.Vibration and Active control，2004，23(1): 7-26.
［49］ SUNG W，HITECH C L.Bumper stay unit capable of minimizing damages of vehicles by reducing impact force delivered to the vehicle body：KR932674B［P］. 2009-12-21.
［50］ SUNG W，HITECH C L. Car bumper stay unit：Korean. KR1270937B1 ［P］. 2013-06-11.
［51］罗云华，张海鸥，黄早文.翻转管吸能特性及翻管成形工艺的研究［J］.锻压机械，2000，35(5):6-8.
LUO Y H，ZHANG H O，HUANG Z W. Work on characteristic as energy absorber and inversion process of inverted rube［J］.Metalforming & Machinery，2000，35(5):6-8. (in Chinese)
［52］ LIANG C C，YANG M F，WU P W.Optimum design of metallic corrugated core sandwich panels subjected to blast loads［J］.Ocean Engineering，2001，28(7):825-861.
［53］ XUE Z Y，HUTCHINSON J W.Preliminary assessment of sandwich plates subject to blast load［J］.International Journal of Mechanical Sciences，2003 45(4):687-705.
［54］ XUE Z Y，HUTCHINSON J W.A comparative study of impulse-resistant metal sandwich plates［J］.International Journal of Impact Engineering，2004，30(10):1283-1305.
［55］王大勇，翻转管碰撞性能的试验研究［J］.上海汽车，2009，6(3): 44-47.
WANG D Y. Experimental study on impact performance of overturned tube ［J］. Shanghai Automobile，2009，6(3):44-47. (in Chinese)
［56］黄早文，俞彦勤，李尚健.翻转管的研制及其在吸能器中的应用［J］.中国机械工程，1995，6(4):37-39.
HUANG Z W，YU Y Q，LI S J. A study on invertube and their applications to energy absorbers ［J］. China Mechanical Engineering，1995，6(4):37-39. (in Chinese)
［57］陈婷，周云波，王显会，等.爆炸冲击下座椅吸能元件设计及优化研究［J］.计算机仿真，2019，36(7):1-5.
CHEN T，ZHOU Y B，WANG X H，et al. Design and optimization of seat energy absorbing element under explosion impact［J］.Computer Simulation，2019，36(7):1-5. (in Chinese)
［58］魏来生，汪国胜，李春明.一种基于四连杆调节机构的车辆减振缓冲座: CN110303955A［P］.2019-10-08.
WEI L S，WANG G S，LI C M. A vehicle damping seat based on four link adjusting mechanism:CN110303955A ［P］.2019-10-08. (in Chinese)
［59］汪国胜，雷强顺，李春明.一种基于滑动调节机构的车辆减振缓冲座椅:CN110303956A［P］.2019-10-08.
WANG G S，LEI Q S，LI C M. A vehicle damping seat based on sliding adjustment mechanism:CN110303956A ［P］.2019-10-08. (in Chinese)
［60］胡柱卜，汪华飞，王羚杰.一种车辆防地雷座椅:CN103661028A［P］.2014-03-26.
HU Z B，WANG H F，WANG L J.An antimine seat used in vehicle:CN103661028A ［P］.2014-03-26. (in Chinese)
［61］张英，洪伟中.一种带有防雷功能的悬挂座椅:CN202439585U［P］.2012-09-19.
ZHANG Y，HONG W Z.An explosion-proof seat witha suspension:CN202439585U ［P］.2012-09-19. (in Chinese)
［62］宋春桃.车辆座椅的磁流变液减振研究［D］.南京：南京理工大学，2007.
SONG C T. Research on magnetorheological fluid damping of vehicle seat ［D］.Nanjing：Nanjing University of Science & Technology，2007. (in Chinese)
［63］孙启超，刘少军.某型坦克座椅减振的控制与仿真［J］.机电产品开发与创新，2007，20(6):120-122.
SUN Q C，LIU S J. Control and simulation of vibration reduction of a tank seat［J］.Development & Innovation of Machinery & Electrical Products，2007，20(6):120-122. (in Chinese)
［64］曾才民.驾驶员座椅悬架磁流变阻尼器设计研究［D］.南京：南京理工大学，2010.
ZENG C M.Design of magnetorheological damper for driver seat suspension［D］.Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science & Technology，2010. (in Chinese)
［65］陈嘉豪.坦克座椅磁流变隔振器设计与性能测试［D］.南京：南京理工大学，2016.
CHEN J H.Design and performance test of magnetorheological isolators for tank seats［D］.Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science & Technology，2016. (in Chinese)
［66］孟小杰.基于磁流变阻尼器的座椅悬架减振研究［D］.南京：南京理工大学，2017.
MENG X J.Research on vibration reduction of seat suspension based on magnetorheological damper［D］. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science & Technology，2017.(in Chinese)
［67］杨森.减振抗爆磁流变半主动座椅悬架系统控制方法研究［D］.合肥：合肥工业大学，2019.
YANG S.Research on the control method of vibration damping and anti-explosion magnetorheological semi-active seat suspension system［D］.Hefei:Hefei University of Technology，2019. (in Chinese)
［68］ BAI X X，YANG S.Hybrid controller of magnetorheological semi-active seat suspension system for both shock and vibration mitigation［J］. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures，2019，30(11):1613-1628.
［69］唐志勇，朱炜，朱洪涛.装甲车辆磁流变座椅振动控制方法研究［J］.兵器装备工程学报，2021，42(3):22-27.
TANG Z Y，ZHU W，ZHU H T. Vibration control and experimental research on magnetorheological seat of armored vehicle［J］.Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering，2021，42(3):22-27. (in Chinese)



[1]	王成，杨靖宇，迟力源，王万里，陈泰年. 钢筋混凝土端面重墙结构的抗爆性能规律[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(1): 131-139.
[2]	闫俊伯, 刘彦, 李亚飞, 徐梓熙, 黄风雷. 不同强度混凝土及钢筋对钢筋混凝土柱抗爆性能的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(3): 530-544.
[3]	孙晓旺，张进成，彭兵，章金坤，王显会. 军用车辆底部爆炸冲击下载员下肢保护装置设计与优化[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(12): 2555-2564.
[4]	傅斌贺，刘西侠，刘维平，张传清，宋海军. 不同任务需求下军用车辆乘员信息作业适宜性评价指标研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(2): 239-245.
[5]	耿少波，葛培杰，李洪，徐鹏. 爆炸荷载结构等效静载动力系数研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(10): 2088-2095.
[6]	彭虎，张进秋，张建，黄大山，韩朝帅. 并联复合式电磁悬挂模型参考多模式切换控制研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(1): 19-28.
[7]	赵雷雷，于曰伟，周长城，李晓晗. 特种车辆驾驶室减振器节流阀片开度及阻尼特性研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(4): 645-654.
[8]	孔祥韶，王旭阳，徐敬博，郑成，徐双喜，袁天, 吴卫国. 复合防护液舱抗爆效能对比试验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(12): 2438-2449.
[9]	庞辉, 陈嘉楠, 刘凯. 汽车磁流变半主动悬架系统自适应反推跟踪控制[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(7): 1430-1442.
[10]	李勇，程远胜，张攀，刘均. 空中爆炸载荷下梯度波纹夹层板抗爆性能仿真研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(6): 1131-1139.
[11]	李世尧，张卫国，侯军占，段文博，迟圣威，郭冰涛. 减振器动刚度特性研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(11): 2274-2279.
[12]	高军强，汤霞清，黄湘远，程旭维. 减振系统造成捷联惯性导航误差的有限元分析方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(9): 1570-1577.
[13]	张辉, 范宝春, 刘梦珂. 电磁力减振过渡过程的机理研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(5): 859-865.
[14]	黄大山，张进秋，刘义乐，张建. 车辆馈能悬挂系统滑模控制及能量管理策略研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(12): 2185-2195.
[15]	石秉良, 王显会, 张云, 何建清. 军用车辆底部防护研究与发展综述[J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(10): 1902-1914.