Table of Content

29 September 2001, Volume 22 Issue 3

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Paper

A Study on the Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Han-Based Liquid Droplet under a Rich-in-Water-Vapor Ambience

1：Yu Yonggang, Jin Zhiming;2:Zeng Yumin

2001, 22(3):  289-292.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.001

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Based on a suspended droplet apparatus and a high speed camera，the ignition and com?bustion properties of a HAN-based liquid propellant LPl846 droplet have been investigated under rich- in-water-vapor hot ambience. Time series photographs of the droplet from start of heating to the fully burned state are given. The characteristic parameters of the droplet are measured quantitatively. The effects of ambience factor on the characteristic patarreters are analysed. Mechanisms of droplet mi?croexplosion are discussed. A simplified engineering calculation model on the ignition of droplet is set up，and the calculated values are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The re?search results are of value to the analysis oi interior ballistic process of regenerative liquid propellant guns.

A Study of the Interior Ballistics of Submunition Dispensers with Single and Double Combustion Chambers

Zheng Pingtai, Li Aili

2001, 22(3):  293-297.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.002

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Submunition dispensers with one and two combustion chambers are introduced in this pa?per. The interior ballistics equations are established and the internal attributes are studied. Numerical results reveal the advantages and disadvantages of both devices. The research provides theoretical foundations in powder selection and the engineering design.

Two-Dimensional Two-Phase Flow Numerical Simulation of Interior Ballistic Processes in a Gun with Modular Charges

Lu Zhongbing, Zhou Yanhuang

2001, 22(3):  298-301.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.003

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This paper presents an axisymmetric two-dimensional theoretical model for the interior ballistic two-phase flow，based on the characteristics of the modular charge construction. Functions of the axial ullage between coupled modules and the annular ullage around the modules are taken into ac?count. The computed results are consistent with those from experiments at the breech and the mouth chamber. Detailed results of numerical simulation are provided.

Step-by-Step Correction in the Estimation of Radio Fuse Life Based on Bayesian Decision

1:Xiong Hailin, Deng Fanglin;2: Chen Xiangping

2001, 22(3):  302-304.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.004

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This paper presents a method of estimatioii of radio, fuse life in cemmissioEL. The method can be applied to correct the expectation of estimated life step-by-step，based on the actual invalida?tion of fuses. It thes abstains unnecessary loss of fuses to be destroyed in tests, It can also be of use to otner forms of equipment in their life estimation.

Evaluation of the CFAW Efficiency Based on the Utilization of Guidance Information

1：Zhuang Zhihong, Lu Jianwei；2：Tu Jianping,Liu Bin，Diao Hainan

2001, 22(3):  305-308.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.005

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The CFAW efficiency is an important index in weighing a fuze-and-waThead system’s overall efficiency. It is also an important basis of the fuze-and-waThead system and the guidance sys?tem. The paper studies the CFAW efficiency problem of a fuze in utilizing the guidance information. It proposes a theoretical basis and evaluation methods mation in order to improve the kill probability for the target.

Crystal Structure of Tetranitrodibenzo-I，3a,4，6a- Tetraazapentalene

1:Li Zhanxiong, Ou Yuxiang, Chen Boren;2:Wang Zheming

2001, 22(3):  309-311.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.006

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TACOT was synthesized according to reference [6] and its single crystal was obtained by cooling the saturated solution of TACOT in the mixture of DMF and acetone. The results of X-ray diffraction show that the single crystal of TACOT belongs to orthorhombic system and space group Pbca with parameters： a = 0.858 18(2)nm,6=l.143 36(4)nm，c=l.43275(5)nm；Z==4；y=l.405 83 (8)nm3；dc=l.834g/nm3. The factors which impart TACOT high density are analyzd in this paper.

Robust Filter Design of Delta-Operator Systems with Time-Varying Uncertainty and Error Variance Constraints

Shao Xijun, Yang Chengwu

2001, 22(3):  312-316.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.007

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The estimation of states is very important in the process of track association and maneu?verable target tracking. This paper studies the problem of robust filter design for Delta-operator sys?tems subjected to parameter uncertainties and estimation error variance constraints. The problem ad?dressed aims at designing robust filters not dependant on uncertainty，such that for all admissible pa?rameter perturbations，the variance of estimation error of each state is guaranteed to be not more than the individual prespecified upper bound. The ill ter matrices are obtained by solving a pair of modified Riccati equations, and the conditions of existence of the desired robust filters are also discussed. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the given approach.

A Study on Multiple Munition Telemetry Techniques

1:Sun Fayu;2:Han Wenbin

2001, 22(3):  317-319.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.008

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This paper deals with a method of realizing multiple munition telemetry with a hybridiza?tion of frequency division multiple access (FDMA)and code division multiple access (CDMA) tech?niques. Application system based on the design is carried out. Test results are given in some de?tail. The development of CDMA/FDMA techniques gives a novel approach in multiple munition telemetry.

Analysis of signal Rebuilding Performance in a Digital RF Memory

Zhang Jun ,Fei Yuanchun

2001, 22(3):  320-322.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.009

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From the point of view of power spectrum, the paper analyses the signal rebuilding per?formance of a digital RF memory (DRFM)，and presents the method of analysis and the results of typical radar signals. The paper also presents a method of reducing signal distortion with the appro?priate compensating filter, and plots the variation of normalized energy of zero-order hold signal ver?sus the center frequency of down-conversion through computer simulation.

Effect of Center Deviation on CT Reconstruction Images

Wang Zhaoba

2001, 22(3):  323-326.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.010

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It is very important to accurately measure the position of projection of the center of rota?tion in a CT scanner system. The distortion and artifact will appear in the CT when errors between the actual projection center and the measured projection center exist. The paper analyzes the effect of rotation center deviation on reconstructed images and illustrates the phenomenon by computer simula?tion and experiment.

Method of Observational Trajectory Applied to Solutions for the Fire-Equation

Sheng Andong, Hou Zhiqiang, Huang Fei, Guo Zhi

2001, 22(3):  327-329.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.011

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The paper presents a method of observational trajectory applied to digital collimator. It is supposed that the target’s velocity is invariable in a line，then the fire-eauation can be solved with only a single value of target distance. Compared with the method of numeric director, it makes full use of the target’s angular information but loosens dependence on distance information, thus providing a new approach for firepower control.

Laser Shock Processing of Small Hole

1:Zhang Hong;2:Yu Chengye;3:Wu Hongxing ,Guo Dahao

2001, 22(3):  330-333.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.012

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Laser shock processing is a new technique for surface strengthening of small holes. In this procedure，the choice of laser parameters is the critical factor. The paper investigates a method for optimizing the laser parameters used. Based upon the method，a series of laser shocking experi?ments were performed on a Q-switched neodymium glass laser. Fatigue test results show that the fa?tigue life of small holes has been greatly increased after processing ： the average fatigue life of laser- shocked holes being 2. 2 times that of unprocessed ones.

Numerical Investigation of Detonatively Deformable AimaDle Warhead

Fan Zhongbo, Zhou Shurong, Hang Yihong,Dong Shishun, Hong Tao, Tang Minjun

2001, 22(3):  334-337.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.013

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Using 2-D FCM，EPIC and 3-D DYNA non-steady elastoplastic hydrodynamic codes， key technical problems such as the selection oi initiation delay, safety of sympathetic initiation, case deforming driven by detonation，ejection control and aiming gain of fragments in detonatively de?formable aimable waThead were investigated under the condition of asymmetric and asynchronous initi?ation. The possibility of using the principle of detonatively deformable aimable to solve the difficulty that aiming gain of fragments along peripheral direction is proved. Rules that apply this principle to design the waThead are proposed.

Bifurcation Analysis for the Nonlinear Longitudinal Motion Dynamics of a Torpedo

Yang Ming, Wang Deshi, Jiang Xingzhou

2001, 22(3):  338-341.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.014

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Due to the existence of many nonlinear terms in the equations of motion of a torpedo，the linearized method has its limitation and modern analysis is necessary to deal with the nonlinearity. As an effective means for analyzing the nonlinear problems, the bifurcation theory is employed to analyze the stability of the torpedo. Center manifold is used to reduce the dimension of the system. This re?serves the whole information of the torpedo dynamics in the bifurcation equation. Bifurcation diagram shows the nonlinear effect on the motion and results in the stability，which is the transcritical bifurca?tion.

Mechanics of a Nongyroscopic North Seeking System

1:Sun Guofu, Gu Qitai ;2:Zou Hongxing,Li Yanda

2001, 22(3):  342-346.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.015

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This paper presents a scheme of a Coriolis effect based nongyroscopic north seeking sys?tem. The scheme completes the north seeking process by sensing the horizontal component of the earth’s spin rate with a rotating linear accelerometer. Besides an introduction to the basic mathemati?cal model of such a nongyroscopic north seeking system, a theoretical analysis is given to deal with the main mechanical errors of the system.

Application of the Gauss Minimum Constraint Theory in a Rigid-Flexiole Coupled System

1:Dong Longlei, Yan Guirong, Du Yanting,Yu Jianjun;2:Niu baoliang Li ronglin

2001, 22(3):  347-351.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.016

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Applying the Gauss minimum constraint theory，a finite segment modeling method is presented for a rigid-flexible coupled system. The cantilever beam’s movement with considerable range is synthesized in the model，and the system’s dynamic characteristic is expressed integrally. The simulation results and error analysis are given，which shows that the method has considerable preci?sion. The Gauss minimum constraint theory has its uniform expression，and it can reflect the system’s inertia effect. It is suitable for use in the modeling and analysis of a rigid- flexible coupled system.

Noether’s rIheorem of Non-Holonomic Systems with Unilateral Constraints Relative to Non-Inertial Reference Frame

Liang Jinghui

2001, 22(3):  352-354.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.017

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Principle of dr Alembert-Lagrange for a system relative to a non-inertial reference frame and non-isochronal variation is first presented. Noether’s theorem and her inverse theorem for the above system relative to a non-inertial reference frame are then studied，based upon the invariance of the differential variational principle under infinitesimal transformations. An example to illustrate the application of the result is finally given.

A Study of Photoluminescence and the Structural Characteristics of GaAlAs /GaAs Quantum Well Lasers

Li Mei, Song Xiaowei, Wang Xiaohua,Zhang Baoshun，Li Xueqian

2001, 22(3):  355-358.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.018

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High quality GaAlAs/GaAs quantum well (QW) structure grown on a (100) GaAs sub?strate by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system is characterized by photoiuminescence (PL) and X- ray double crystal diffraction. Interferance fringes and splitting peaks in double crystal rocking curves are analysed theoretically. The deep energy levels in affecting the characteristics of materials and lasers are also discussed. The experimental results show that the use of photoiuminescence and X-ray double crystal diffraction are very important in testing the quality of quantum wells ana improving the molecular beam epitaxy technology.

Numerical Model for Thermal Interaction between Metal/Ceramic Particles and Their Contact Interface

1:Wang Lu ,Wang Fuchi, Fan Qunbo;2:Liu Guoquan

2001, 22(3):  359-362.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.019

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The thermal interaction between metal/ceramic particles and their contact interface in the process of plasma spray is investigated numerically by means of the ANSYS finite element program. The temperature-time relation and the method of simulating temperature at the contact interface are described. In particular，the thermal interaction between different particles，including those among single metai particle (Ni) and single ceramic particle (Al2O3) and the contact interface is taken into ac?count in modeling the process of a functionally gradient material (FGM). These numerical results provide necessary theoretical basis for investigations on the firm bondage between coatings.

A Novel Method for Identifying Nonlinear Systems Using Orthogonal Wavelet Networks

Song Zhihuan, Lu Lihua, Li Ping

2001, 22(3):  363-366.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.020

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In the identilication of nonlinear system, the system inputs are usually non-uniformly distributed. The approach using orthogonal wavelet networks to resolve the problem is complex. Tins paper presents two approximative methods based on wavelet grid structure to handle this problem sim?ply and effectively. The advantages of these methods are computationally efficient and easy to use. fi?nally ，nonlinear systems are identified. The results of simulation show that the provided methods are effective and feasible.

A Study on the Bearingless Motor for a Synchro Ultra-High-Speed Camera

Cao Jianrong, Yu Lie, Xie Youbai

2001, 22(3):  367-371.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.021

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Bearingless motor is a nonlinear multivariable system with a strong coupling. In this pa?per, a decoupling control approach has been developed for a bearingless motor to drive a synchro ul?tra-high-speed camera. A nonlinear controller based on dynamic feedback linearization is designed such tnat the nonlinear system with strongly coupled motion is reduced to four decoupled normaliza?tion linear subsystems，including two rotor displacements and its speed as well as rotor flux. Linear system theory is utilized to improve the transient performance of these normalization linear subsys?tems. To verify the effectiveness of the control scheme, some simulations have been employed, and satisfactory performance of the decoupled system is obtained.

On the Application of Correlation Requirements in Structural Design

Pan Shuqing

2001, 22(3):  372-376.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.022

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Based on the national standards on geometric tolerance，the paper analyses the signifi?cance of ER (Envelope Requirement)，MMR (Maximum Material Requirement) and LMR (Least Ma?terial Requirement). Associated with accumulated practice in structural design, the paper discusses the proper recognition in the application of ER，MMR and LMR in mechanical structural design，and reaches upon the conclusion that not only can the size and shape of parts be controlled, but also the sites and locations among the elements9 thus facilitating the processing and measurement of parts， once the relevant requirements are followed in the structural design. To improve the quality of a prod?uct，lessen the cost of production, and provide effective design ideas, their application and active spread are suggested, in the structural design.

Numerical Simulation for the Low Pressure of an Engine Cylinder Head

1：Xu Hong ,Cheng Jun；2：Yang Yajie

2001, 22(3):  377-381.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.023

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Mathematical models and conditions of finding their solutions for the simulation of filling and solidification upon low pressure casting are studied. The physical and mathematical models of cav?ity and porosity predication are put forward. Simulation results for an engine cylinder head agree well with the actual results.

Short Papers

Laws of Vibration Resemblance for under-Water Vehicles Undergoing Shipping and Platform Tests

Sheng Meiping, Wang Minqing, Sun Jincai ,Yan Guanghong,Shen Zhe

2001, 22(3):  382-384.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.024

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The laws of vibration resemblance for under-water vehicles under conditions of shipping and platform tests (when provided with full power drive) are analyzed by statistical energy analysis (SEA). The resemblance is obtained between the shipping vibration levels and those on testbeds un?der full power drive. Thus it is convenient to predict the vibration levels of a shipping vehicle，and the structure-born sound levels.

Computation of Flow Field in Axisymmetric Ladder Conduct

Ju Yutao, Wu Xiaosong

2001, 22(3):  385-387.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.025

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The characteristics of flow field in contraction-extension-tube and contraction-tube are investigated by a numerical method. The results suggest that the Mach number decreases and the pressure increases when the gas spurt out from tube, while the nozzle efficiency tends to decrease.

Experimental Techniques and Analysis

Development of Data-Acquisition and Analysis System for the Automatic Shift Control System of Armored Vehicles

Chen Huiyan, Xi Junqiang, Ding Huarong

2001, 22(3):  388-392.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.026

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Data acquisition and analysis occupies one of the key positions in the capability test of the automatic shift control system in armored vehicles. It is important in improving the performance of an automatic shift control system. The paper gives an introduction to the data acquisition and analysis system，including its design principle and concepts，and the design of the system software and hard?ware.

A Study on the Safety and Application of Self-Sensitive Ammonium Nitrate

Chen Tianyun, Lu Chunxu

2001, 22(3):  393-396.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.027

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Based on a study of surface-activity theory，vacuum crystallization technique is applied to form an ammonium nitrate (AN) containing micro-holes in its crystals. The product is characterized by its ease of pulverization，having large surface area and self-sensitivity，as well as of increased deto?nating sensitivity. Its mechanical sensitivity, heat sensitivity, electric sensitivity and cap-sensitivity are also studied. The results show that the cap-sensitivity of the self-sensitive AN can be controlled in industrial processing, and that AN explosives having fine properties can be made from self-sensitive AN in place of ordinary ANs.

Research on the Mechanism of Filming on Evaporating PETN in Vacuum

Li Wei, Li Guoxin, Jiao Qingjie,Liu Shuzhen

2001, 22(3):  397-399.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.028

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Evaporating dynamite in vacuum is a kind of technology that can be adapted to fill small?sized explosive circuits. Research on the mechanism of filming is useful to study the explosive charac?teristics of the film. Under lab. conditions，PETN was evaporated to form a film. By analyzing the PETN-iilm with the infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscope，and taking into considera?tion results of former research，it can be concluded that PETN-film is a multi-crystalloid film grown up in the form oi islets.

A Study on the Grinding Force Characteristics of Electroplated CBN Quills in Face Grinding

Yan Qiusheng

2001, 22(3):  400-403.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.029

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This paper describes the grinding force characteristics of electroplated small diameter CBN quills when face grinding the bottom of deep-grooves. When face grinding with CBN quills，the grinding force increases and decreases rapidly in the initial stage of wheel grinding and increases with the cumulative wheel grinding stock removal. There are four types of CBN grain damage , viz falling off，broken，chipping and worning in down the grinding process. They cause unsteadiness in grinding force and its continued increase in grinding force.

Research Notes

Combustion Stability of Natural Gas Fueled with Pilot Diesel

Gao Qing, Li Hu ,Tian Wenkai, Zhang Jipeng,Shun Zhijun

2001, 22(3):  404-406.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.030

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Through a series of experiments the combustion characteristics of natural gas diesel dual fuel engine have been investigated. Based on this investigation, detailed studies have been per?formed about the influence of the load, speed, replacement ratio (natural gas for diesel fuel) , diesel pilot quantity, density of mixing gas (natural gas and air) and the angle of advance etc. upon the heat consumption rate of fuels，cycle variation，combustion deterioration，knocking and other characteris?tics.

A Method of Analysis for the Utilization Adhesion Coefficient and Utilization Factor of Road Adhesion Coefficient in Vehicles

Fang Yonglong ,Zhang Boying, Fu Xuezeng

2001, 22(3):  407-411.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.031

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This paper presents a method of analysis for the utilization adhesion coefficient and the u- tilization factor of road adhesion coefficient for vehicles with proportioned braking. Obviously, this method is much better yet more complicated than ones having fixea ratio braking-force distribution. Using this method the utilization adhesion coefficient of the vehicle can be realized with the propor?tional valve. Then the venicle can fulfill the ECE legislation. Furthermore，the relationship curve be?tween the utilization adhesion coefncient and the braKing capacity is found to be consistent with the curve of the utilization factor of road adhesion coefncient.

Sensitivity Analysis of System Efficacy about Terminal-Sensitive Projectiles

Huang Kun, Liu Rongzhong

2001, 22(3):  412-415.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.032

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According to the method of orthogonal experiment-based sensitivity analysis，and on the basis of an understanding of the working principles of terminal-sensitive projectile，a project testing scheme is established. On this basis ,through numerical simulation，some factors affecting system effi?cacy about terminal-sensitive projectiles are analyzed and master minor relations, optimum level and monotonicity of these influencing factor are found. Scientific foundations are thus supplied for the en?hancement of system efficacy about terminal-sensitive projectiles.

A Study on the Ignition Properties of Wet Ultrafine RDX Powder

Han Aijun, Song Hongchang, Li Fengsheng ,Yang Yi

2001, 22(3):  416-418.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.033

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In terms of the ignition mechanism and factors of influence on ultrafine powdered explo?sives ,tms paper discusses relationsmps between the critical moisture content of ignition and particle size of ultrafine RDX. Relevant mathematical model is established and tested by experiments. It pro?vides an important reference for the choice of moisture contents during the manufacturing processes of ultrafine RDX.

A Study on the Hazard of Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse (LEMP) upon Electro-Explosive Devices (EED)

1:Chen Yazhou,Liu Shanghe,Wei Guanghui, Wei Ming ;2:Qiao Zhijun

2001, 22(3):  419-422.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.034

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The mechanism through which LEMP causes damages to electro-explosive devices (EED) is analyzed according to different ways of coupling of electromagnetic energy from lightning electro?magnetic pulses to EKDs. The energy from LEMP can be coupled to EED by conduction as well as by radiation. Experimental study has been carried out on such influences through a LEMP simulation de?vice.

A Method of Fast Recognition of Huge Objects

Wang Wenhui

2001, 22(3):  423-425.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.035

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A method of recognizing huge objects from gray images is proposed. An edge image is first worked out and then thresholded. Next the binary image is processed by morphological opera?tions of erosion and dilation respectively, followed by image segmentation. Finally，the object region is selected from the segmentation results and indicated with target rectangles.

Sediment Properties of Copper-Sintered-Wolfram Nozzle with Long-Range Sustained Flight in Solid Rocket Missiles

Chen Jun, Wang Zhengshi, Dong Shiyan

2001, 22(3):  426-428.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.036

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Sedimentation properties, their regularity and relationship with the size of motors for copper-sintered-wolfram nozzles upon sustained flights in SRM are studied. Changes in nozzle throat’s dimension caused by sedimentation are found out. It matches with the experimental results very well and may present as a reference in the design of similar motors.

Structural Optimization Based on Biological Evolution

Zou Wensheng, Zuo Zhengxing ,Liao Ridong,Cai ping

2001, 22(3):  429-432.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.03.037

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The methods adopted in this paper are based on the biological evolution theory. In accor?dance with realities of structural shape optimization and topological optimization，new，easy and prac?tical methods of structural optimization are put forward and used m the structural optimization design. The examples show that the structural optimization methods based on biological evolution theory have promising prospects.