Table of Content

31 December 2001, Volume 22 Issue 4

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Paper

Design of Ultrasonic Atomization Transducer for Use with Single Point injection Gasoline Engine 492Q

1:Rong Jili;2:Ji Changwei;3:Wang Xiangdong

2001, 22(4):  433-436.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.001

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The paper describes an electronically controlled fuel atomization apparatus for use on single point injection engines 492Q, consisting of an electronic oscillator and an ultrasonic atomization transducer, The transducer vibrates ultrasonically to break up tne fuel into fine droplets. Based on the engine’s rate of fuel flow and the desired fuel droplet diameter for complete combustion, the frequency of ultrasonic vibra?tion ana its power rating are calculated. The material, structure and dimensions of the transducer are deter?mined according to ultrasonic atomization theory and fuel injection nozzle configuration. r mite element analysis is carried out to avoid possible resonance of the transducer from excitations originating in the vehi?cle.

A Study on the Movement Reliability for Hoisting Jack under a Rocket-Launcher Vehicle

Li Yenong， Shi Zukang

2001, 22(4):  437-440.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.002

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A hoisting jack is a key component for a rocket launcher vehicle, influencing the combat per?formance .It is required to support the combat vehicle reliably within the prescribed time. In this paper, dynamics equations of the mechanism are founded, based on the characteristic actions at each of the sup?porting stages. Reliability of several movements is also analyzed, and then ways to solve the reliability of movement and time are deduced.

A Hydraulic Resistance Model for Recoil Brake Based on Local Losses

1:Zhao Jianxin， Wang Xinggui;2:Zhang Honghao

2001, 22(4):  441-443.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.003

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Applying principles from hydrodynamics, and considering local losses caused from the complex structures a new hydraulic resistance model for the recoil brake is established. An example for this model accords well with the classical theory.

Interior Ballistics Model of Duplex Ammunition

Wu Zhilin

2001, 22(4):  444-447.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.004

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An interior ballistics process of duplex ammunition is described in light of its characteristics. Computational assumption of duplex arrimunition is presented and the engraving resistance model of both bullets of the duplex ammunition is ^et up, while the interior ballistics computational equations of the cartridge are built up. Based on the equations, a computational program has been drawn up. With the aid of the computational model and the program, rules of interior ballistics for a 12.7mm duplex am?munition are obtained. The computational results agree well with the experimental results.

Types of Breech Blows and-Analyses on Their Mechanisms

Jin Zhiming， Weng Chunsheng， Zhang Guoqiang

2001, 22(4):  448-451.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.005

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By statistically analyzing the causes leading to breech blows and gun damage, five types of breech blows are inducted in tnis paper, namely, (I) undesirable charge design causing propellant grains fracture; (2) impinging load causing explosive blast in projectile; (3) malfunctioning of fuse causing explo?sive blast; (4) defect of projectile or explosive causing breech blows;（3) dirty bore causing breech blows. On the basis of the above analysis, causes of breech blows and mechanisms for each type of breech blow are studied in detail.

Ballistic Characteristics of Rocket Assisted Torpedo

Xue Xiaozhong， Shao Daxie， Jin Youbing

2001, 22(4):  452-455.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.006

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This paper analyses a rocket assisted torpedo ’ s aerial motion, water entry motion and under?water motion. It establishes equations of motion for each phase and presents the ballistic characteristics of each section. It thus provides a basis for the design and calculation of rocket assisted torpedoes.

Variation of Interior-Ballistics Characteristics of Bullets on Storage by Neural Network

1：Wang Xiaofeng， Jiang Xingwei；2：Liu Woye， Meng Zhanhai

2001, 22(4):  456-458.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.007

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A pilot study has been done on the variations in the physical, chemical and interior-ballistics characteristics of bullets in storage. It analyzed the factors of influence on the interior-ballistics capabilities, and established a neural network model for the interior-ballistics capabilities. By this neural network model are calculated the results of every factors of influence affecting the interior-ballistics capabilities of the bullets in storage.

Calculation of Specification Spectrum of Independent Redundancy Safety & Arming System

Lu Jing， Cheng Xiang， Hu Yuxiang， Ju Min

2001, 22(4):  459-463.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.008

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The redundancy safety & arming system of a certain fuze is discussed. With the specification spectrum, the paper comprehensively values the circumstances of shock, upon concrete, asphalt, soil as well as steel, when the projectile-fuze system falls ooliquely on them. Typical signals are studied. The work is beneficial in the design for safety and testing for fuzes.

A Method for Calculating the Start-Up Delay-Time and Detonating Azimuth of a Radar Fuze

Diao Hainan

2001, 22(4):  464-467.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.009

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A method for calculating the start-up delay-time and detonating azimuth of a radar proximity fuze is presented. The time-changing process and its parameters when a missile encounters a target and when the fragment of directional waThead bursts are described. Based on the GIF (Guidance Integrated Fuze) principle, the mathematical model within three dimensions is analyzed, and is used in the coordina?tion between the proximity fuze and the directional waThead of a tactical missile, as well as in the missile’s vector- undershooting- range radar measurement.

On the Testing and Estimation of Uniform Distribution in a Circle

Jin Wenqi， Cui Deshan， Deng Bo

2001, 22(4):  468-472.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.010

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This paper gives a method of assessing the tactical and technical indices of cartridge ejection u- niformity. It was proposed when testing some type of weapon systems. On the supposition that points of fall of cartridges from a shrapnel have an uniform distribution in a circle, the density function g(r, θ) and distribution function G(r, θ) of two-demensional random variable (R, θ), are derived and discussed. The uniformity of distribution is tested with the ω2 test method. On the basis, and utilizing the nature of distri?bution of random variable R, is derived the formula for an equivalent radius Re and the estimated nature discussed. In order to describe the uniformity of cartridges ejected, the analytical expression describing quantitatively the uniformity index J is given through the derivation.

A Study on the Flight Characteristics of a Projectile in Its Gliding Phase

Ding Songbin， Wang Zhongyuan， Ma Zhongshan

2001, 22(4):  473-476.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.011

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Mathematical model of motion for a projectile in the gliding phase is established on the as?sumption that it flies steadily, according to the characteristics of flight of the gliding projectile. The state e- quations of the projectile under disturbed motion are derived under the assumption of small disturbance, and some natural characteristics and manipulative characteristics of the flying projectile in its gliding phase are also analyzed. The variable relation of the projectile’s obliquity and angle of attack is finally derived. The results presented are of reference value for the design of the gliding projectile.

An Analytical Model for a Bullet Penetrating Normally on a Target of Ceramic/Aluminium Alloy

Du Zhonghua ，Zhao Guozhi

2001, 22(4):  477-480.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.012

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On the basis of experiments of ceramic/aluminum alloy composite targets penetrated by bul?lets, the paper establishes a dynamic response model of thin plate under the effect of impact load. With the given conditions of target the model simulates the ballistic limiting velocity under the effect of impact load. The model is compared with other models and validated by experiment. The experimental conclusion is in accord with numerical result.

Numerical Simulation for the Formation of Liquid Fuel Air Cloud

Ding Jue, Liu Jiacong

2001, 22(4):  481-484.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.013

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In order to explore the problem of liquid fuel explosive dispersal, mathematical and physical models are established to depict the initial period of formation and the development process for the fuel-air cloud. For the initial period of gas-liquid movement (near-field regime), a one-dimensional uniform phase model is proposed to depict the motion of detonation product and liquid fuel ring, by using a method of moving boundary to treat the moving outer boundary. For the later process of multi-phase flow (far-field regime), a two-dimensional multi-phase flow model is established. Moreover, a computer program for de?scribing the whole process is established. I ne profiles of physical parameters in the expanding fuel-air cloud are predicted by numerical simulation, and the shape of expanding fuel-air cloud computed is in good agree?ment with the experimental data.

A Study on Micro Air-Bubbles in the Self-Sensitization Theory of Expanded Ammonium Nitrate

Lu Chunxu, Lu Ming, Chen Tianyun ,Ye ZhiWen

2001, 22(4):  485-488.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.014

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The foundation of the self-sensitization theory of expanded ammonium nitrate (AN) lies in the hot-spot hypothesis of such explosives, where the hot-spots in the initiation of expanded ammonium nitrate concur with the micro sized air bubbles. In this Daoer are discussed the formation and protection of micro air bubbles in expanded AN, characteristics of the surface structure of micro air bubbles, their state of distribu?tion and regularity in expanded AN.

An Analysis on the Dynamic Measurement of Combustion Behavior of Solid Propellents

1:Wang Zhi;2:Wang Songbai

2001, 22(4):  489-491.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.015

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The dynamic behaviors of a solid propellent in combustion under pressure is of great impor?tance. Some results of measurrnent through laser combustion velocity equipment have to be studied critical?ly- In this paper the results of dynamic measurement of propellent combustion are put under analysis and a method of correction is proposed.

An Extended Kalman Filtering Algorithm Based on Circular Array Measurement

Zhu Longshi

2001, 22(4):  492-495.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.016

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With an aim to enhance the precision of passive location of an acoustic target, an extended Kalman filtering algorithm on circular array is developed. Measurement of time delays is first processed, non-linear observation equation of the Kalman filter is then linearized using the Taylor series. The pre-pro?cessed time delays are used as the observation values in the equation of observation. Results of computer simulation showed that it has good, filtering and tracking performances.

An Image-Based Synthesis Tracking Algorithm for Quick Moving Objects

1:Cheng Xiangquan, Gtio Zhi ,Yu Hai, Qi Guoqing;2:Li Xianfeng, Yin Kaibao

2001, 22(4):  496-499.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.017

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This paper presents an image-based synthesis tracking algorithm for quick spatial object. It can effectively deal with problems arising from differences in the environment, time or object, and therefore can be used to track spatial moving objects in complicated cases.

Analysis of the Quantization Error Performance of Amplitude Quantization Digital RF Memory

1:Zhang Jun, Fei Yuanchun;2:Lin Biying

2001, 22(4):  500-503.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.018

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In order to study the quantization error performance of the amplitude digital RF memory (DRrM) and the effect on the system, the paper analyzes and compares the signal-band energy and the spur energy of the limited resolution quantization with those from unlimited resolution quantization from the point of the quantization process of a typical radar signal. Some rules and results of computation for the quantization error of the DRFMs are found. The results will be helpful in the design, selection and analysis of DRFMs.

An Improved Algorithm for the Passive Acoustic Direction Orientation of Helicopters

1:Chen Huawei, Zhao Junwei ;2:Cai Zongyi,Xu Xuezhong

2001, 22(4):  504-507.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.019

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In this paper, the application of phase spectrum time delay estimation (PSTDE) in helicopter passive acoustic orientation is presented, and an approach for improving the accuracy of PSTDE is pro?posed .Computer simulation with the helicopter noise under various conditions is also included . The given approach is tested to be effective and the simulation results show that it has better estimation accuracy and robustness ? It is concluded that the approach has its value and perspective in its engineering applications.

A Measuring System for the Spatial Laser Wave Field of a Laser Beam Missile Guidance System

Li Songming, Huang Keyan, Xu Rongfu

2001, 22(4):  508-511.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.020

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This paper introduces a measuring system to measure the performance of the spatial laser wave field of a laser beam guiding system in a missile system. Principle of the laser beam guiding instrument is analyzed, and schemes for the measuring system are given. The system consists of the track, scanning laser detector, the computer for data acquisition and tne controls. The track can be set at three different azimuth (0°, 45°, 90°)，and the detector is able to move step by step on the track, scanning the full laser wave field, The computer is used to control the movement on the track and the detector, meanwhile collecting, saving data, displaying the measuring result, and printing it out when necessary. The measuring system can be used for both static measuring and real time watching. The system has been checked and accepted. All the performance parameters meet the designed demands.

A Study of Equipment Fault Forecasting Model Based on Fuzzy Judging

Huang Jingde, Wang Xinggui, Wang Zuguang

2001, 22(4):  512-515.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.021

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Based on fuzzy synthetic judging theory, the paper puts forward a dynamic fuzzy fault fore?casting model, and discusses certain approaches of dynamic fuzzy relationship matrices. The paper also in?troduces some examples of applications.

A Study on the Piezoelectric Property of LBO Crystals

Li Jianli ,Liu Jinghe, Li Yanhong ,Zhang Liang, Xing Hongyan, Xu Bin

2001, 22(4):  516-519.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.022

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Using the Cz method have been grown Φ30mm X 30mm single crystals of LBO. The propor?tion of materials, mechanism of growth, piezoelectric property and application of Li2B4O7 crystal have been studied. Measurements on their properties as crystal resonator, pressure-controlled oscillator and piezoelec?tricity devices indicate that this crystal is a kind of new piezoelectric crystalline materials having potential- market applications.

Effect of Friction between Teeth on the Bending Fatigue Stress at the Root of Gear Tooth

Xu Furen, Shen Wei

2001, 22(4):  520-524.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.023

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A systematic study is made on the main factors affecting the bending fatigue stress at the tooth root of an idler’s teeth in an increasing-speed gearing. Formulas are derived for calculating the bending fa?tigue stress at the root of teeth when subjected to actual external loads, considering the sliding friction. It has been proved, that under sucn occasions the effect of iriction should not be neglected.

Numerical Simulation for the Process of Hydrostatic Extrusion of Tungsten Alloys with Different Die contours

Wang Fuchi, Zhang Zhaohui, Li Shukui

2001, 22(4):  525-528.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.024

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Numerical simulation for the process of hydrostatic extrusion of tungsten alloys with different die contours is carried out using software ANSYS5.5. The extrusion pressure, stress-strain distribution and pressure on the surface of the die with different die contours have been obtained, which provide a theoretical basis to optimize the extrusion parameters on the process of hydrostatic extrusion of tungsten alloys.

Shift Changing on a Caterpillar with Split Path Transmission during Steering

Chen Huiyan, Fang Qiu, Ding Huarong

2001, 22(4):  529-532.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.025

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The necessity of shift changes for a caterpillar with split path transmission during steering is analyzed and an auto-shift control device is presented in the paper. Bench tests indicate that auto-shift con?trol benefits the performance of the vehicle during steering.

Experimental Techniques and Analysis

Brazilian Test and Its Application in the Study of the Mechanical Properties of Explosives

Chen Pengwan, Huang Fenglei, Zhang Yu, Ding Yansheng

2001, 22(4):  533-537.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.026

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Some basic concepts of Brazilian test and its applications in the study of mechanical properties of explosives are reviewed. A brazilian test system was designed, established, and used to study the me?chanical properties of PBXN-5 .A simple viscoelastic theory was used to analyze the Brazilian test. Its sim?plicity and low cost ensured it as an efficient way to characterize mechanical properties of explosive materi?als. General applicability of the technique developed in this paper for explosive materials is emphasized.

An Experimental Study on the Formation of Internal Helical Elements inside a Cylindrical Space by Cold Extrusion

1:Wu Jinyou,Cai Zhiping;2: Kuzniepsov D P

2001, 22(4):  538-541.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.027

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This paper analyzes the mechanical characteristics oi internal helical gear manufactured by cold extrusion through the dividing grid method. Experimental results give the strain characteristics of different zones, magnitude of stress-strain in the zones of deformation, demonstrate the outside boundary of the de?formation zone, and point out the zones vulnerable to destructions. The results provide a basis to the calcu?lation of deformation forces.

Research Notes

A Study on Intelligent Fuel-Cut-Off Device for Diesel Engines

Huang Guansheng, Zhang Qinliang ,Zhang Youming

2001, 22(4):  542-544.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.028

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It is an important aspect for the evaluation of the general perforrnance of the modern vehicle, that the security oi its driving and controlling of its daily-management. It is especially necessary for the heavy vehicle and the special vehicle. An intelligent fuel-cut-off device for vehicular diesel engines is put for?ward. It can carry out the cutting off of fuel supply to stop vehicles on states of emergency, and can proper?ly implement and meter the vehicle’s fuel supply in its daily-management.

Discharge Behavior of Plasma Generator Free Injection

Dai Rong, Li Baoming, Ning Guangjiong, Dong Jiannian

2001, 22(4):  545-548.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.029

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Systematic experimental study on the discharge behavior of plasma generator free injection is carried out combined with numerical analysis. After hundreds of discharge experiments under conditions of different capillary geometrical parameters, ablation materials, and PrN parameters, comprehensive experi?mental discharge behavior of the free injection plasma generator has been worked out.

Nonlinear Dynamic Response of the Vehicle Body for a Self-Propelled Gun

Wang Changwu, Chu Zhiyuan, Min Jianping, Chen Yunsheng

2001, 22(4):  549-552.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.030

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The paper focuses on the contact algorithm, stiffness matrix and load vector of contact ele?ments based on theory of nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) .The nonlinear FEA model of the vehicle body of a self-propelled gun when iiring is established with the nonlinear spring-damper element，shell ele?ment, contact element etc .The inherent characteristic and dynamic response of vehicle body of the self-pro?pelled gun upon firing are obtained by solving the problem of nonlinear contact between the suspension of the self-propelled gun and the earth.

One-DimenSional Range-Correction Module for a Mortar Fuze

Li Jie, Ma Baohua

2001, 22(4):  553-555.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.031

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The primary purpose of a study on the range correction device in fuzes is to improve the effec?tiveness of indirect fire from the infantry mortar without increasing the logistics burden on soldiers. The ob?jective of a range correction device is to provide a smart munition capable of reducing range error, thus in-- creasing the destruction probability. Advances in microelectronics, sensors, and power supplies have made it possible to produce a miniature, one-dimensional range-correction device for the mortar. The key prob?lems involved in the range correction device in the mortar fuze are briefly studied in the paper, wishing to form a basis for further study in design work.

A Sludy on the Destruction Effect of the “AHEAD” Projectile to a Missile Target

Li Xiangdong, Zhang Yunfa, Wei Huizhi

2001, 22(4):  556-559.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.032

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A model to calculate and analyze the damage efficiency of AHEAD projectile to a missile target is established in the paper. The working principle of AHEAD projectile, the spacial distribution of subpro?jectiles after separation of the shell and velocity characteristics are analyzed. The movement and properties of change of the subprojectiles cloud and the process of encounter of the- target and cloud are then studied and the interception condition is deduced. Finally, according to the concrete encounter scene of .the target and subprojectiles cloud m conjunction with the damage criteria of target department, the damage efficiency of a single AHEAD projectile to a missile is obtained.

Experimental Investigation of Explosion Effects of Fuel Air Explosive by Various Device Structures

Zhang Qi, Bai Chunhua ,Liu Qingming, Liu Changlin

2001, 22(4):  560-562.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.033

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Experimental results of the explosion effects of Fuel Air Explosive (FAE) in four kinds of de?vice structures are studied. The experimental results have shown that even distribution of the FAE cloud is the most important factor affecting explosion for the single event FAE. The explosion actions of high explo?sives which are not located m centers of the devices will make the FAE cloud unevenly distributed around the central axis of the devices, so that the explosion effects become worsened. Charge of high explosive in the centeral axis of the device is favorable to improvements in the explosion effects of single event FAE.

Use of Permanent Magnet in Enhancing the Dimensional Precision of Electro Chemical Machining

Fan Zhijian, Wang Tiancheng ,Li Fuyuan,Xu Zhehua,Ji Jufang

2001, 22(4):  563-565.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.034

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A new method is proposed in this paper through the use of a permanent magnet in the ECM equipment. Distribution of magnetic flux is analyzed when processing steel workpieces with the direction of applied magnetic field are parallel and transverse to that of the cathode feed. Difference between the addi?tion of permanent magnet with and without electromagnetic field is analyzed. Experiments showed that processing of steel workpieces in a NaNC^ electrolyte combined with a permanent magnet resulted in the re?duction of scattered causterization and it is easy to assemble the permanent magnet fixtures. All these demonstrate that the method is of practical value for industrial applications.

Application of Neural Fuzzy Technology in the System of Guarantee for the Working Procedure Quality in Flexible Proccessing

Zhang Jianli, Li Gang ,Yu Yan,Tao Liyan, Kuai Xiaojun

2001, 22(4):  566-569.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2001.04.035

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The paper analyzes sources of error and the error mapping relationship, syncretizes the virtues of the neural network and fuzzy theory, and builds up the fuzzy model based on neural network. This has proved to result in better effect in a system of guarantee for working procedure quality in the flexible pro?cessing of certain key workpieces.