Table of Content

29 September 2007, Volume 28 Issue 9

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Paper

Simulation of Variable Cam Timing Control System Based on Fuzzy-PID

YAO Chun-de, LIU Xiaoping

2007, 28(9):  1025-1029.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.001

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A fuzzy-PID control system was applied to a hydraulically-operated continuous variable cam timing (VCT) now in the mainstream of variable valve actuation systems. Through analysis of the hy?draulic system, a VCT mathematical model was set up. Aiming at non-liner and time varying charac?teristics of the hydromechanical mechanism of the VCT system driven by hydraulic oil, we proposed fuzzy-PID control strategy. Based on the detailed analysis to response state of PID control, the fuzzy- PID controller was proposed and designed by the fuzzy control technology. A model was established and simulated by the MATLAB code with strong capabilities of engineering calculation and number analysis. The results of simulation indicate that the fuzzy-PID control has better actuating performance compared with PID control; the control algorithm is simple in structure, good in real time capability, fast in response and can preferably satisfy control request.

Testing Research on Physiological and Psychological Factor of Armored Vehicle Crew Reliability

CAO Wei-guo, LIU Wei-ping, CHAO Zhi-qiang, WANG Rong-hui

2007, 28(9):  1030-1035.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.002

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The basic meaning of physiological and psychological quality of armored vehicle crew was an?alyzed, and the content of physiological and psychological factor test of armored vehicle crew reliability was confirmed together with the examination of tank driving, such as the abilities of depth perception, double-arm harmony, attention focus, attention allocation and reaction, etc. The tested results were processed by break off both ends method and analyzed by the combined method of the comparison of probability density distribution between A and B groups and Wilson examination. The analysis results show that if the crew abilities are higher, its reliability is also higher; the proposed method is possessed of a certain guiding meaning for selecting crews.

Finite Element Transfer Matrix Method of Multibody System for Naval Gun Vibration Analysis

RUI Xiao-ting, YU Hai-long, HE Bin, LU Yu-qi, WANG Gong-lian, YANG Fu-feng

2007, 28(9):  1036-1040.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.003

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To ensure good firing precision and good dynamical performance, naval gun vibration fre?quency must be reasonably distributed. Finite element transfer matrix method of multibody system was established. Natural vibration characteristic of naval gun was studied from the aspects of theory, calcu?lation and test. Vibration characteristic was calculated by using finite element transfer matrix method of muitibody system and modal test was completed for a certain naval gun. The modal test results are in compliance with the calculated results.

The Design and Realization in the Special Dynamical Simulation System-ADAMS/ GUN for Automatic Weapon

WANG Ya-ping, WANG Yong-juan, XU Cheng, LI Feng

2007, 28(9):  1041-1045.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.004

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The special dynamical simulation system-ADAMS/GUN for automatic weapon was devel?oped, including the developing process and the realizing method. According to the different uses of ADAMS/ GUN, each design idea was proposed. The overall structure shown the relationship among the modules and the data bases for the system was designed, rhe realizing methods of the systematic plan and the realizing process of the functional module taking human-gun system for example were giv?en. One example of the human-gun system simulation in ADAMS/GUN was run. ADAMS/GUN is of significant importance to shortening the period of developing weapon, improving design efficiency and quality.

A Three-stage Model for the Perforation of Moderately Thick Metallic Plates

JIANG Zhi-gang, ZENG Shou-yi, ZHOU Jian-ping

2007, 28(9):  1046-1052.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.005

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Taking account of fracture of the back surface of target, the finite spherical cavity expansion approximation and the two-stage penetration model were modified to develop a new three-stage perfo?ration model for moderately thick metallic plates struck by a rigid projectile. A new concept called frac?ture penetration depth was proposed, which refers to the maximum penetration depth before the back face of the plate cracks. Closed-form equations for the fracture penetration depth and equations for the penetration resistance force on the projectile head were derived for a conical-head projectile with a small spherical tip which simulates the truncated nose of real projectiles. Penetration resistance force, residu?al velocity-penetration depth history, ballistic limit and final residual velocity of the projectile were ob?tained numerically by solution of the equation for projectile motion with Runge-Kutta method. The predicted, results are in good agreement with previously published test data. The present model is appli?cable to those perforation problems where the length of the projectile head is larger or less than the plate thickness.

An Algorithm for Multi-resolution Dynamic Terrain

ZHANG Qi, SUN Wei, SUN Feng,SUN Shao-wen

2007, 28(9):  1053-1057.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.006

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The real time visualization of the dynamic terrain is the key point in the development of the vehicle training simulation system. The character of existing level of detail (LOD) terrain algorithms were studied. In order to meet the dynamic terrain requirements and adapt to the current system graphic hardware performance, a novel multi-resolution dynamic terrain algorithm based on ^e- oMipMap algorithm was proposed. Tl he novel algorithm can better generate continuous LOD terrain model, and support real time changes of height field and brightness. The experimental result proves the novel algorithm applied to visualization system to be feasible and efficient.

Research on Information Fusion of C4ISR System Based on XML

CHEN Chun-yong, SHI Jin-fei

2007, 28(9):  1058-1062.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.007

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Information fusion is an important part of modern C4SR system, and plays a decisive role in improving the efficiency of C4ISR. Because of the excellent data description and data extractive func?tions of XML, the battle information expressing schema of C4ISR system based on XML was defined, and the battle information expressing was standardized through an example of artillery reconnaissance report based on XML. The method of data mining based on XML was proposed. On the basis of above mentioned working, all kinds oi battle information could be fused rapidly, to obtain tne evaluation of battlefield situation and threat and provide the reference information of campaign decision-making for commander in read time.

An Enhanced Method of Subset Difference Key Management

WANG Shun-man, XU Kai, WANG Zheng,XIANG Li-kun, JIN Zhao-hui

2007, 28(9):  1063-1069.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.008

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A subset difference (SD) key management method is very suitable to the member change circumstance in MANET. The amount of transmission of cipher text was reduced by a pseudo random number generator on the basis of SD method. In SD algorithm, a sender has to test all possible combi?nations of revoked users, an exhaustive search may take 0( r3) time. For solving the problem, an ef?ficient algorithm was proposed by an introduced technique for indexing nodes to be dealt with in the necessary subsets in order to reduce search time to O ( rlogr X Iogn ). I he SD key management with self-restorative function was proposed on the basis of analyzing the cases of missing key for systematic members. Finally, the realizing processes of the improved method were given and the system perfor?mance was analyzed.

Online Condition Monitoring System for Large-scale Mobile Multi-electromechanical Equipment

CAO Jian-jun, ZHANG Pei-lin, SHI Zhi-yong,REN Guo-quan, FU Jian-ping

2007, 28(9):  1070-1074.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.009

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The overall and real-time online condition monitoring for mobile large-scale multi-electrome?chanical equipment is a problem that has not been resolved totally. According to the different functions of the detecting devices on equipment, a classifying criterion of the online condition monitoring system for large-scale mobile multi-electromechanical equipment was set up. The black-box function model and the white-box function model of detecting devices were defined, and the grey-box function model was proposed. The structure of condition monitoring system based on the each function model was de?scribed briefly. The characteristics of black-box system were analyzed deeply, and its application scope and limitation was pointed out. The technological bottleneck, the limitation and the theory meaning of white-box system were indicated. The realization of grey-box structure system was explained in terms of hardware and software separately. Its superiority was demonstrated through an example. The theo?retical foundation for the development of practical online condition monitoring system for mobile large- scale multi-electromechanical equipment is offered. The grey-box system offers beneficial conferences for the design and manufacture of intended large-scale mobile and intellectual equipment.

Evaluation Model of Large-scale Bridge’s Viability Based on AHP-FUZZY Algorithm

YANG Min, YAN Jun, OUYANG Yan-hua, ZHANG Jiang

2007, 28(9):  1075-1081.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.010

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To evaluate a large-scale bridge’s viability on wartime, an index system for the bridge’s via?bility on wartime was set up. The weights of the index system were worked out by using analytic hier?archy process (AHP) . An integrated evaluation model was developed with the algorithm of the fuzzy multistage judgment and the membership grades were determined with the qualitative and quantitative methods. A typical example was given to demonstrate how to use the model to evaluate the bridge’s viability on wartime. By utilizing the result of the evaluation, the effective measures which are benefit to the bridge ’ s safety can be taken to improve the bridge，s viability.

Numerical Calculation on Driving Magnetic Field of GMM Actuator for Servo Valve

WANG Chuan-li, DING Fan

2007, 28(9):  1082-1086.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.011

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The principle of the actuator with local GMM was proposed. The driving forms and magnet?ic circuits of GMA were analyzed. Based on the axial symmetric FEM model of the GMA, magnetic field was numerically computed with FEM method, and the laws of magnetic field distribution and magnetic induction strength alone axial line in different input currents were gained by using FEM method. The comparison of the magnetic induction strengths of GMA at different input currents be?tween the measured and the calculated with FEM shows that the model is correct for both have almost identical result. And the results provide theoretical basis for the prediction of the magnetic field distri?bution and the further optimization design of GMA.

Research on Technical Process Reconfiguration for Mobilization Production of Weapon and Equipment

HU Xiao-qiu, XU Cheng

2007, 28(9):  1087-1091.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.012

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The mobilization production of weapon and equipment is different from others. Reorganizing technical process is one of the key technologies. Based on the reconfigurable theory, the principle and way of reorganizing technical process were proposed on the premise of meeting resource restraint and production batch. The manufacturing resource database and the model of estimating resource capability were constructed. The match of processes and equipment was discussed in detail. By improving the model of assigning problem and using Hungary algorithm, the result of match could be gained. At last, a numerical example was illustrated to validate this proposed method.

Comprehensive Reviews

Wheeled Vehicle Research in Army Strategic Transition

GAO Shu-xin, JIANG Yong-lin, WANG Li-min

2007, 28(9):  1092-1095.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.013

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The development of weaponry is directed by the operational thoughts ana pushed ahead by the operational demands in a war. The army strategic transition leads to the new demand for the devel?opment of weaponry. The wheeled vemcle, as one of the important land mobility platforms, should meet the needs of the development of weaponry in the expectation of the army transition; and the ca?pabilities of maneuver, assault, viability and intelligence have to be increased.

Connectivity in Wireless Sensor Networks

LIU Li-ping, WANG Zhi, SUN You-xian

2007, 28(9):  1096-1102.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.014

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It is primary goal, emphasis and difficulty in WSN design, to prolong the lifetime and im?prove the quality of service of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) . The connectivity in WSNs is dis?cussed in the view of design goals, t irstly, the basic characters and criterion of the network connectivi?ty are analyzed and summarized, including the optimal number of neighbor nodes and the critical val?ue, node density and communication range. Secondly, the relationship between connectivity and cov?erage is studied on, deployment algorithms are discussed considering both coverage and connectivity, the topology control is put forward for discussion to reduce energy consumption. At last, the experi-ment design and characters in application are analyzed. The latest development about connectivity is summarized in the paper, furthermore, the chief difficulty and the progressing aspect are proposed in detail.

An Analysis on the Crucial Problems and New Techniques Concerning Photoelectric Camouflage of Ground Targets

HU Bi-ru, WU Wen-jian, MAN Ya-hui,WANG Jian-fang

2007, 28(9):  1103-1106.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.015

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Facing the present status of camouflage and defence, crucial problems, existing in camou?flage net, smoke screen and decoy for use as ground targets，photoelectric defence, were analyzed. Aiming Jiigh-tech reconnaissance and detection, new demands for camouflage techniques including wide area camouflage defence, moving target defence, effective evaluation for photoelectric counter?measures and soldier’s camouflage clothing systems were pointed out. Some new concepts and tech?niques of camouflage defence, such as artificial fog without flame, IR thermal image, simulation de?coy, adaptive camouflage and bionic camouflage for the ground targets, were put forward.

Short Papers

Simulation Training Technology Study of Photoelectric Sighting Device in the Antiaircraft Weapon System

QIAN Yun-sheng, GUO Xian-cheng, GAO Qiang, CHANG Ben-kang

2007, 28(9):  1107-1109.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.016

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Training simulator can provide virtual aerial objects for antiaircraft weapons to solve the problem that antiaircraft trainings are difficult to be carried out. The training simulator of photoelectric sight devices with video monitor is introduced, including the principle, hardware and software. The results show that the training simulator can simulate the entire antiaircraft trainings composed of aim?ing, tracking, range measuring, angular advance calculating and firing. The simulation effect is effec?tive, and with good real-time character.

Research Notes

Analysis on the Steering of Tracked Vehicles

CHENG Jun-wei, GAO Lian-hua, WANG Hong-yan, LIU Feng

2007, 28(9):  1110-1115.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.017

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The steering rule of tracked vehicles was analyzed at the relative skidding of ground and track within ground contact area. Expressions of pulling force, brake force, turning resistance mo?ment, turning radius and turning angular speed were deduced under the conditions of uniform pressure distribution and concentrated ground-contact-load for the steering. Plane motion equations were solved by means of iterations. A real vehicle test was carried out to compare with the models. The results show that the models are reasonable, in the case of uniform pressure distribution, the turning radius is larger than that given by the traditional steering theory, and the angular speed in turning is lower than that given by the traditional steering theory. Steering with concentrated ground-contact-load is more difficult.

Research on Amphibious Vehicle Body Design Concepts for Raising Its Navigation Speed

LI Yu-liang, PAN Shuang-xia

2007, 28(9):  1116-1121.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.018

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Since the amphibious vehicle has a small body and large mass, raising the lift-dray ratio is a key to decrease the velocity at which the vehicle nose takes off water surface, to reduce the resistance and to realize high speed navigation. The method with which the body wall is meshed was proposed by the theories of boundary layer and turbulence simulation. I he performance on water was calculated parallelly and numerically and contrasted by the volume of fluid multiphase flow model at different schemes of the venicle body and velocities oi the vehicle. The results illustrate that enlarging the attack angle and adding the side hydrofoil on the skirting plate are useful for improving lift-drag ratio coeffi?cient.

A New Method of Correcting Distance Error in Test-fire Based on Measuring Distance and Bearing

GUAN Qing-yun, WANG De-hu

2007, 28(9):  1122-1126.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.019

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A new type of ship-borne gun weapon system could accurately correct muzzle velocity error after equipped with the radar of measuring velocity. In order to improve the precision while the new system corrects distance error, a new method was proposed by error analysis and emulation computa?tion. The new method has some referenced values in equipment design and campaign’s usage.

Application of Hybrid Optimization Strategy Algorithm Based on Tabu Search and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms for Weapon-target Assignment Problems

DING Zhu, MA Da-wei, YU Cun-gui, ZHANG Xue-feng

2007, 28(9):  1127-1131.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.020

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The weapon-target assignment (WTA) is very important to ground air-defense command systems. The math model of WTA was established. A novel hybrid optimization strategy (HOS) algo?rithm, based on particle swarm optimization(PSu) and tabu search (TS) algorithms was proposed to solve WTA pro Diems. The simulation result shows that, compared with other algorithms, the HOS al?gorithm is excellent in the optimization performance and time performance in WTA5 especially, in solving large-scale problems.

Modeling and Simulating of Rigid-flexible Coupling Containing Clearance for an Assault Rifle Automatic Mechanism

DONG Xue-hua, WANG Ya-ping, XU Cheng

2007, 28(9):  1132-1137.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.021

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The kinematics/dynamics characteristics are its design key technologies. At present, the virtual prototype method used for simulation analysis is the most advanced and effective. A reasonable simulation model is particularly important. The automatic mechanism characteristics of an assault rifle can be accurately described by the rigid-flexible model containing clearance and considering variously actual factors. I he model was founded by defining restriction, contact, lubrication and load among the parts of automatic mechanism on the ADAMS. The simulating results tally with the experiment re?sults, testiiymg the model correctness, opening out the main parts kinematics/dynamics characteris?tics, providing a new method for designing firearms.

Red Phosphorus Smoke Usage Characteristic and Optimal Extinction Diameter to Emissions of Infrared Laser

WANG Xuan-yu, PAN Gong-pei

2007, 28(9):  1138-1143.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.022

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In a middle-size smoke chamber, the granularity distributions of red phosphorus smoke were tested at different times. The capacity to produce smoke, the free sedimentation speed of the smoke and the attenuation coefficients for the smoke particles to many electromagnetic waves were calculated and the multiband extinction characteristic of red phosphorus smoke and its application in integrated smoke were analyzed. The results show that the average particle diameter of the smoke is between 0.5 μm and 13 μm; the capacity to produce smoke is between 3.9 and 22.9; from visible light to far in?frared of 14 μm, the attenuation coefficients of the smoke are between 200/m and 41.67/m; the sedi?mentation speed of the smoke is far smaller than 0.007 m/s, and the combined smoke lias a better ex?tinction performance than itself. The absorption, scattering and extinction efficiency factors of the smoke with various diameters to 1.06 μm, 3.39 μm and 10.6 μm laser were calculatcd according to Mie scattering theory. I ne calculated results show that the absorption in extinction effect is dominant at the much smaller particle diameter than the incident wavelength; the scattering function is increased with the increase of particle diameter; the absorption is consistent with the scattering when the particle diameter is close to the incident wavelength; the optimal extinction diameters of the smoke are 9.0 μm and 4.0 μm for infrared laser emissions of wavelength 10.6 μm and 3.39 μm.

Simulation Detection Model of Lead Calculation of Optoelectronic Sight

JIANG Tao，YU Zheng-lin, SU Cheng-zhi,CAO Guo-hua, GUO Xiao-bo

2007, 28(9):  1144-1147.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.023

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The lead of the optoelectronic sight is a lead value of weapon hitting points relative to target current points in pitch and azimuth on the case of hitting moving targets. It directly determines the hitting accuracy of weapons. A detection model for the lead algorithm of optoelectronic sight was pro-posed .The parameter equations of the target flight path were deduced by a established simulation coor?dinate system. Taking aim at the typical flignt-path, we gave reasonable flight-path points by adopting polynomial fitting. On the basis of the measured coordinate parameters such as the azimuth angle, pitching angle, slant distance and fire table and so on, the simulation detection model of the lead of pitch and azimuth was deduced by using the method of parabola interpolation. The experiment shows that it is reliaole to use this simulation model for detecting the accuracy of the lead calculation of the optoelectronic sight. This model offers a new method for detecting the lead calculation of the optoelec?tronic sight.

Application of Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control to Rocket Launcher Electro hydraulic Position Servo System

GAO Qiang, WANG Li, QIAN Lin-fang

2007, 28(9):  1148-1152.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.09.024

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An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control approach was proposed to control the electro-hy?draulic position servo system of a certain type of rocket launcher. The proposed technique has two mer?its. nrst, the equivalent controller is substituted by an adaptive fuzzy system constructed based on the switching function and its change rate, so the design of equivalent control system is independent of an accurate mathematical model which is difficult to obtain in practice. Second, the thickness of the boundary layer is tuned online by a fuzzy system which is designed based on the chattering variable and the absolute value of the switcnmg function, therefore the chattering problem is also avoided. The sim-ulation results show that the proposed approach can guarantee the response speed and accuracy, avoids the chattering problem effectively, and possesses a strong robustness to structure parameter uncertain-ties.