Table of Content

31 August 2007, Volume 28 Issue 8

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Paper

A Developing Method of Transmission Electronic Control Unit Based on Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation

WANG Yong-ting，HUANG Ying, ZHANG Fu-jun, SHI Xian-lei, LIU Bo-Ian

2007, 28(8):  897-902.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.001

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The more complicated functions of transmission electronic control unit (ECU) impel develop?ment engineers to adopt new developing methods. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a typical method of replacing real condition or equipment and an important link of modern ECU developing flow. The transmission ECU hardware-in-the-loop simulation system was built based on Matlab/Simulink/RTW and dSPACE to test a certain transmission ECU under many conditions and to validate the shifting rules and logic. The results show that hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a powerful ECU developing tool for shortening ECU developing cycle and reducing developing cost.

Research of Topology Optimization in the Design of the Chassis Frame of Special Vehicles

WANG Xian-hui, XU Gang, LI Shou-cheng,BAO Ji-ying

2007, 28(8):  903-908.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.002

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By taking account of the destroying action oi impulsive load to the chassis frame, the struc?ture optimization calculation and analysis were originally conducted by a topology optimization method, and the overall structure was designed and the location applied impulsive load was refined under the presupposition of the satisfied arrangement to subassemblies on chassis frame and running requirement to road surface. The checking of stiffness and strength and modal analysis for the Chassis frame were carried out. The theoretical analysis and applied result show that the topology optimization method is a effective method for reasonable design of the chassis frame.

Research on Vibration Damping for Missile Launcher with Active Suspensions Under Multiple- loading Case

XU Wei-guo, BI Shi-hua, CHEN Zhen

2007, 28(8):  909-914.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.003

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An arbitrary-site support-free launching mode is intended to be taken by some vehicular mis?sile weapon system. The vibration damping requirements of the key section of missile transporter- launcher can be met by using active suspensions for both the launching and maneuvering states simulta?neously. By using optimal control and adaptive control theoryies respectively, two controllers were de?signed for launching and maneuvering states and the actuator switching strategy was also given. The simulation results prove that the method has a satisfactory vibration damping effect.

Shock Wave Model in Reservoir of Regenerative Liquid Propellant Gun

WANG Liang-kuan，ZHANG Xiang-yan, LIU Ning

2007, 28(8):  915-918.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.004

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Oscillation witn nigh frequency and high pressure in reservoir of regenerative liquid propel?lant gun (RLPG) is generated at final stage of an ejection cycle. Owing to piston movement, shock waves in reservoir may be formed at a certain time. Based on the reflective theory of characteristic line, a model of shock waves formed by repeatedly reflected pressure waves between piston and fixed wall was established. The flow chart of calculation was designed and an applied example was given. The numerical calculation results are in accordance with experimental data basically. This model lays the theoretical foundation to forecast shock wave formation in reservoir for different structures of RLPG, and has theoretical meaning for exploring the mechanism of pressure oscillation generation.

Effects of Gravity Eccentricity on Range of Long-range Shells or Rockets

LI Chen-ming, ZHANG Wei, HAN Zi-peng, ZHAO Lei

2007, 28(8):  919-922.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.005

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To study the effect of gravity eccentricity on the ranges, the expression of gravity was educed using spherical harmonic function when the earth is considered as an normal ellipsoid or sphere. The values of gravity eccentricity were calculated and some correlative analysis was conducted. By taking a certain long-range rocket projectile as an example, the contrastive calculation of two ranges was done when the earth is considered as a sphere and an ellipsoid. Ihe results show that the differ?ence of ranges caused by gravity eccentricity is obvious; the absolute value of range difference decreases with the increasing of latitude at two identical fire angles; the range difference increases with the in?creasing of angle of fire at two identical latitudes within the maximal angle of fire.

An Analytical Model for Penetration into Finite Thickness Metallic Target Struck by Rigid Sharp-nosed Projectiles

JIANG Zhi-gang, ZENG Shou-yi, ZHOU Jian-ping

2007, 28(8):  923-929.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.006

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A finite spherical cavity expansion approximation was proposed to simulate the loading on projectiles penetrating incompressiole elastic-plastic media with finite dimensions. Based on this ap?proximation, a new engineering moael was developed for analysis on penetration into finite thickness metallic plates by rigid sharp-nosed projectiles. By introducing concepts of critical penetration depth re?ferring to the maximum penetration depth and critical impact velocity before the plastic zone reaches the back face of the plate, the present model considers two interconnected penetration stages with an initial stage characterized by ductile hole enlargement, followed by a second stage of bulging. Closed- form equations for the critical penetration depth were derived for conical and ogive-nosed projectiles. The final penetration depth and critical impact velocity were obtained by solution of the equation for projectile motion with Runge-Kutta method. The present model is in good agreement with previously published ballistic test data.

Numerical Simulation on the Penetrations of Long-rod Projectiles with Different Nose Shapes

CHENG Xing-wang, WANG Fu-chi, LI Shu-kui, WANG Lu

2007, 28(8):  930-933.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.007

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The processes of penetrating the semi-infinite rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) targets with four kinds of nose shapes of long-rod projectiles were studied by numerical simulation method, the effects of nose shapes on penetration were inspected emphatically. The results show that the depth of penetration (DOP) depends on pronouncedly the iailure mechanism of the rod material, the variation of the nose shapes of long-rod projectiles results in slight difference of the penetration depths at the same condition for high strength material, but the nose profile of long-rod has a certain influence on the breakup of targets, especially on the cross-section of crater in the early stage.

Assessment Criteria for Damage Ability of Single Terminal Correction Submunition to Runway

KOU Baohua，YANG Tao, ZHANG Xiao-jin,ZHANG Qing-bin

2007, 28(8):  934-938.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.008

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According to the working principle of submumtion and damage effect on runway, the con?cept of effective damage length was defined. On the basis of the proposed new concept, the assessment criteria for damage ability of terminal correction submunition were presented, which are oi important reference value in system design and efnciency optimization of terminal correction submunition.

Study on Dual Channel Millimeter-wave Radiometer

XIAO Ze-long, XU Jian-zhong, PENG Shu-sheng，MOU Shan-xiang

2007, 28(8):  939-942.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.009

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A dual-channel millimeter-wave radiometer applied in detecting targets accurately under complicated weather condition was proposed. The principle and the structure of the system are given. Based on the analysis of the normalized antenna temperature of the radiometer, the methods of calcu-lating the pulse width of target echo signal and the delay between the different beams scanning the tar?get center were given in detail. High-tower experimental results show that the radiometer can reduce the weather effect on detective precision, and the probability of the target ’ s center identification is higher than that of single-channel radiometer at radial direction.

Study on Attenuation Performance of Broadband Aerosol to IR and MMW

CHEN Bing, LI Cheng-jun, XU Ming, ZHOU Ming-shan

2007, 28(8):  943-947.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.010

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With taking broadband jamming ammunition composed of red-phosphorus, copper powder and aluminum chaff as research subject, the attenuation performance of aerosol composed of phospho?rus, smoke, copper powder and aluminum chaff to inf rare (IR) and millimeter wavelength ( MMW ) was studied by a static testing method. The transmissivities of aerosol are 10% and 7% at 3 mm and 8 mm wavelength, are 11% and 9% at 3?5 μm and 8?14 μm respectively. The results show that the aerosol composed of red-phosphorus, copper powder and aluminum chaff is a better broadband jamming material; every component can keep and enhance the attenuation capability of single waveband with co?operative enhancing effect; the combined method of forming aerosol is a desirable technique path at the case that the single smoking material doesn’t possess broadband jamming performance.

Probability-based Autonomous Identification of Faulty Links in Satellite Communication Networks

ZHAO Zhi-gang, LI Zhe,WANG Jian-hui, WANG Chen

2007, 28(8):  948-952.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.011

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Satellite systems are going to be an important part of the future personal communication in?frastructure .The first-generation candidates for satellite personal communication networks will rely on low earth orbiting (LEU) and medium earth orbiting ( MEO) constellations. A robust asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)-based routing algorithm for LEO satellite systems employing intersatellite links (ISL) was proposed, by which a source satellite can communicate with any end satellite, so long as a path exists between the source satellite and the destination satellite. The focus of this paper is on the faulty links’ identification part of routing algorithm. A source satellite can autonomously identify a ranked list of the most probable failed network links in real-time by building a discrete-time dynamic virtual topology graph, and accurately detect I ailed links through quick and autonomous testing. The simulation in satellite networks shows that the algorithm has the features of real-time and accuracy, needs a few or perhaps doesn’t need extra bandwidth.

Reliability Analysis of Static Strength for Stochastic Space Beam and Plate Structural System

ZHAO Wei-tao, AN Wei-guang, ZHANG Ling-yun

2007, 28(8):  953-956.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.012

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The reliability analysis of static strength for space beam and plate structural system was pro?posed .The explicit expressions of safe margin and the sensitivity of safe margin to every random vari?able were established by static strength theory of the structural system reliability and the stochastic finite element method. Thus, it is easy to calculate the relativity of safe margin and it is propitious to increase calculated precision and reform the reliability calculation method of the space beam and plate structural system. The calculation results of a numerical example indicate that the method is feasible and valid.

Study on Dynamic Fracture Toughness of Martensitic Stainless Steel Weld Joint

WANG Xiang-yun, YU Shi-kai

2007, 28(8):  957-964.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.013

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The variation laws of the weld joint properties were proposed in different technology condi?tions, such as normal weld joint state without any attached technology condition, peening the weld surface at postweld, peening weld joint at welding, remelting weld toe by argon arc at postweld to?gether with peening the weld surface at welding and heat treatment at 600 °C，650 0C and 700 0C at postweia on the basis of the experiments of the repair weld joint with G242 electrod, base metal dy?namic fracture toughness and fatigue life. The weld joint micro-fracture principle and microstructure variations were indicated by scanning electron microscope and optical metallograph. The joint hardness distribution at different technology conditions was measured by Rockwell hardometer, in order to re?flect the microstructure and strength changes indirectly. The reasonable welding methods and postweld heat treatment standard with martensitic electrode were defined.

Numerical Simulation of Flow Field of Lateral Jet Interaction in Supersonic Flow for a Missile-like Wing-body Configuration

LIU Yao-feng, XU Wen-can, WU Jia-sheng

2007, 28(8):  965-969.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.014

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By the use of the overlapping grid technique and symmetric TVD scheme, the laminar flow N-S equation was solved and the flow field of lateral jet interaction for a missile-like wing-body config?uration was simulated. The vortex and wave structures of this flow field were shown and the topology of separation flow was given according to the computational results. The interaction effects on aerody?namic characteristic were studied. The computational amplification factor and the moment coefficient oi interaction were also given and they are basically in agreement with the experimental data.

Study on the Extinction Capability of New-type Interference Material of 3 mm Wave-Ultra-thin Electric Chip

ZHOU Ming-shan, XU Ming, LI Cheng-jun, CHEN Bing, TAO Yong

2007, 28(8):  970-974.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.015

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A new-type attenuation material of 3 mm wave the ultra-thm electric cmp was made from flaky crystal graphite by means of the process of wet ball milling. The basic physical property was studied, the dynamic 3mm wave attenuation capability was tested for the chip. Based on the radar scatter cross section theory of millimeter wave interference materials, the analysis and estimation result for skin depth, surface resistivity, heat wastage resistance of the chip shows that the absorption atten?uation makes up about 35.6 % of the total attenuation and is obviously superior to that of chaff. The calculation results of extinction parameters of the chip in 3 mm waveband by the Mie theory show that the absorption is leading factor at smaller partial size parameter k ; the scattering is leading factor at bigger k ; the absorption makes up 42 % of the total attenuation at half wavelength (particle size 2 r = 1.5 mm).

A Structural Synthesis for a Family of Translation Parallel Manipulators Without Constraint Singularities

GUO Sheng, FANG Yue-fa

2007, 28(8):  975-980.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.016

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Based on the theory of screws, a kind of synthesis approach for parallel manipulator was pre?sented. The forming reason of platform singularities was investigated. A family of translation 3-DoF parallel manipulators without plateform constraint singularities was obtained by three special orthogonal constrains provided by three limbs. All possible assemblies for the family, the moving joint types and the spatial geometrical conditions were given in the case of no plateform constraint singularities. The two novel manipulators used as examples were designed based on the theory.

Error Analysis of Three-axis Turntable Aimed at Assembling Based on Multi-system Kinematics Theory

LI Yan, FAN Da-peng

2007, 28(8):  981-987.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.017

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The assembling error of three-axis turntable is unavoidable during assembling process, which is one of the primary system error sources. The terminal error expression of the turntable was deduced by the theories of multi-system kinematics error and homogeneous translation in consideration of the assembling errors effect. The influences of all error items on the precisions of orientation and location for the turntable were compared by the simulated results. The kinematics law of the turntable with er?ror was explored. The above mentioned researches lay the foundations for error allocation, error proba?bility design and error separation.

Research on Tracking Method of Multiple Vehicles Based on Monocular Camera

FU Ping, XUE Ding-yu, LIN Ming-xiu, XU Xin-he

2007, 28(8):  988-992.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.018

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The multi-mode and multi-clue vehicle tracking algorithm in image sequences was proposed for automobile assistance driving system with monocular camera. The regions of interest which contain the target in the next frame, namely tracking windows, are predicted by motion estimator. Either the occlusive mode or common mode of the target is determined by the multi-target occlusion reasoning mechanism. In the common mode, multiple clues, such as prior knowledge of vehicle, assessment component, division block template etc, are integrated to locate the vehicle target in the tracking win?dow; in the occlusive mode, partial division block template matcnmg is used to handle with occlusion. The vehicle observed in rear view can be tracked stably by the multi-mode and multi-clue vehicle track?ing algorithm. The approach is suitable for tracking vehicles observed in frontal view. Experiment re?sults illustrate the robust and accurate performance of the tracKing algorithm.

Experimental Techniques and Analysis

Study on the Modification of Epoxy Adhesive for Antiradar Coating

GAO Huan-fang, QUAN Xue-jun, XIE Zhao-ming,ZHENG Guo-yu, LUO Tian-yuan

2007, 28(8):  993-996.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.019

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Aiming at the shortage of antirader coating tensile strength, flexibility and hot-resistant function, we studied that both the influence of different additive quantities of the liquid rubber on the antiradar coatings tensile strength and flexibility, and the influence of those on its fracture surface and glass transition temperature by SEM ana DSC, on the presupposition of the satisfied stealth and spray?ing functions for the coating. The test shows that the T-g of modified epoxy adhesive is reduced with the increase of the liquia rubber; and the optimized adhesive formula makes the coating solidify nor?mally at 80 °C of which the tensile strength is over 8 MPa on steel plate, orer 6 MPa on aluminium plate and the fracture can’t occur at bending of 90。on the base plate of thickness I mm. The research results can extend the applied scope and the working efficiency for the coating on different base plates in the case of higher tensile strength and flexibility.

Study on the Accelerated Life Test of Storage Life for Sealed Electromagnetic Relays

LUO Yan-yan, LU Jian-guo, LI Wen-hua, WANG Li-zhong

2007, 28(8):  997-1001.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.020

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With the rapid development of aeronautic and space technology, a still higher demand on the reliability level of the sealed electromagnetic relays is put forward. The reliability of the sealed electro?magnetic relays during storage period was studied. A test method to estimate the storage life of electro?magnetic relays was proposed on the basis of analysis of iailure mechanism. The method is character?ized by the constant stress accelerated life test. Some of the important factors in the test were analyzed in detail, such as the determinations of the type and level of the accelerated stresses, the number of the test pieces, the test parameters measured and so on. After the accelerated life test, the test data were processed by some methods of life prediction and the extrapolated value of storage life was calculated.

Comprehensive Reviews

A Comprehensive Review of Accelerated Degradation Testing

DENG Ai-min, CHEN Xun, ZHANG Chun-hua,WANG Ya-shun

2007, 28(8):  1002-1007.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.021

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Accelerated life testing (ALT) and accelerated degradation testing (ADT) are two main kind of reliability accelerated testing technology. AL T is abroad studied by both statisticians and relia?bility engineers, but there are just a few researchers who study the theory and engineering practice of ADT. The comparison between ADT and ALT technologies, related background, degradation models, data analysis methods and design and optimization of ADT are described. The recent statuses of ADT technology and engineering application are summarized. The key techniques of ADT are also explored and some suggestions are given for further researches.

Short Papers

Feedforward/ Feedback Controller for Formation Control of Multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

JIA Qiu-ling, LI Guai-Wen, YAN Jian-guo

2007, 28(8):  1008-1010.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.022

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A new distributed control method for the formation control of multiple AUVs was present?ed. Based on the relative moving equation between the leader AUV and the follower AUV, a feedfor?ward controller and its internal model were designed to compensate the information of leader AUV re?garded as an external signal and then a feedback controller was designed by means of backstepping to stabilize the system. In addition，a state observer used for observing all the error signal was designed to realize the feedback control. The simulated results with an example show that all AUVs can form de?sired formations quickly and move together with stable formation by means of the proposed feedfor?ward/ feedback formation control law; because of the above reason, the control law is valid.

Research Notes

Review of Research on Air Flow and Heat Transfer in Engine Compartment of Tank

LIU Xi-xia, CAO Yu-kun, BI Xiao-ping

2007, 28(8):  1011-1016.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.023

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Mastering the air flow and heat transfer conaition in engine compartment of tank is an es?sential precondition for designing engine device, transmission device and cooling system rationally. It is of great importance to investigate air flow and heat transfer in promoting the designing and developing of tank engine compartment. The related investigations at home and abroad are reviewed for air flow and heat transfer in tank engine compartment, including status, future trend, outstanding issue and difficult problem in the aspect of numerical simulation.

Study of Projectile-loaded Equipment Against High Overload

QIAN Li-zhi

2007, 28(8):  1017-1020.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.024

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According to the characteristics and load conditions of the structure of projectile-loaded e- quipments, the compound vibration absorber composed of rubber and disk spring was designed. The results of simulation show that the absorber can decrease the impact effectively and the deformation is also acceptaole. In addition, other measures against high overload are designed also, such as meliorat?ing the relation of joint, encapsulating and solidiiymg the main components. By experiments, it is proved that the design and methods in this contribution are reasonable and feasible to meet the require?ments of the system well.

Design and Investigation of Hyper Firing-rate Gun

JI Xin-yuan, YUAN Ya-xiong, ZHANG Xiao-bing,ZOU Rui-rong, YANG Jun-yun，SHEN Yue

2007, 28(8):  1021-1024.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.08.025

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A prototype of hyper-firing-rate gun was designed based on the launching principle of pre- loading stacked projectiles. The chamber structure, projectile structure and electronic control unit were discussed in detail. Based on the characteristics of the hyper-firing-rate gun, a scheme of experimental system was put forward. The multi-projectiles firing experiments were conducted with the variable fir-ing-rate. The igniting impulse and its frequency, muzzle velocity of projectile, actual firing-rate and p - t curves of several points in chamber were measured. The frequency of igniting impulse can reach 60 000 rounds per minute and the maximum firing-rate is up to 30 000 rounds per minute. The experi?mental results show that this design can attain the technical requirements.