Table of Content

31 October 2007, Volume 28 Issue 10

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Paper

Performance Simulation Analysis of the United Brake System of Automobiles

HE Ren, WANG Yong-tao, ZHAO Ying-sheng

2007, 28(10):  1153-1158.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.001

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Thinking of the influence factors, such as the coefficient, by which the revolving mass is transformed into linear mass, and slip ratio, we set up the mathematic model. The simulation model was set up by the Simulink module of Matlab. The result of simulation shows that the braking distance is shortened by the united brake system in the emergent brake, the braking ability of the automobile is improved; the eddy current retarder exhausts the most of energy of the automobile, reduces the load of main brake and the wear of it in the non-emergent brake; the automobile can run at steady and eco-nomic speed on the hillside path with continuous brake oi the united brake system.

Investigated on the Solubility of DMC in Diesel Fuel and the Optimum DMC Fraction in Diesel Fuel

ZIKun, TU Xian-ku, ZHANG Qin,CHEN Fei, PAN Ke-yu

2007, 28(10):  1159-1163.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.002

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Dimethyl carbonate(DMC) is one of the best additives for diesel engines due to its features such as highly oxygen content, lower boiling point. The compatibility of the DMC in the diesel fuel and engine power, fuel consumption and emission characteristics for different DMC fraction in blend fuel was investigated. Experimental results show that when the proportion of DMC in the blend is 0 % ? 20 % that smoke emission decreases, thermal efficiency increases with increasing in DMC proportion in diesel fuel without modifications on fuel injection and combustion system of the engine; when the pro?portion of DMC in the blend fuel is 10% ?20%，smoke emission is reduced by 40 % ?50%，thermal efficiency increases by I % ?3 %，engine power output is reduced by 4 % ?8 %，and the emission vari?ation of NOx, HC, CO, CO2 is very small. The investigative results show that the optimum DMC fraction in diesel fuel is 15% ; with 0% ?15% DMC fraction in blend fuel, the blend fuel is stable for a long time; the above results have direct significance on rational applied oxygenate blend fuel of diesel engine.

Simulative Study on Barrage Fire Efficacy of Air Burst Antiaircraft Gun Under C4ISR

ZENG Qian-teng, WU Hui-zhong

2007, 28(10):  1164-1168.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.003

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Taking 100 mm antiaircraft gun for example, a barrage fire simulation computing model was established for an air burst antiaircraft gun system. The barrage fire kill probabilities of 100 mm anti?aircraft gun battalion against cruise missile under manual command and C4ISR were calculated respec-tively .The barrage fire kill probabilities were calculated at different intervals oi burst points and trace sample points under C4ISR and compared with those under manual command. The results show that the barrage fire kill probability under C4ISR is six times more than one under manual command. Tnis means the barrage fire under C4ISR is very useful for firing a cruise missile that is difficult to find and track.

Effect of Wind Field at High Altitude Under 100 km on Long-range Shells and Rockets

LI Chen-ming, ZHANG Wei, HAN Zi-peng

2007, 28(10):  1169-1172.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.004

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The model of calculating wind field of free atmosphere under the height of 100 km was es?tablished according to the relationship between pressure and height in p reference frame. Meanwhile, the wind field under the height of 100 km was obtained by the geostrophic wind and thermal wind for?mulas according to the temperature data from Nimbus-7. The data comparison between the calculation and the experimental detection with long-range racket shows that the distribution law of the calculated wind field is coincident with that of the detected wind field; and the model of calculating wind field at high altitude is feasible. In order to show the effect of wind field at high altitude, a ballistic contrastive calculation of the long-range rocket was carried out. The results show that the errors of range and side deflection are obviously affected by the wind at high altitude.

Goodness-of-fit for Sensitivity Response Curve of Pyrotechnics Using Box-Cox Normal Distribution

CUI Heng-jian, ZHANG Juan, TIAN Yu-bin

2007, 28(10):  1173-1178.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.005

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The traditional goodness-of-fit approaches for five sensitivity response curves of pyrotechnics were improved, and the Box-しox normal distribution and its goodness-of-fit approach were entirely given. Under the Pearson x2、distance, it is shown that the goodness of fit using Box Cox normal dis tribution is more superior than that using traditional five distributions in most cases of the 15 examples.

Identification and Forming Process of Main Impurity in HBIW

CHEN Hua-xiong, CHEN Shii-sen, LI Li-jie, SHI Yan-shan, YANG Rong-jie, XIANGYu-Iian

2007, 28(10):  1179-1182.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.006

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The impurities in hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW) were isolated by preparative chromatograph, and the crystal of the main impurity in HBIW was obtained by recrystal technic. The structure of the impurity was studied with FT-IR, 1H-NMR, ESI-MS, element analysis. The forming of the impurity and its effect on the catalyst Pd in the hydrogenolysis are discussed. The results show that the main impurity in HBIW is oxalic dibenzylamine v Bn—NHCO-)-2, which is formed from C6H5CH2NHCH(OH)CH(OH)NHCH2C6H5 oxidated by the oxygen in the air.

Study on Multi-waveband Infrared Antireflection and Protection Film

FU Xiu-hua, JIANG Hui-lin, FU Xin-hua, WANG Chong-e

2007, 28(10):  1183-1185.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.007

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The multi-waveband infrared antireflection and protection film, on the ZnS dome which di- amter is 150 mm, the thicKness is 6 mm and the radius of curvature is larger, was plated by the method oi electronic beam vaccum deposition and ion-beam assisted deposition. The film average trans?missivity is above 90% in 3?5 μm and 92% in 8?10 μm, ana it can pass the mal-condition tests.

Research on Feature Key-degree and Classification Algorithms for SAR Images

YUAN Li-hai, SONG Jian-she, SHEN Tao

2007, 28(10):  1186-1190.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.008

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With the analysis of grey and texture features, a key-degree index of classification features was presented to solve target classification in synthetic aperture radar (bAR) images. The key feature, the hypo-key feature, the non-key feature and the feature key-degee were defined by the concept of the key coefficient. The high key-degree features were selected from the feature statistic of grey and tex?ture models, for example, mean and variance from grey model, and angular second moment, contrast, homogeneity and correlation from texture model. Aiming at multi-class and multi-feature of SAR im?age classification, we classified the samples by the principle of minimum distance on the basis of con?structing feature vector and defining vector distance. To improve furture computational speed and ae- scribe correctly the feature, we introduced a window approach to the classification of SAR images. The simulation and the calculation results show that the approach is effective.

A Method of Camouflage Evaluation Based on Texture Analysis Model of Gabor Wavelet

LIN Wei, CHEN Yu-hua, GAO Hong-sheng,LIN Li, WANG Ji-jun

2007, 28(10):  1191-1194.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.009

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From the result of human eye physiology research, analyzing texture division model of hu?man vision system and combining Gabor function, we establish texture analysis model of Gabor wavelet which simulates human eyes interpretation. The concept of texture similarity degree based on Bhat- tacharyaa distance was proposed, and the method of camouflage evaluation was established.

Simulation Analysis of the Influence of Evaporation Duct on Detecting Antiship Missile with Shipbome

WANG Hua, ZHANG Yong-gang, HUANG Xiao-mao

2007, 28(10):  1195-1199.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.010

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The detection range of radar is prominently influenced by evaporation duct. Because the flight .altitude of anti ship missile is lower or a little higher than the height of evaporation duct, in many cases evaporation duct impacts on detection range at detecting antiship missile with surface ship. For this reason, the electromagnetic wave propagation was simulated numerically by parabolic equation and step-Fourier algorithm under the condition of evaporation duct, and the maximum detection range was calculated by assessment mode of radar detection at different atmospheric environments and frequency bands of radar, and different reflected target cross sections and flight altitudes of missile. The simula?tion results show that the performance of S band radar is better than X band，s on most conditions in the presence of evaporation ducts.

A Clustering Algorithm Based on Node Location in the Mobile Ad-hoc Network Management

CHEN Dong-song, LIU Zhi-guo, WANG Guang-xing

2007, 28(10):  1200-1204.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.011

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The Ad-hoc network (MANET) regarded as a new mobile wireless network, its unique net?work properties add the difficulties and challenges to the network management. Recently, the networK management on MANET is still on the initial stage and more accurate standards are not defined. Therefore, a new clustering algorithm based on node location was proposed. It specially supplies the quadrant partition, moderate merging, re-splitting merging, the efficient guest protocols as well as the message driven method to improve the initial algorithm depending on the GPS service, the node densi?ty adjustment and the guest protocol ignoring the management efficiency as well. The new strategy adds the flexibility and the scalability and suggests a new idea to the network management of MANET.

Application of Histogram Equalization Algorithm in Low-level-light Weapon Sight Measurement System

GAO You-tang, TIAN Si, QIU Ya-feng,CHANG Ben-kang

2007, 28(10):  1205-1208.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.012

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Low-level-light (LLL) weapon sight measurement technologies are always concerned by military equipment manufacturers. The load actions of vibration, shooting, shock, drop, high and low temperature environment, etc. make the machinery, the optical structure and the electric performance parameters of the sight to change with the result that the sight can’t be worked and used normally at taking aim. In order to solve the problems above, the measure and test system of the sight was de?signed under environmental experiment condition, the operation principle of the detection system by CCD was given, the image of the sight was processed by the histogram equalization algorithm. The measure precision which is less than 0.05 mil and the measure range which is greater than 40 mil can meet the requirements of the engineering application.

Performance Analysis in a Ballistic Missile IMU System with Skewed Redundant Configuration

HUA Bing, LIU Jian-ye, SUN Yong-rong

2007, 28(10):  1209-1213.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.013

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Redundant technology is a kind of important means to improve the performance of a naviga?tion system. The redundant configuration of inertial sensor in a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) was studied. According to the ballistic missile characteristic, inertia measuring unit (IMU) composed of three gyros with orthogonal configuration and four accelerometers with skewed configura?tion was designed for ballistic missile. firstly, it was analyzed on the main factors that influence sensor output, and the error model oi inertial sensor was built. Then, skewed configurationJ s multi-influence on sensor measurement was studied, particularly it can improve the nonlinear error greatly. On the ba?sic of the theory, a redundant configuration IMU and its calibration model were designed. The result of computer simulation shows that the IMU improves the navigation performance, the navigation pre?cision and the reliability with the available sensor precision for ballistic missile.

A Decision Study on General Scheme of Shipbome Multi-function Rocket Launcher System

WANG Feng, MA Da-wei, WU Xiao-yun

2007, 28(10):  1214-1217.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.014

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A gray correlation decision model for general scheme of weapon system based on analytic hi?erarchy process and fuzzy membership function was established. Three general schemes of shipborne multi-function rocket launcher system were evaluated. The evaluation result would provide decision support for the selecting of the weapon’s general scheme. The integrated decision model for general scheme put forward has its application and generalizing value.

Numerical Research for Adjusting Thrust of Solid Rocket Motor by Usir^ the Embedded-wire Grain

ZHANG You-wei, WANG Xiao-hong

2007, 28(10):  1218-1222.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.015

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A technical scheme for adjusting thrust of solid rocket motor was realized by using the em?bedded-wire grain and adding the negative heat flow. The mechanism of the scheme is that the motor working pressure, which means the motor thrust, is changed by adding the negative heat flow, which can change the grain combustion velocity along the wire, to the exposed part of the wire in the com?bustion gas. Numerical results show that the scheme can adjust the operating characteristic of the mo?tor in a certain range, the thrust reduces with the increase oi the negative heat flow density; there ex?ists a relaxation time from the moment of adding the negative heat flow density to the moment of reaching the stable chamber pressure, the relaxation time rises with the increase of the negative heat flow density. The advantage of the scheme is that the control system is simple and needs not work un?der high temperature circumstance.

Numerical Analysis on the Damage Evolution in Spallation of Ductile Materials

ZHANG Feng-guo, QIN Cheng-sen, ZHOU Hong-qiang

2007, 28(10):  1223-1228.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.016

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The variation of void number density distriDution，the relation between the variation and the stress history in damage evolution of spallation of ductile materials ana the space distribution of void number were analyzed numerically and qualitatively. The influences of the nucleated void sizes and some modeling parameters on the free surface velocity, the space distribution of void number, as well as the damage evolution in spallation were also investigated and discussed. In addition, the effect of the voia nucleation and its growth at different times on the damage were also investigated and analyzed.

Study on Decision- making in Air Formation to Ground Attack-Defence Campaign Under Stochastic Condition

ZHANG Li, ZHANG An, SHEN Jian-dong,TANG Zhi-li

2007, 28(10):  1229-1233.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.017

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On the basis of game theory, and taking the air formation to ground attack-defence cam?paign as the background, we established an opposed dynamic decision-making model. Aiming at the proolems in military decision-making under stochastic condition in uncertainty, we put forward a factor of stochastic influence, which reflects the influence of stochastic condition on battling units, and estab?lishes stochastic opposed decision-making models in anticipant value and in correlative chance way far?ther .It can be seen from the simulating results that the models can dispose the stochastic status in bat?tlefield reasonably, analyse the fighting result impersonally, and offer a powerful decision-making sus?taining for military command and control. The proposed method is very practical and effective, and has a good apolving future.

Analysis of Pressure Drop Characteristics of Deflation System. Under Low Atmospheric Pressure Environment

LI Ming-hai, ZANG Li-qing, LI Chao,SHI Guang-mei, CHEN Jun

2007, 28(10):  1234-1237.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.018

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For guiding structural design of a deflation system, a formula used for predicating the inner pressure variation of an open-type deflation system under low atmospheric pressure environment was put forward. A corrective coefficient of the formula was derived for a deflation container with long tube based on experimental results. The comparison between the experimental results and the theoretical calculations shows that the theoretical formula is accurate. In addition, combining the theoretical for?mula with multi-dimension computational fluid dynamics(しFD) simulation of a discharge process of the deflation system may simplify CFD computational process and save computational time.

Experimental Techniques and Analysis

Influence of Ambient Temperature and Humidity on NIR Spectroscopy Analysis Model for Mixed Amine

XING Zhi-na, WANG Ju-xiang, SHEN Gang,YE Yong

2007, 28(10):  1238-1242.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.019

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The influence of ambient temperature and humidity on a NIR spectroscopy analysis model was researched for xylidine content in mixed amine. In order to dimmish the influence, a special model was built, which took variable environmental factors into account in the process of modeling, to en?hance its robustness. I ne experimental results indicate that the predictive ability of this mixed model established at different temperatures and humidities is better than that of any model under single ambi?ent temperature and humidity. I ne mixed model lays a foundation for realizing NIR spectroscopy anal?ysis of mixed amine in the future field operation.

Ultra-wideband Subnanosecond. Pulse Generator

JI Jian-hua, FEI Yuan-chun, ZHOU Jian-ming, GUO De-chun, ZHAO Qi

2007, 28(10):  1243-1245.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.020

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A new ultra-wideband( UWB) Gaussian pulse generator composed of a step recovery diode (SRD)，a field-effect transistor (FET) and a Schottky diode was developed. A SRD and a short-cir?cuited transmission line are used to generate Gaussian pulse directly, a FE! is employed to amplify the pulse and isolate pulse generation and shaping network, a Schottky diode is used to suppress the pulse ringing. A SRD model, which is used to simulate the pulse generator, was established by an existing radiofrequency software ADS, and the pulse generator was designed and simulated by the model. The testing result shows that the generator can produce a 307 ps Gaussian pulse with 1.88 V peak-to-peak; the pulse has good symmetry and low ringing level. Good agreement between measured and simulated results was achieved.

Source Number Detection Methods Based on the Spatial Virtual Tapped-delay-line

BAI Xing-yu, JIANG Yu, ZHAO Chun-hui

2007, 28(10):  1246-1251.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.021

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Based on the spatial virtual tapped-delay-line technique, the concept of spatiotemporal co- variance matrix (STCM) was introduced. At the same time, the concept of projection of eigenvectors of the array covariance matrix onto column-vectors of the STCM was also discussed. The two ap?proaches, based on Bootstrap and heuristic algorithms, were proposed for developing source number detection methods. The Like Gerschgoin disk estimator (GDE) method was proposed by the projec-tions of eigenvectors and the heuristic algorithm. It avoids the drawback of the existing source number detection methods based on eigenvalues, can work in the case of lower signal- to- noise ratio (SNR) and unknown spatially nonuniform noise. As no assumption is made on the distribution of the noise or the signals, another source number detection method was proposed by the projections of eigenvectors and the Bootstrap algorithm. In the latter method, no subjective detection threshold is required. The ex?periments with data from computer simulations as well as lake trials show that proposed methods are effective and superior to existing methods in different scenarios.

Elementary Measurement of Free Surface Velocity of Cylindrical Metal Tube Under Inward Detonation

LI Xue-mei, JIN Xiao-gang, Li Da-hong,ZHENG Jun

2007, 28(10):  1252-1255.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.022

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By using electric probe array with different lengths each other, just in the shape of hedgepig, the free surface （inner surface) velocity history of cylindrical metal tube was measured which was driven by sliding inward detonation. The relation of free surface velocity v and radius of metal tube R was obtained elementarily, and some discussions were also given. The analysis elemen?tarily reveals the influence of explosive thickness on free surface velocity, and the detonation pressure increasing phenomenon under thicker nitromethane (40 mm) condition may be the cause of Digger ini-tial free surface velocity v0 than computed value based on C-J detonation theory. The result above lays a good foundation for further quantitative measurement of the free surface velocity of axial symmetric structure under inward detonation.

Pressure Bar Method to Measure the Reflected Blast Wave Pressure in Small Scale Distance

ZHANG De-zhi, LI Yan, ZHONG Fang-ping,LIN Jun-de, WANG Deng-wang，WANG Chang-Ii

2007, 28(10):  1256-1260.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.023

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In order to measure the reflected pressure in explosive vessel, pressure bar system was de?vised .Propagation of stress wave in the pressure bar was calculated by hydrodynamic code. Frequency response, measurable lower limit and effective measurement time of the pressure bar system were ana?lyzed. For the steel pressure bar system at 8 mm diameter, the frequency response is about 115 kHZ and the measuraoie lower limit is about 3.6 MPa with resistance strain gage. Pressure bar method was successfully used to measure the reflected pressure in explosive vessel, good result with the measured maximum pressure of 1.2 GPa was obtained. The outcome of these researches indicates that the pres?sure bar method is a straightforward, wide measurement range, nigh frequency response, low cost and strong antト interference ability method to measure the reflected blast wave pressure in the small scale distance.

Research Notes

Digital Watermarking Based on Real Discrete Fourier Transform

XIN Yi, ZHONG Jue, TAO Ran

2007, 28(10):  1261-1266.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.024

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The development of the digital services creates new requirement for multimedia security and copyright protection techniques. As an important scheme for solving these problems, digital water?marking research has been developed rapidly in recent years. The real discrete Fourier transform is a real transform introduced by Ersoy. The fast algorithm for the real discrete Fourier transform is similar to that of FFT. A novel image watermarking algorithm based on real discrete Fourier transform was proposed. A Gaussian watermark sequence was embedded in the middle transformation coefficients of the image. The algorithm with a high capacity is efficient and low complex in the implementation. Ex?perimental results prove the invisibility of the watermark and the robustness of the method against most image processing operations to be better than those of watermarking based on DFT.

A Distributed Video Compression Scheme in Motion JPEG2000 for Wirdess Sensor Network

LIU Jie-yu，ZHANG De-yun

2007, 28(10):  1267-1271.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.025

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To minimize the energy cons amp lion without violating image quality is a key problem con?cerned in a video- surveillance system design based on wireless sensor network (WSN) . Aiming at the WSN architecture feature, we proposed a new distributed video compression algorithm. Based on tile encoding of Motion JPEG2000, the two parameters, the complexity and the motion activity of a tile, are defined by the algorithm to discern the important regions. Thus an adaptive rate-allocation is real- izea in a lower complexity algorithm. A WSN arcnitecture scheme was given by the proposed algo?rithm ? Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce data transmission ener?gy consumption and meanwhile leads to a satisfactory image quality.

Optimal Sliding Mode Servo control with Integral Term for Rocket Launcher

ZHU Yu-chuan, MA Da-wei, LI 2Jii-gang,LE Gui-gao

2007, 28(10):  1272-1275.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.026

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An AC position servo system of air defense rocket launcher was designed. Based on wide variations in loads and parameters and large disturbed moment, an optimal sliding mode variable struc?ture servo control method with integral term was presented, and a controller was designed. The com?puter simulation results show that steady state error which is present at classical control is eliminated, the system takes on strong robustness to load disturbance and parameter perturbation, and ensures、 transient state performance figure of the system.

Weighted Bayesian Fusion Evaluation Based on Information Divergence of Prior Sample

DUAN Xiao-jun, HUANG Han-yan

2007, 28(10):  1276-1280.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2007.10.027

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In the test evaluation for small sample size, some prior samples are often fused for providing more accurate estimation value. The prior sample size is generally restricted according to engineering background for fear that the fusion result is decided by the prior sample mainly if too many prior sam?ples are fused. However, the restriction for actual test sample size is decided without theoretical analy?sis. The difference between the subjected distributions of the prior sample and actual sample was inves?tigated .Based on the distribution difference, the information divergence was calculated. The weight of prior sample was decided by the information divergence. A weighted method considering the credibility of the prior information was proposed for Bayesian estimation algorithm and the weighted estimation of normal inverse Gama distribution parameters was provided. Taking the estimation of the dispersion of the guided weapon falling points as an example, the conclusion is drawn that our method is credible.