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Responsible Institution: China Association for Science and Technology
Sponsor: China Ordnance Society
ISSN 1000-1093 CN 11-2176/TJ
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Editor in Chief:
MAO Ming
Edited and Published by:
Editorial Board of Acta Armamentarii
Table of Content
30 November 2013, Volume 34 Issue 11
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Paper
Energy Management Strategy and Realtime Simulation of Hybrid Electric Tracked Vehicle
LI Jun-qiu, SUN Feng-chun, ZHANG Cheng-ning
2013, 34(11): 1345-1351. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.001
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The dynamics and fuel efficiency of hybrid electric tracked vehicle are largely restricted with energy management strategy. A new energy management strategy for engine power following and battery pack power compensating is proposed according to the output characteristics of power source and the driving demand of vehicle, and a power balance method is presented for engine, battery pack and motor, etc. A realtime simulation platform for the energy management of hybrid electric tracked vehicle with “driver and vehicle controller” is established in dSPACE. The realtime simulation research on the operation input of driver is conducted. The simulation results show that the engine works according to the optimal fuel consumption curve and the intime power compensation of battery packs, and the energy management strategy meets the power changes of some vehicle driving, such as maximum speed and B/2 steering situation, to implement the better dynamics and fuel efficiency of hybrid electric tracked vehicle.
Research on Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Automatic Transmission Control System under Steady State Condition
PENG Jian-xin, LIU Hai-ou,WANG Bin, CHEN Hui-yan
2013, 34(11): 1352-1358. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.002
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Fault detection and diagnosis of automatic transmission control system (ASCS) is realized by multiway principal component analysis (MPCA). According to fault diagnosis of ASCS under steady state condition, firstly, the state variable characteristics under steady state condition are analyzed and the feasibility of MPCA algorithm is researched by taking ASCS’s control cycle characteristics as the basis. Secondly, ASCS’s multiway principal component models are established by faultless historical data. And the comprehensive monitoring indicator, OIndex, is used for process fault detection. When a fault occurs, a fault isolation is achieved by establishing a mapping relationship among the comprehensive monitoring indicator, score vectors and state variable characteristics. At last, the vehicle test and simulation test are used to prove the effectiveness and realtime of MPCA algorithm under ASCS’s steady state condition.
Numerical Study of Fuel Droplet Evaporation Process by Using VOF Model
ZHAO Peng， LI Guo-xiu， ZHANG Tao， JIA Tao-ming
2013, 34(11): 1359-1365. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.003
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A large eddy simulation VOF model is established for the fuel droplet evaporation. The heat and mass transfer characteristics of fuel droplet evaporation in forced convection flow field are investigated. The trend of droplet evaporation is researched by comparing and analyzing the results of heat and mass transfers. The results show that the heat transfer of droplet is not uniformly, but the hot zone is rapidly heated while other zone is slowly heated in the process of droplet evaporation. At the initial time, since the concentration gradient of the fuel droplet at the interface between the vapor and the surrounding gas is high, the initial evaporation rate is rapid and Sh number is larger. Different temperature difference can promote the evaporation process of the droplets. The evaporation rate increases with the increase of the temperature difference.
Research on Fault Diagnosis of Nonstationary Random Signals under ASCS’s Steady State Condition
WANG Bin， LIU Hai-ou， PENG Jian-xin, MIAO Cheng-sheng
2013, 34(11): 1366-1372. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.004
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A multiple fault detection and diagnosis strategy of nonstationary random signals is presented for automatic shift control system (ASCS), which is based on the redundancy relationship between signals under the steadystate condition. The design principles of fault diagnosis strategy are put forward based on the characteristics of ASCS nonstationary random signals and the redundancy relationship between them. These principles, including credibility principle, fault compatible principle and probability principle, are the design guidelines of fault diagnosis strategy. According to the accuracy and efficiency of fault diagnosis results, the results are divided into three types. Then the fault detection and diagnosis strategy of nonstationary random signals is put forward on the basis of prior knowledge under the steady state condition of ASCS, which can realize the single fault or multiple fault diagnosis of engine speed, transmission input speed, vehicle speed and gear signal. Manmade fault is injected through the real vehicle test process to detect the integrity and validity of fault diagnosis strategy. The car data and test results show that the method is effective and practical.
Torque Compensate Control of Dualmotor Electric Drive Armored Vehicle
MA Xiao-jun, SU Jian-qiang, WEI Shu-guang, LIU Qiu-li, XIANG Yu
2013, 34(11): 1373-1379. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.005
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A torque compensate control method is proposed on the basis of the speed difference between two motors in the dualmotor electric drive armored vehicle to solve the deviation problem when the vehicle runs in straightline. The speeds of two motors are measured in real time, and the speed difference between them is the controller input. The total required torque is constant by adding the torque output of lowspeed motor and reducing the torque output of highspeed motor in the compensate control system. A fuzzy controller with double inputs and double outputs is designed, which could regulate the PI control parameters to weaken the influence of vehicle kinetics nonlinear factor. The vehicle simulation and experiment results of test bench and road show that two motor target torques could be adjusted in real time to keep the speeds of two motors same by using the torque compensate fuzzy PI controller, and the vehicle runs in straightline stably.
Entropy Weight Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation on Failure Mode Criticality of Integrated Transmission System
XU Bao-rong, LI Rong-li, WEI Huo-ming， CONG Hua， FENG Fu-zhou
2013, 34(11): 1380-1386. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.006
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An integrated transmission system is tested in relation to the completed structure of integrated transmission system, the less failure data and the lack of reasonable failure mode analysis method. All the failure data are recorded during test, and a entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is proposed to analyze the failure mode criticality, through which several fuzzy and qualitative indicators are evaluated. In consideration of failure probability, failure severity, difficulty in failure detection and maintenance level, an evaluation indicator for correction difficulty is proposed from the perspective of fulllife cycle, which improves the evaluation indicator system. The key failure modes and subsystems are discovered through criticality analysis, which provide valid evidence for modification, maintenance decision and life management of integrated transmission system.
Analysis of Force on Control Valve in Electronic Unit Pump
QIU Tao, PENG Jing, LEI Yan, LI Bin, LI Xu-chu
2013, 34(11): 1387-1391. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.007
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By means of experiment and simulation method, the force characteristic of the control valve in the electronic unit pump (EUP) is studied. The resultant force on the valve is obtained based on its displacement data acquired through test. The flow field is simulated with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The transient inlet and outlet pressure measured are adopted as the boundary of the CFD simulation. The experiment results show that the resultant force’s direction is consistent with that of the valve closing at the end of valve opening, the flow influence on the valve mainly reflects in the static pressure and flow force, especially in the flow force, and they both prevent the valve from opening. The flow characteristic around the valve must be fully taken into consideration for force analysis and structure optimization of the control valve.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on Integral Multiple Explosively Formed Projectile Warhead
ZHAO Chang-xiao, LONG Yuan, JI Chong, Xu Dao-feng, GAO Fu-yin, LU Liang
2013, 34(11): 1392-1397. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.008
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A new integral multiexplosively formed penetrator (MEFP) warhead is designed in order to improve the hit probability of explosively formed penetrator (EFP). The feasibility of the warhead structure is verified in static blast experiment. And the processes of MEFP forming and penetrating a target are simulated using LSDYNA3D. The simulated results coincide well with the experimented data．The result indicates that such a warhead can form seven explosively formed projectiles which have a definite mass and direction and can penetrate a 15mmthick 45#steel target, thereby increasing effectively the number of damage elements and damage area.
Research on Semistrapdown MEMS Inertial Measurement Device for Flight Attitude Measurement of Highspeed Rotating Ammunition
LI Jie , ZHAO Yi, LIU Jun, CHEN Wei
2013, 34(11): 1398-1403. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.009
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For attitude measurement of highspeed rotating ammunition, the traditional MEMS strapdown inertial measurement system has low measurement accuracy. Angular rate sensor cannot meet the test requirements in both range and accuracy. This paper proposes the concept and principle of semistrapdown inertial measurement and the realization method of MEMS semistrapdown inertial measurement, at the same time a semistrapdown MEMS inertial measurement device is introduced on the foundation of composition structure of semistrapdown. Through structural and functional description of power output bin, controldrive circuit installation bin, inertial information sensitivity bin and inertial information collection bin, this paper comprehensively expounds the realization method of semistrapdown MEMS inertial measurement. The device can provide stable test environment for MIMU and effectively inhibit influence in attitude measurement accuracy when measured vector is in highspeed rotating environment. The system provides a new idea for highspeed rotating ammunition attitude measurement and conventional ammunition guidance. It is valuable for engineering implementation.
Effects of Different Sallow Water Acoustic Channel Models on Errorcorrection Code Performance Analysis
CHEN You-gan, XU Xiao-mei, ZHANG Lan, LIN Mei-ying
2013, 34(11): 1404-1411. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.010
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There have been no standard statistical channel models for the underwater acoustic (UWA) channel as a result of the complex and variability of UWA channel. Different UWA channel models are required for different purposes during the UWA communication research. It is important to evaluate the effect of different UWA channel modeling on research conclusions. From the perspective of channel errorcorrection code, the effects of different channel models on channel errorcorrection code (taking LDPC codes as an example) design are investigated by analyzing several UWA channel models, including timeinvariance model, timevariance model and quasistatic fading model adopted in UWA communication simulation. The simulation results show that the optimized designs of coding parameters are almost the same, although different channel modeling usually requires different signaltonoise ratio for decoding. The sea test data are adopted to further verify the conclusions.
Calculation of Lineelectrode Parameters and Electromagnetic Field Distribution in Seawater from Magnetic Field in Air
WEN Wu-di, LIU Zhong-le, LI Hua
2013, 34(11): 1412-1417. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.011
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Lineelectrode can be used as a source to simulate ship’ electric and magnetic fields. However, it is difficult to measure the electromagnetic field of lineelectrode in the seawater. The issue can be solved if the distribution of its electromagnetic field in the seawater can be calculated by measuring its electromagnetic field in the air. According to the calculation model of pointelectrode in the seawater under the condition of electric field of steady current, the analytic expressions of electric and magnetic fields of lineelectrode in the seawater and its magnetic field in air are derived, thereby proposing a method to reckon the parameters of lineelectrode and the distribution of its magnetic and electric field in the seawater by using the distribution of measured magnetic field in air. A scheme of experiment under the laboratory pool condition is designed, and the genetic algorithm is used to code the parameters of lineelectrode and the effective section of cable. The calculated result is in agreement with the actual result. The distributions of electric and magnetic fields in the pool are obtained from the measured result, which are close to the theoretical values.
Improved Simulated Annealing Algorithm and Its Application in Adjusting of S Plane Parameters in AUV Motion Control
SUN Yu-shan, LI Yue-ming, ZHANG Ying-hao, WAN Lei
2013, 34(11): 1418-1423. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.012
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S plane control is designed based on the fuzzy logic control and the form of PID control, which is a simple and effective method, but its control parameters must be adjusted manually. The control precision and effect may be reduced if the parameters of S plane controller are improperly set. A method for optimizing the control parameters of S plane based on the modified simulated annealing algorithm is proposed. The simulated annealing algorithm is improved through the selection of initial temperature, annealing algorithm, memory function, stop temperature setting, etc. The control parameters of S plane can be adjusted and optimized automatically using the algorithm. The experimental results show that the improved S plane controller based on the simulated annealing optimization possesses higher precision and quicker response compared with the traditional S plane controller.
Research on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Submarine Launched Vehicle with Ventilation Holes
SUN Tie-zhi, WEI Ying-jie, WANG Cong, CAO Wei
2013, 34(11): 1424-1430. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.013
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Based on the theory of homogeneous equilibrium flow, the threedimensional numerical simulation research on the hydrodynamic characteristics of submarinelaunched vehicle with ventilation holes of gaswatervapor threephase is conducted by solving the RANS equations of mixture media, SST turbulence transport equations and the mass transport equations among phases. The cavity shape, pressure distribution and change of drag force in the case of different numbers of ventilation holes are compared and analyzed. The results show that the cavity dimension formed by a single hole decreases, and the whole cavity shape is integrated gradually from discrete distribution with the increase in the numbers of ventilation holes; the maximum pressure of the upwind surface decreases with the increase in the numbers of ventilation holes, and the surface pressure fluctuates along the velocity direction; the total drag coefficient decreases with the increase in the numbers of ventilation holes, and the hydrodynamic characteristics of submarinelaunched vehicle could be improved by increasing the numbers of ventilation holes.
Research on Longitudinal Motion Simulation of Mooring System under the Effect of Wave
PAN Guang， YANG Zhi-dong， DU Xiao-xu
2013, 34(11): 1431-1436. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.014
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A mooring system usually contains a tether and a mooring body. The motion equation of mooring system should be developed to research the kinematic parameters of the mooring system under the effect of wave. Based on the Newton’s Second Law, a governing equation of tether is established. Moreover a discrete motion equation of tether is deduced through the lumped mass method. According to the momentum and angular momentum theories of rigid body, a longitudinal motion equation of the rotary mooring body is developed. The mooring body model and the tether model constitute the longitudinal motion equation of mooring system together with the added corresponding boundary equation. In the end, the simulation example is simulated by using the 4th order RungeKutta method. The results show that the mooring system periodically sways under the effect of wave.
Research on Thermal Physical Parameters and Surface Temperature Field of EDG Machining Honeycomb Ring
GAO Ji, LIU Qing-yang, MA Xiao-fang, TANG Ming
2013, 34(11): 1437-1441. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.015
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Based on the characteristics of GH536 super alloy material, the nonlinear rules of change in its thermal physical parameters with temperature is obtained through the test using a numerical method, and the finite element simulation of temperature field distribution of electrical discharge griding (EDG) honeycomb ring is made using ABAQUS, and the effect of temperature field distribution on quality of surface of honeycomb ring is analyzed. The results show that it is feasible to use the finite element analysis to simulate the distribution law of the temperature field in the EDG honeycomb ring, the simulation process is accurate and rapid, and it is also applied to optimize the craft process of EDG related thinwalled parts. It can be also used to provide the theory basis of calculating precisely the thermal stress and residual stress in EDG processing.
Effect of Deformation Temperature on the Microstructure and Superplasticity of 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N Duplex Stainless Steel
LI Shao-feng， REN Xue-ping， LI Shu-xia， CHEN Jing-sheng
2013, 34(11): 1442-1447. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.016
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After the solution treatment and cold rolling deformation of 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N duplex stainless steel, its super plastic deformation test is made at 850～1000℃ for 5 minutes. The effect of deformation temperature on the superplasticity of 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N is studied. Its microstructure before deformation is observed, and the influence of sigma phase and microstructure changes on the superplasticity is researched. The reason why the deformation temperature affects the superplasticity of 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N is revealed. The results show that, when the deformation temperature changes, the microstructure and quantity of σ phase changes, and so does the superplasticity. After solution treatment at 1300℃, 85% of cold rolling deformation, and holding at 850～1000℃ for 5min, its microstructure is recrystallized, the uniform equiaxed grains become more and more with the increase in deformation temperature, and the number of sigma phase gets smaller. Meanwhile, the elongation of 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N duplex stainless steel increases from 480% to 1290%, and the peak stress decreases from 125MPa to 32MPa.
Preparation and Characterization of Titaniumbased Metal Oxide Coated Electrodes
ZHANG Li, GUAN Jiang-yong, HAN Wei-qing, WANG Lian-jun
2013, 34(11): 1448-1453. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.017
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On basis of Ti/SnSb doped electrodes, the doping elements, including Fe, Mn, Ni, Ru and Co,are used to prepare the Tibased electrodes by thermal brushing decomposition. The coating solution is prepared according to the atomic mass ratio of Sn, Sb and X(X representing a doping element) of 100∶10∶5. Then the electrodes are calcined at 475℃. The electrocatalytic performance of doped electrodes is studied. The results show that the thermal brushing decomposition could easily lead to a “cracking” phenomenon on the surface of the active coating, affecting the catalytic activity and lifetime of electrode. Compared with other doped electrodes, Ti/SnSbMn doped electrode has the longest lifetime.
Comprehensive Review
Research Progress on Offaxis Fiber Optic Rotary Joint
JIA Da-Gong, CHEN Zhi-tong, XU Qiang, ZHANG Hai-wei, ZHANG Hong-xia, ZHANG Yi-mo
2013, 34(11): 1454-1460. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.018
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The fiber optic rotary joint (FORJ) which has been widely used in the field of military, such as radar, tank and infrared detection system, is a key component between two relatively rotating systems for highspeed communication. However, when the centerline of rotation is not available for FORJ, the onaxis FORJ could not be used to transmit the optical signals. Therefore some offaxis FORJs have been developed to meet the requirements of new weapon systems. The implementation and key influential factors of offaxis FORJ are summarized. The future development of offaxis FORJ is pointed out.
Research Notes
Simulation Study of Motion Control Algorithm for a Sixwheel Independent Drive Skidsteering Vehicle
YAN Yong-bao, ZHANG Yu-nan, YAN Nan-ming, HAN Bao-liang
2013, 34(11): 1461-1468. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.019
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In view of the steering theory and independently controlled torque of sixwheel independent electric drive skidsteering vehicle, a motion control algorithm is proposed based on the problems of driving force optimum allocation and control stability. The driving control algorithm consists of three parts: a speed controller, a steering controller and a tire force optimum distribution controller. The speed controller and steering controller are designed to determine the generalized longitudinal force and yawing moment required to achieve vehicle steering. The tire force optimization distribution controller determines how much torque should be generated at each wheel based on the vertical load of tire. The simulation results show that the tire having the bigger vertical load has the more driving torque on it. Compared with the equal distribution method, the optimum distribution method shows that the tire load rate is decreased by 979%.
Decentralized Adaptive Variable Structure Control for Banktoturn Torpedo
ZHANG Yi-chao, ZHOU Xu-chang, ZHOU Hao
2013, 34(11): 1469-1473. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.020
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As with strong fluid dynamic and kinematic coupling among pitch, yaw, and roll channels of banktoturn (BTT) torpedo, the control system can be described as an interconnected large scale system with unmatched uncertainties. A decentralized adaptive sliding mode control scheme is proposed. Considering the coupling among the subsystems, a coordination loop is designed to counteract their partial influence, and a partial model following control is proposed for the model with unmatched uncertainties. A switching function is designed by left eigenvector for each subsystem, and the corresponding partial model following adaptive variable structure control law is presented. The global asymptotic stability of the system is proved by Lyapunov stability theorem. The simulation results show that the control system has perfect tracking capability and satisfies the requirements of banktoturn torpedo.
Radar Imaging Characteristics of Metallic Spheres
DENG Bin, WANG Rui-jun, QIN Yu-liang, WANG Hong-qiang, LI Xiang
2013, 34(11): 1474-1478. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.021
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The amplitude and phase characteristics of complex radar cross section (RCS) of a metallic sphere are analyzed based on the precise solution of its back scattering. The high resolution range profile of a sphere takes on one or two peaks at different bands, while its 2D image can be typified by an arc or a point at different bands and rotation angles. A sphere should be characterized by a dispersive, migratory or pointlike scattering center model under different conditions. These conclusions may provide an important reference for RCS calibration and scattering source diagnosis.
DOA Estimation Method Based on Spatial Compressive Sampling for Underwater Acoustic Target
WANG Biao, LI Chao, DAI Yue-wei
2013, 34(11): 1479-1483. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.022
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The traditional DOA (direction of arrival) estimation methods of underwater acoustic target often have poor estimation performance or provide inaccurate estimation result under the constraint of spatial sparse observation based on the small platform (such as unmanned underwarter vehicle). A new highaccuracy DOA estimation algorithm based on spatial compressive sampling for underwater acoustic target is proposed by analyzing the space sparsity of underwater target location. The algorithm is used to establish a spatial sparse description model of underwater target, and compress the underwater target in spatial domain, and then the joint sparse reconstruction algorithm is used to achieve the DOA estimation of underwater acoustic target. The simulation results show that the method can increase the DOA estimation accuracy in the case of less array elements and less snapshots, and the high success rate can be increased by more than 50%, and the root mean square error in the low SNR environment can be maintained at 02°or less.
Design of Network Control System Based on the Control Performance Optimization
LIU Wei-dong， YANG Jian-hua，LI Le ， LI Xiang-yu
2013, 34(11): 1484-1488. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2013.11.023
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An optimizing design method for NCSs is presented to solve this kind of problems in the design of common NCSs controller with clockdriven sensors, eventdriven controllers and actuators. In the design of networked control systems (NCSs) based on Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI), the number of variables in LMI often exceeds the number of LMI constraints, which may present the difficulty in solving the parameters of controller. The optimal controller parameters can be found on the basis of the gradient optimization. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the present method for UUV heading control system.
