Penetration Effect of Tungsten Alloy Spherical Projectile on CFRP-coated B4C Ceramics

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1083

Abstract

Abstract:

The failure mechanism and protective properties of carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRP)-coated boron carbide (B₄C) ceramic target plates under the penetration of tungsten alloy spherical projectile are investigated, the protective properties of the composite structure under different D/T, where D represents the projectile diameter, and T represents the ceramic thickness, are experimentally studied and numerically simulated. The residual velocity of projectile after penetrating the target and the damage morphology of target plate are obtained through ballistic impact tests, and the failure characteristics of B₄C ceramics and CFRP at different penetration speeds are analyzed. The numerical simulation model of tungsten alloy spherical projectile penetrating the target plate is established, and the accuracy of the model is verified by reproducing the experiment results. The influence of CFRP on the penetrating effect of tungsten projectile is compared and analyzed. Based on the numerically simulated results, a residual velocity calculation model of tungsten projectile penetrating the target plate is established, and the accuracy of calculation model is verified by the experimental results. The findings indicate that, under the vertical penetration of projectile into the target plate, the CFRP exhibits a circular fracture on the impact surface and a cross-shaped fracture on the back surface. The damage area of CFRP on the back surface is larger than that on the impact surface.With the increases in penetration speed and target thickness, the change amplitude of the damage area of CFRP on the back surface is larger than that on the impact surface. It is found that the anti-penetration performance of CFRP-coated B₄C ceramic target plate is 4.8% higher than that of B₄C ceramic target plate. Compared with the experimental results, the absolute value of relative error computed by the proposed calculation model is less than 15%.

Key words: tungsten alloy projectile, B₄C ceramic, carbon fiber reinforced composite, penetration

CLC Number:

TJ04
TJ410

WANG Yifan, LI Yongpeng, XU Yuxin, LIU Tielei, JIAO Xiaolong, WANG Ruosu. Penetration Effect of Tungsten Alloy Spherical Projectile on CFRP-coated B₄C Ceramics[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(8): 2487-2496.

Figures/Tables 23

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of CFRP-coated B4C ceramic

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of ballistic gun test system

Fig.3 Tungsten alloy projectile and sabot

Table 1 Results of ballistic impact test

工况编号	破片直径 D/mm	陶瓷厚度 T/mm	弹靶径厚比 D/T	侵彻速度v₀/ (m·s^-1)	剩余速度v_r/ (m·s^-1)
1-1	7	8	0.875	771	396
1-2		12	0.583	831	228
1-3		6	1.833	528	457
1-4		6	1.833	1120	1006
1-5	11	8	1.375	661	519
1-6		10	1.100	664	440
1-7		12	0.917	658	373

Fig.4 Process of projectile penetrating a target

Fig.5 Failure morphology of target plate

Table 2 Failure morphology of CFRP at different D/T and impact velocity

Fig.6 Failure areas of CFRP on impact surface and back surface under the conditions of different impact velocities and D/T

Fig.7 Failure morphology of B4C ceramic at different impact velocities and target thickness

Fig.8 Area of ceramic crushing zone at different impact velocities and target thickness

Table 3 Material model parameters of 93W[20]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	17.6	T_m/K	3695
G/GPa	160	T_r/K	300
a/MPa	1505.8	C_p/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	384
b/MPa	176.5	C_v /(m·s^-1)	4046
n	0.12	S₁	1.268
c	0.016	γ₀	1.58
m	1.0	α₀	0.46
$ε · 0$ /s^-1	1×10^-6

Table 3 Material model parameters of 93W[20]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	17.6	T_m/K	3695
G/GPa	160	T_r/K	300
a/MPa	1505.8	C_p/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	384
b/MPa	176.5	C_v /(m·s^-1)	4046
n	0.12	S₁	1.268
c	0.016	γ₀	1.58
m	1.0	α₀	0.46
$ε · 0$ /s^-1	1×10^-6

Table 4 Material model parameters of B4C ceramics[22-23]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	2.51	B	0.7311
K₁/GPa	233	M	0.85
K₂/GPa	-593	$ε · 0$ /s^-1	1.0
K₃/GPa	2800	T/GPa	0.26
β	1.0	S_FMAX	0.2
G/GPa	197	HEL/GPa	19.0
A	0.9637	P_HEL/GPa	8.71
N	0.67	D₁	0.001
c	0.005	D₂	0.50

Table 4 Material model parameters of B4C ceramics[22-23]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	2.51	B	0.7311
K₁/GPa	233	M	0.85
K₂/GPa	-593	$ε · 0$ /s^-1	1.0
K₃/GPa	2800	T/GPa	0.26
β	1.0	S_FMAX	0.2
G/GPa	197	HEL/GPa	19.0
A	0.9637	P_HEL/GPa	8.71
N	0.67	D₁	0.001
c	0.005	D₂	0.50

Table 5 Material model parameters of CFRP[25⇓-27]

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ/(g·cm^-3)	1.81	G_bc/GPa	3.43
E_a/GPa	60	G_ca/GPa	3.43
E_b/GPa	60	X_C/MPa	2150
E_c/GPa	12.3	X_T/MPa	2150
υ_ba	0.051	Y_C/MPa	199.8
υ_ca	0.21	Y_T/MPa	62.3
υ_cb	0.21	S_c/MPa	81.5
G_ab/GPa	12

Fig.9 Finite element model of CFRP-coated B4C ceramic

Table 6 Comparison between numerical simulated and test results

工况编号	试验结果		仿真结果		误差/ %
工况编号	侵彻结果	剩余速度v_r/ (m·s^-1)	侵彻结果	剩余速度v_r/ (m·s^-1)	误差/ %
1-1	击穿	396	击穿	469	18.43
1-2	击穿	228	击穿	210	-7.89
1-3	击穿	457	击穿	444	-2.84
1-4	击穿	1 006	击穿	990	-1.59

Fig.10 Projectile speed versus time

Fig.11 Kinetic energy of projectile versus time

Fig.12 Projectile acceleration versus time

Fig.13 Stress and damage nephogram of penetrating process

Table 7 Simulated results of residual velocitym/s

v₀/ (m·s^-1)	D/T
v₀/ (m·s^-1)	0.583	0.700	0.875	1.080	1.167	1.300	1.630	2.170
900	294	469	590	735	692	751	817	831
950	345	521	621	737	736	804	844	886
1000	400	557	654	780	773	854	890	924
1050	420	606	686	824	821	896	955	971
1100	427	639	731	874	866	928	995	1 020
1150	464	673	772	919	907	978	1030	1070
1200	547	696	829	961	947	1010	1070	1100

Fig.14 Relationship curves of impact velocity and residual velocity under different D/T conditions

Fig.15 Relationship curves of k, h and D/T

Table 8 Comparison of test and theoretical values

工况编号	D/T	v₀/ (m·s^-1)	v_r/(m·s^-1)		误差/ %
工况编号	D/T	v₀/ (m·s^-1)	试验值	计算值	误差/ %
1-1	0.875	771	396	455	14.78
1-2	0.583	831	228	220	-3.67
1-3	1.833	528	457	468	2.50
1-4	1.833	1120	1006	1001	-0.48
1-5	1.375	661	519	531	2.34
1-6	1.100	664	440	469	6.53
1-7	0.917	658	373	388	4.08

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Penetration Effect of Tungsten Alloy Spherical Projectile on CFRP-coated B₄C Ceramics

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