Numerical Simulation of Temperature Rise of 4340 Steel Projectile Penetrating into 45# Steel Target

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0734

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to obtain the basic characteristics of the temperature rise of projectile during the process of penetrating into a metal target, the temperature rise of 4340 steel spherical projectile penetrating into 45# steel target isexperimentally studiedwith a first-stage light gas gun. Based on the experimental conditions, a finite element model of 4340 steel projectile penetrating into 45# steel target is established using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software. After a good fit between the numerical simulation model and the experimental results, the effects of the initial velocity of 4340 steel projectile, the thickness of target plate and the temperature distribution of two layers of target when 4340 steel projectile penetrates into 45# steel target are discussed in detail by changing the initial conditions. The results show that the temperature rise of projectile is mainly distributed in the head of projectile during the process of penetration. The temperature rise of projectile during penetration increases with the increase of velocity. When two layers of target are penetrated, the temperaturerise of projectile mainly occurs in the process of penetrating into the first layer of target.

Key words: 45# steel target, penetration, 4340 steel, temperature rise, numerical simulation

CLC Number:

TJ301

YU Shuangyang, PENG Yong. Numerical Simulation of Temperature Rise of 4340 Steel Projectile Penetrating into 45# Steel Target[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(S1): 144-151.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of light gas gun installation

Fig.2 Projectile and projectile support assembly

Fig.3 Target and its fixing device

Table 1 Initial experimental conditions and temperature test results

编号	初速度/ (m·s^-1)	时间间隔/ s	测量温度/ ℃	备注
1-1	625	79.2	-	有熔化痕迹
1-2	757	46.1	-	有熔化痕迹
1-3	427	53.5	70.3

Fig.4 State of projectileand target after penetrating at different initial velocities

Fig.5 Temperature measurement of projectile after penetrating (initial velocity: 427m/s)

Fig.6 Grid division of projectile and target

Table 2 Projectile parameters [17]

弹性模量 E/GPa	剪切模量 G/GPa	泊松比	A/MPa	B/MPa
207	78.0	0.300	792	510
n	C	m	T_m	T_r
0.260	0.014	1.03	1793	294

Table 3 Target parameters[18]

弹性模量 E/GPa	剪切模量 G/GPa	泊松比	A/MPa	B/MPa
200	77.0	0.300	507	320
n	C	m	T_m	T_r
0.280	0.064	1.06	1795	294

Fig.7 Comparison of projectile-target interaction states between numerical simulation and experimental results at different speeds

Fig.8 Comparison of the shapes of projectile and target

Fig.9 Temperature distribution of projectile at different velocities

Fig.10 Temperature distribution of the projectile and targets with different thicknesses(initial velocity: 625m/s)

Fig.11 Temperature distribution of projectile penetrating into targets with different thicknesses

Fig.12 Temperature distribution of projectile penetrating into 2 layers of 3mm-thick target

Fig.13 Temperature distribution of projectile penetrating into 3mm+2mm target

References 20

[1]	FORRESTAL M J, OKAJIMA K, LUK V K. Penetration of 6061-T651 aluminum targets with rigid long rods[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1988, 55(4): 755-760. doi: 10.1115/1.3173718 URL
[2]	蒋志刚, 曾首义, 周建平. 刚性尖头弹侵彻有限厚度金属靶板分析模型[J]. 兵工学报, 2007, 28(8): 923-929.
	JIANG Z G, ZENG S Y, ZHOU J P. An analytical model for penetration into finite thickness metallic target struck by rigid sharp-nosed projectiles[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2007, 28(8): 923-929. (in Chinese)
[3]	赵太勇, 王维占, 赵军强, 等. 12.7mm动能弹侵彻装甲钢板的结构响应特性研究[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2020, 41(10): 146-149.
	ZHAO T Y, WANG W Z, ZHAO J Q, et al. Study on structural response characteristics of 12.7mm kinetic energy projectile penetrating armor plate[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2020, 41(10): 146-149. (in Chinese)
[4]	王凯雷, 李明净, 董雷霆. 12.7mm弹侵彻不同强度钢靶的数值模拟[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2022, 42(8): 108-120.
	WANG K L, LI M J, DONG L T. Simulation on penetration of a 12.7mm projectile into steel targets with different strengths[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2022, 42(8): 108-120. (in Chinese)
[5]	ANDREW J P, KEVIN L P. Meeting the challenges of hypervelocity impact testing at 10km/s[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2023, 180: 104665. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2023.104665 URL
[6]	李德聪, 陈力, 丁雁生. 装药弹体侵彻混凝土厚靶中的炸药摩擦起爆模型[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2009, 29(1): 13-17.
	LI D C, CHEN L, DING Y S. A model of explosion induced by friction in the process ofloaded projectiles penetrating into concrete targets[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2009, 29(1): 13-17. (in Chinese)
[7]	张旭, 曹仁义, 谭多望. 超音速侵彻混凝土过程中装药安定性结构设计的动摩擦理论分析[J]. 高压物理学报, 2012, 26(1): 63-68.
	ZHANG X, CAO R Y, TAN D W. A dynamic friction analysis method of charge survivability during supersonic penetration of concrete targets[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2012, 26(1):63-68. (in Chinese)
[8]	孙宝平, 段卓平, 皮爱国, 等. 弹体侵彻过程中装药温升的近似分析[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2012, 32(3): 225-230.
	SUN B P, DUAN Z P, PI A G, et al. Approximate analysis on temperature rise in charge explosive during projectile penetration[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2012, 32(3): 225-230. (in Chinese) doi: 10.1007/BF02097095 URL
[9]	邵伟, 范锦彪, 耿宇飞, 等. 基于微元法的侵彻体弹头摩擦升温计算方法[J]. 探测与控制学报, 2022, 44(2): 34-40.
	SHAO W, FAN J B, GENG Y F, et al. Penetrator warhead friction temperature rise calculation based on micro element method[J]. Journal of Detection & Control, 2022, 44(2): 34-40. (in Chinese)
[10]	赵奇, 齐明思, 丁爱国, 等. 弹丸侵彻装甲钢板温度场数值模拟研究[J]. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2016, 39(1):94-97.
	ZHAO Q, QI M S, DING A G, et al. Numerical simulation on temperature field of projectile penetrating armor steel plate[J]. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering, 2016, 39(1):94-97. (in Chinese)
[11]	赵庚, 陈智刚, 李世纪, 等. 半穿甲战斗部侵彻过程中温升的数值模拟[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2019, 40(2): 67-70.
	ZHAO G, CHEN Z G, LI S J, et al. Numerical simulation of temperature rise during penetration process of half armor piercing warhead[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2019, 40(2): 67-70. (in Chinese)
[12]	GUO L, HE Y, ZHANG X F, et al. Thermal-mechanical analysis on the mass loss of high-speed projectiles penetrating concrete targets[J]. European Journal of Mechanics A/Solids, 2017, 65: 159-177 doi: 10.1016/j.euromechsol.2017.03.011 URL
[13]	DONG K, JIANG K, JIANG C L, et al. Study on mass erosion and surface temperature during high-speed penetration of concrete by projectile considering heat conduction and thermal softening[J]. Materials, 2023, 16(3604): 3604. doi: 10.3390/ma16093604 URL
[14]	王梦茵. SPH方法双金属爆炸焊接界面波数值模拟[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2014.
	WANG M Y. The bimetal explosive welding interface wave numerical simulation by SPH method[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2014. (in Chinese)
[15]	徐林红, 饶建华. 金属材料及热处理[M]. 武汉: 华中科技大学出版社, 2019.
	XU L H, RAO J H. Metal materials and heat treatment[M]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press, 2019. (in Chinese)
[16]	田宪华, 闫奎呈, 赵军, 等. GH2132高温高应变率下力学性能分析与Johnson-Cook本构模型的建立[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(7): 872-881.
	TIAN X H, YAN K C, ZHAO J, et al. Properties at elevated temperature and high strain rate and establishment of Johnson-Cook constitutive model for GH2132[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(7): 872-881. (in Chinese)
[17]	JOHNSON G R, COOK W H. A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high temperatures[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1983, 21.
[18]	陈刚, 陈小伟, 陈忠富, 等. A3钢钝头弹撞击45钢板破坏模式的数值分析[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2007, 27(5): 390-397.
	CHEN G, CHEN X W, CHEN Z F, et al. Simulations of A3 steel blunt projectiles impacting 45 steel plates[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2007, 27(5): 390-397. (in Chinese)
[19]	VASU K R S, VINITH Y G, UDAY S G, et al. A review on Johnson Cook material model[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2022, 62: 3450-3456. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.279 URL
[20]	HALLQUIST J O. Ls-dyna keyword user's manual[Z]. Livemore Software Technology Corporation, 2017.