Dynamic Bending Fracture Behavior of Zirconia Ceramic

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0020

Abstract

Abstract:

The dynamic three-point bending test of zirconia ceramics is carried out by using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) device combined with a newly designed fixture.The fracture initiation time of the specimen is determined by the strain gauge and finite element simulation,and the bending strength of the specimen is calculated from a transmission bar signal.It is found that the fracture initiation time of the specimen matches well with the peak moment of the transmitted wave,so that the peak value of the transmitted wave can be used to determine the bending strength.The force equilibrium of the specimen during loading is verified by analyzing the experimental data.In addition,the accuracy of determined fracture initiation time is verified by high-speed photography.The results show that the bending strength of the specimen shows a positive correlation with the loading rate and the fracture initiation time of the specimen shows a negative correlation with the loading rate in the loading rate range of 85.4-239.7TPa/s.With the increase in loading rate,the failure mode of zirconia ceramic specimens changes from a mixture mode of transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture to a failure mode dominated by transgranular fracture.

Key words: split Hopkinson pressure bar, dynamic bending strength, three-point bending test, zirconia ceramic

CLC Number:

CAI Zhicheng, XU Zejian, GUO Baoqiao, LIU Yan, HUANG Fenglei. Dynamic Bending Fracture Behavior of Zirconia Ceramic[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(4): 240020-.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig.1 Geometric dimensions of zirconia ceramic specimen

Table 1 Composition and mass fraction of zirconia ceramic %

ZrO₂	Y₂O₃	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	Fe₂O₃	TiO₂	灼烧后质量损失	水分
≥95	0~ 5.31	0~ 0.23	0~ 0.0113	0~ 0.0008	0~ 0.0013	0~2.03	0~0.80

Table 2 Mechanical properties of zirconia ceramic

ρ/(g·cm^-3)	E/GPa	μ	σ_b/MPa
5.9~6.1	210	0.3	950

Fig.2 Experimental setup and fixture

Fig.3 Typical experimental signals

Fig.4 Bending stress-time curve

Fig.5 Comparison of the experimental forces at two ends of the specimen and the force equilibrium factor under a loading rate of 184.6TPa/s

Fig.6 Comparison of the experimental forces at two ends of the specimen and the force equilibrium factor under a loading rate of 98.5TPa/s

Fig.7 The finite element meshes of specimen and fixture

Fig.8 Stress distribution of specimen at fracture initiation moment

Table 3 Mechanical properties of the incident and transmission bars and fixture

名称	材料	ρ/(kg·m^-3)	E/GPa	μ
入射杆	18Ni钢	8000	190	0.3
加载夹具	40Cr钢	7820	199	0.3
支撑夹具、透射杆	7075铝合金	2700	70	0.3

Fig.9 Comparison between experimental and FEA results of the strain signal from the specimen under a loading rate of 98.5TPa/s

Table 4 Experimental results

编号	起裂时间/μs	弯曲强度/MPa	加载速率/(TPa·s^-1)
T1	16.8	992	98.5
T2	15.8	1034	113.9
T3	16.0	1006	119.2
T4	15.0	1091	114.6
T5	16.6	878	85.4
T6	14.8	1615	184.6
T7	14.0	1863	239.7
T8	15.6	1084	117.5
T9	15.0	1155	135.0
T10	15.4	1126	133.3
T11	14.8	1431	166.7

Fig.10 Relationship between fracture initiation time and loading rate

Fig.11 Relationship between bending strength and loading rate

Fig.12 High-speed photographic images under a loading rate of 184.6TPa/s

Fig.13 Microstructure of zirconia fracture under a loading rate of 135TPa/s

Fig.14 Microstructure of zirconia fracture under a loading rate of 184.6TPa/s

References 37

[1]	DRESCH A B, VENTURINI J, ARCARO S, et al. Ballistic ceramics and analysis of their mechanical properties for armour applications:a review[J]. Ceramics International, 2020, 47(7):8743-8761.
[2]	WOODWARD R L. A simple one-dimensional approach to modelling ceramic composite armour defeat[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1990, 9(4):455-474.
[3]	张林, 陈斌, 谭清华, 等. 陶瓷复合装甲抗14.5mm穿燃弹侵彻性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(4):758-767. doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0244
	ZHANG L, CHEN B, TAN Q H, et al. Bullet-proof performance of ceramic composite armors against 14.5mm armor-piercing projectiles[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(4):758-767. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0244
[4]	余毅磊, 王晓东, 任文科, 等. 陶瓷/金属复合靶受12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹侵彻时弹靶破碎特征[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(9):2307-2317.
	YU Y L, WANG X D, REN W K, et al. Fragmentation characteristics of 12.7mm armor-piercing incendiary projectile and ceramic/metal composite target during penetration[J]. Acta Armamentarrii, 2022, 43(9):2307-2317. (in Chinese)
[5]	王明扬, 郑宇轩, 李天鹏, 等. 分段弹芯对陶瓷/钢复合装甲的侵彻行为[J] 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12):3667-3675. doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2023.0274
	WANG M Y, ZHENG Y X, LI T P, et al. Behavior of segmented projectile penetrating into ceramic/steel composite armor[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 44(12):3667-3675. (in Chinese)
[6]	司鹏, 白帆, 刘彦, 等. 不同厚度比陶瓷/金属复合装甲抗弹性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(9):2318-2329.
	SI P, BAI F, LIU Y, et al. Ballistic performance of ceramic/metal composite armor systems with different thickness ratios[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(9):2318-2329. (in Chinese)
[7]	ZHENG J, JI M, ZAIEMYEKEH Z, et al. Strain-rate-dependent compressive and compression-shear response of an alumina ceramic[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2022, 42(16):7516-7527.
[8]	VENKATESAN J, IQBAL M A, MADHU V. Experimental and numerical study of the dynamic response of B₄C ceramic under uniaxial compression[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2020,154:106785.
[9]	李云鹏, 宋静, 张智钰, 等. 稳定氧化锆陶瓷力学性能研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2022, 36(增刊2):74-82.
	LI Y P, SONG J, ZHANG Z Y, et al. Research progress in mechanical properties of stabilized zirconia ceramics[J]. Materials Reports, 2022, 36(S2):74-82. (in Chinese)
[10]	LIU D Z, HU J F, ZHANG G Y, et al. Effect of synthesizing temperature of alumina powder with rose-like structure on the microstructure and mechanical property of alumina ceramic[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2024,28:1907-1914.
[11]	LI H Y, HAO H J, TIAN Y, et al. Temperature dependence of flexural strength and residual stress of Al₂O₃ reinforced by kyanite coating[J]. Ceramics international, 2022, 48(19):28745-28750.
[12]	FU Y, CHEN M R, XIAO P, et al. Influence of graphitization treatment on microstructure and flexural strength of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites fabricated via reactive melt infiltration[J]. Ceramics International, 2023, 49(18):29391-29399.
[13]	GAO J J, SONG J P, PING P, et al. Effect of sintering temperature on residual stress,microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC-HfN/TiC-TiN laminated ceramic[J]. Ceramics International, 2023, 49(23):38432-38438.
[14]	MURAMOTO M, TATAMI J, IIJIMA M, et al. Deformation behavior and bending strength of single crystal 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia at microscopic scale[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2024, 44(2):1061-1069.
[15]	高玉波, 秦国华, 张伟, 等. TiB₂-B₄C复合陶瓷动态压缩特性研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(11):2304-2310. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.11.015
	GAO Y B, QIN G H, ZHANG W, et al. Research on dynamic compression properties of TiB₂-B₄C composit[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2019, 40(11):2304-2310. (in Chinese)
[16]	WAN W, FENG Y B, YANG J, et al. Microstructure,mechanical and high-temperature dielectric properties of zirconia-reinforced fused silica ceramics[J]. Ceramics International, 2016, 42(5):6436-6443.
[17]	FAN J Y, LIN T T, HU F X, et al. Effect of sintering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of zirconia-toughened alumina machinable dental ceramics[J]. Ceramics International, 2016, 43(4):3647-3653.
[18]	TATAMI J, IMOTO Y, YAHAGI T, et al. Relationship between bending strength of bulk porous silicon carbide ceramics and grain boundary strength measured using microcantilever beam specimens[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2020, 40(7):2634-2641.
[19]	GAO S Y, WANG C, XING B H, et al. Experimental investigation on bending behaviour of ZrO₂ honeycomb sandwich structures prepared by DLP stereolithography[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2020,157:107099.
[20]	ZHANG C, LUO Z Q, CAO J W, et al. Mechanical reinforcement of 3D printed cordierite-zirconia composites[J]. Ceramics International, 2022, 48(4):5636-5645.
[21]	李玉龙, 郭伟国, 徐绯, 等. Hopkinson压杆技术的推广应用[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2006(5):385-394.
	LI Y L, GUO W G, XU F, et al. The extended application of Hopkinson bar technique[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2006(5):385-394. (in Chinese)
[22]	CHEN T Y, JIANG Q Y, XUE J, et al. Dynamic three-point bending tests under high loading rates[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2023,188:110836.
[23]	ZHOU Y, ZHOU H, ZOU S Z, et al. Investigation of dynamic three-point bending fracture properties of SCB sandstone[J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 2024,129:104232.
[24]	ZHANG Q B, ZHAO J. Determination of mechanical properties and full-field strain measurements of rock material under dynamic loads[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 2013, 60(8):423-439.
[25]	王振, 索涛, 李玉龙, 等. 退火及化学钢化硅酸盐玻璃的动态弯曲力学行为研究[J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2019, 39(10):1006-1011.
	WANG Z, SUO T, LI Y L, et al. Dynamic flexural mechanical behavior of annealed and chemically strengthend silicate glass[J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2019, 39(10):1006-1011. (in Chinese)
[26]	BRAGOV A M, PETROV Y V, KARIHALOO B L, et al. Dynamic strengths and toughness of an ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2013, 110(3):477-488.
[27]	ZHENG J, LI H Y, HOGAN J D. Strain-rate-dependent tensile response of an alumina ceramic:experiments and modelling[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2022,173:104487.
[28]	FAN C Z, XU Z J, HAN Y, et al. Study on mode I dynamic fracture characteristics with a mini three-point bending specimen for the split Hopkinson bar technique[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2023,179:104635.
[29]	张涛然, 晁晓洁, 郭丽红, 等. 材料力学[M]. 重庆: 重庆大学出版社, 2018.
	ZHANG T R, ZHAO X J, GUO L H, et al. Mechanics of materials[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2018. (in Chinese)
[30]	ZHANG C, GUAN T H, REN T F, et al. Influences of SiC infiltration and coating on compressive mechanical behaviours of 2D C/SiC composites up to 1600 °C at wide-ranging strain rates[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2022, 42(9):3787-3801.
[31]	牛欢欢, 闫晓鹏, 罗浩舜, 等. 不同应变率下蓝宝石透明陶瓷玻璃的力学响应[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2022, 42(7):74-83.
	NIU H H, YAN X P, LUO H S, et al. Mechanical response of sapphire transparent ceramic glass at different strain rates[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2022, 42(7):74-83. (in Chinese)
[32]	ZAIEMYEKEH Z, LI H Y, ROMANYK D L, et al. Strain-rate-dependent behavior of additively manufactured alumina ceramics:characterization and mechanical testing[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2024,28:3794-3804.
[33]	王玲玲, 田一雅, 石皓帆, 等. 高应变率下ZrB2-SiC陶瓷复合材料压缩力学性能实验研究[J]. 应用力学学报, 2020, 37(2):517-521,924.
	WANG L L, TIAN Y Y, SHI H F, et al. Experimental study on compressive mechanical properties of ZrB₂-SiC ceramic composites at high strain rate[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2020, 37(2):517-521,924. (in Chinese)
[34]	HUANG J Y, YUAN J C, ZHU T T, et al. Dynamic compressive strength of alumina ceramics[J]. Ceramics International, 2022, 48(24):36371-36382.
[35]	KARANJGAOKAR A, LI H Y, HOGAN J D. Strain-rate-dependent dynamic compression-shear response of alumina[J]. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(2):3861-3876.
[36]	WANG H Y, CAI D L, YANG Z H, et al. Quasi-static and dynamic compressive behavior of BN-BAS composite ceramic at room temperature and 1000℃[J]. Ceramics International, 2022, 48(17):25547-25555.
[37]	龚江宏. 陶瓷材料脆性断裂的显微结构效应[J]. 现代技术陶瓷, 2021, 42(增刊2):287-428.
	GONG J H. Microstructural effects in brittle fracture of ceramics[J]. Advanced Ceramics, 2021, 42(S2):287-428. (in Chinese)