Influence of Shallow Water Effect on Hydrodynamic Performance of Amphibious Vehicles

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0809

Abstract

Abstract:

The water-jet propeller is main propulsion plant of amphibious vehicle when it navigates on the surface.There are significant differences in the vehicle body attitude and the inflow conditions of propeller at different navigation depths in the land-water interface zone,which significantly affects the propulsion performance.In order to study the mutual influence of amphibious vehicle and water-jet propeller under water depth conditions,this paper takes water jet propulsion amphibious vehicle as the research object,and uses the finite volume method,the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model,the volume of fluid (VOF) two-phase flow model and the dynamic fluid body interaction (DFBI) motion model to numerically calculate the hydrodynamic performance of the pump-vehicle-integrated amphibious vehicle at different rotational speeds of water-jet propeller under different water depth conditions.The grid uncertainty is analyzed,and the accuracy of the algorithm is verified by comparing the calculated values with the experimental results.The motion law,flow field distribution characteristics and hydrodynamic performance of the pump-vehicle-integrated amphibious vehicle under different navigation conditions were obtained through analysis.The results show that,in the deep water environment,the amphibious vehicle is in the drainage sailing state,and the body attitude of vehicle changes greatly when sailing at a low speed,which affects the stability of the axial flow of fluid in the propeller; the body sailing state of vehicle and the flow rate and head of propeller are relatively stable when sailing at a high speed.In shallow water environment,the amphibious vehicle is in subcritical state when sailing in low speed and has larger longitudinal inclination and sinking amount than those in deep water environment,and the resistance of the vehicle body is increased by 13.65% on average.When sailing at high speed,the amphibious vehicle enters into the supercritical state,the vehicle body floats up rapidly,and the sailing speed is the same as that under the deep water condition.And after the stabilisation,the amplitude of attitude change is small,and the stability of propeller performance is improved.In the shallow water environment with different depths,the vehicle body in the shallower water environment is more obviously affected by the shallow water effect and is subjected to greater resistance during low-speed navigation,while there is no obvious difference in the hydrodynamic performance of amphibious vehicle at different depths during high-speed navigation.Therefore,the amphibious vehicle should increase the output power of the propeller when passing through the shallow water area and quickly enters the supercritical state to reduce the influence of shallow water effect on it.

Key words: amphibious vehicle, pump-vehicle-integration, hydrodynamic characteristics, shallow water effect, computational fluid dynamics

XIAO Zixun, LIU Haoran, CHEN Tairan, HUANG Biao, WANG Guoyu. Influence of Shallow Water Effect on Hydrodynamic Performance of Amphibious Vehicles[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(9): 240809-.

Figures/Tables 22

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the geometric model of a water-jet propelled amphibious vehicle

Table 1 Geometrical sizes and performance parameters of water jet propelled amphibious vehicle[22]

两栖车辆参数	数值	喷水推进器参数	数值
总长L/m	2.14	叶轮直径/mm	149.5
总宽B/m	0.87	喷口直径d/mm	105
总高/m	0.52	设计转速/(r·min^-1)	2340
质量M/kg	240.05	流量/(m³·s^-1)	0.108
		扬程/m	7.12

Fig.2 Calculation domain and boundary condition settings

Fig.3 Overall meshing of computational domain,and free surface and impeller refinement meshing

Fig.4 y+ distribution cloud maps of amphibious vehicle and vector water-jet propeller wall

Table 2 Computational numerical uncertainty analysis

物理量	S₁	S₂	S₃	R_s	P	D_e	U_s	U_v	$E S 2$
前进方向合力/N	61.19	59.68	56.89	0.54	0.89	62.37	3.02	4.34	2.69
纵倾角/(°)	-1.75	-1.70	-1.61	0.55	0.85	1.80	0.11	0.14	0.10
升沉/mm	-61.30	-61.75	-62.70	0.48	1.06	62.91	3.02	4.34	2.69

Table 2 Computational numerical uncertainty analysis

物理量	S₁	S₂	S₃	R_s	P	D_e	U_s	U_v	$E S 2$
前进方向合力/N	61.19	59.68	56.89	0.54	0.89	62.37	3.02	4.34	2.69
纵倾角/(°)	-1.75	-1.70	-1.61	0.55	0.85	1.80	0.11	0.14	0.10
升沉/mm	-61.30	-61.75	-62.70	0.48	1.06	62.91	3.02	4.34	2.69

Fig.5 Amphibious vehicle drag mold test[22]

Fig.6 Comparison of experimental and calculated results

Fig.7 Evolution of propeller rotational speed,with amphibious vehicle velocity and attitude

Fig.8 Amphibious vehicle wave-making states at low and high speeds

Fig.9 Evolution of amphibious vehicle longitudinal inclination with propeller lift and flow

Fig.10 Evolution of propeller performance with impeller inlet surface mean acceleration

Fig.11 The longitudinal inclination of amphibious vehicle and the velocity inhomogeneity,lift,and flow Parameters of propeller

Fig.12 Propeller velocity inhomogeneity variation versus SI parameter distribution in the inter-lobe flow field

Fig.13 Characteristics of longitudinal inclination evolution of amphibious vehicles in deep and shallow water environments

Fig.14 Characteristics of amphibious vehicle lift and sink and Fourier number evolution in deep and shallow water environments

Table 3 Navigation characterisitics of amphibious vehicle in different environments

加速阶段	环境	Fr,Fr_h	航行状态	升沉量
第1次	深水	<1	排水航行
第1次	浅水	<1	亚临界状态	下沉量较大
第2次	深水	<1	排水航行	略微上浮
第2次	浅水	>1	超临界状态	大幅上浮

Fig.15 Velocity and drag characteristics of amphibious vehicle in deep and shallow water environments

Fig.16 Hydrodynamic characteristics of amphibious vehicles during transient startup in different water depths

Fig.17 Characteristics of propeller flow changes in deep and shallow water environments

Fig.18 SI parameter distributions of interblade flow fields of propellers in deep water and shallow water environment at low rotational speeds

Fig.19 Characteristics of propeller head evolution in deep and shallow water environments

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