Numerical Simulation of Cavitation and Ballistic Characteristics of Underwater Electromagnetically Launched Projectile in the Cross-flow Environment

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0690

Abstract

Abstract:

The cavitation and ballistic characteristics of an underwater electromagnetically launched projectile during ejection process under the cross-flow environment are studied. The ejection process of underwater electromagnetically launched projectile without gas at different cross-flow velocities is numerically simulated based on the overlapped grid technology, VOF multiphase flow model and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model. This paper aims to investigate the coupling mechanism of the cross-flow, the ejection cavitation and the motion of the projectile. The results show that the supercavities on the windward side decrease and the supercavities on the leeward side increase under the effect of cross-flow, while the windward surface of the projectile near the launch tube is still wetted. As the pressure of projectile increases, the viscous drag of projectile out of the launch tube increases, and the differential pressure force acts in the direction of the cross-flow, and it becomes more significant with the increase in the cross-flow velocity. Meanwhile the windward supercavities disappear, the windward surface is completely wetted, and the pressure in the wake region of the leeward side decreases dramatically, which leads to the large expansion of the supercavities. The local pressure near the leeward stationary point in the wake region increases, causing the center of the supercavities to collapse inward. The lateral force and drag of projectile motion are dramatically increased, and the pitching moment is along the clockwise direction due to the greater force in the conical section of projectile as compared to the cylindrical section, which leads to the deflection of projectile in the direction of the cross-flow, resulting in a clockwise deflection. The deflection of projectile becomes more pronounced with the growth of displacement, and the trajectory destabilization occurs.

Key words: underwater electromagnetic launch, cross-flow effect, cavitation, supercavitating projectile, ballistic characteristics

CLC Number:

TJ630.1

ZHANG Xin, ZHOU Biaojun, ZHAO Zijie, LI Haoyong, DAI Qi. Numerical Simulation of Cavitation and Ballistic Characteristics of Underwater Electromagnetically Launched Projectile in the Cross-flow Environment[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(5): 240690-.

Figures/Tables 22

Fig.1 Physical model of projectile

Table 1 Physical parameters of projectile

弹长 L/mm	弹径 D/mm	空化器直径 D_n/mm	质量/ g	I_xx/ (kg·m²)	I_yy、I_zz/ (kg·m²)
170	12.65	4	136	2.5×10^-6	1.6×10^-3

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of a multi-stage electromagnetic coil launcher

Fig.3 Interior ballistic curves

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of computational domain and boundary conditions

Fig.5 Grid division setting

Fig.6 Comparison of simulated results and empirical formula results in Ref.[24]

Fig.7 Velocity curves of projectile under different grid densities

Fig.8 Shapes of cavities under different mesh densities

Fig.9 y+ distribution on the projectile surface

Fig.10 Evolution of launch tube cavity without cross-flow effect

Table 2 Evolution of launch tube cavity under different cross-flow velocities

Fig.11 Cavity shapes on the symmetry plane

Fig.12 Cavity shapes on the cross section

Fig.13 Streamlines of flow fields around the launch tube on the symmetry plane

Fig.14 Velocity vectors and static pressure contour under different cross-flow velocities

Fig.15 Drag coefficient, lateral force coefficient and pitching moments of projectile

Fig.16 Static pressure contours of the projectile

Fig.17 Static pressure contours of projectile

Fig.18 Axial pressure curves on the windward side of projectile

Fig.19 Differential pressure and viscous forces of projectile at different velocities

Fig.20 Ballistic characteristics of projectile

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