Effect of PBX Interface on Hot Spot Formation and Safety under Impact Loading

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0122

Abstract

Abstract:

The interfacial structure of polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) has a significant effect on the hot spot formation and impact safety. In order to study the ignition response process of PBX under impact condition, a finite element model reflecting the real internal structural characteristics of the PBX is established by digital modeling and vectorization of images. The model considers the heat generated by friction, the temperature rises caused by crystal deformation, and the exothermic reaction. The hot spot formation under PBX impact load is numerically simulated. Hot spot density is introduced as a basis for determining whether material ignition occurs, and the effects of crystal surface roughness and crystal coating defects on the ignition sensitivity and impact safety of PBX are analyzed. The results show that the internal heat of PBX initially comes from frictional heat generation and crystal deformation during impact loading, and when the temperature gradually raises, the heat mainly comes from the exothermic reaction of crystal. The critical hot spot density for material ignition is 0.68mm^-2. Reducing the crystal surface roughness and improving the coating quality of crystal can help to inhibit the formation of hot spots and reduce the material sensitivity, which can improve PBX safety. This work can be used to evaluate the ignition sensitivity and safety of high explosives and guide their production and processing.

Key words: polymer-bonded explosive, impact ignition, hot spot, interface structure, safety

CLC Number:

O381

XIA Quanzhi, WU Yanqing, CHAI Chuanguo, YANG Kun, HUANG Fenglei. Effect of PBX Interface on Hot Spot Formation and Safety under Impact Loading[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(6): 1840-1853.

Figures/Tables 20

Fig.1 SEM image of PBX

Fig.2 Finite element model reflecting the real internal structural characteristics of PBX

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of finite element model for PBX flyer impact test

Fig.4 Typical traction-separation response

Table 1 Mechanical property parameters of the materials

材料	ρ₀/ (g·cm^-3)	G₀/ GPa	σ/ GPa	c/ (km·s^-1)	s	γ₀
HMX	1.90	2.70	0.10	2.90	2.06	1.10
Estane	1.10	0.27	0.01	2.35	1.70	1.00
钢	7.85	79.00	1.85	4.57	1.49	1.93

Table 2 Therophysical parameters of the materials

材料	λ/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	C/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	Q/(J·g^-1)	Z/s^-1	E/(J·mol^-1)	R/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)
HMX	0.37	1100	2100	5×10¹⁹	2×10⁵	8.314
Estane	0.226	1155
钢	50	445

Fig.5 Validation of computational models

Fig.6 Pressure distribution under impact loading at different times

Fig.7 Temperature distribution under impact loading at different times

Fig.8 Distribution of temperature field in PBX and location of monitoring points

Fig.9 Temperature and pressure variation at the monitoring points under impact loading

Fig.10 Evolution process of hot spot

Fig.11 Scheme for hot spot detection

Fig.12 Effect of impact pressure on hot spots

Fig.13 Schematic diagram of rough surface of crystal

Fig.14 Effect of interface friction coefficients on hot spot formation

Fig.15 Effect of different interface friction coefficients on hot spots

Fig.16 PBX mesostructure model with initial interface debonding damage

Fig.17 Effect of interface debonding content on hot spot formation

Fig.18 Effect ofinterface debonding damage on hot spot formation

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