Capacitance Variation of High-Voltage Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Under Uniaxial Static Pressure

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0103

Abstract

Abstract:

In view of the capacitance drift of the high-voltage ceramic capacitor under external force, it is proposed that the main reason for the capacitance change of the ceramic capacitor under external force is the change of dielectric properties of the material, rather than the change of capacitance spacing. For the application scenarios of the high-voltage capacitor, the change of the dielectric properties of dielectric materials under external force under certain field strengths is analyzed by the theoretical model of phenomenological thermodynamics. Tensile stress increases the dielectric constant of materials, and compressive stress decreases the dielectric constant of materials. The results of further uniaxial tests and finite element simulations show that: the pressure parallel to the inner electrode produce tensile stress, leading to the increase of the dielectric constant and rising capacitance of the dielectric material; the pressure perpendicular to the inner electrode causes the dielectric material to produce compressive stress, thus reducing the dielectric constant of the material as well as the capacitance. The research results prove that the theoretical model of phenomenological thermodynamics can be used to analyze the capacitance drift of the ceramic capacitor under external force, which may provide important guidance for the adaptability analysis and design of high-voltage ceramic capacitors under more complex environmental conditions.

Key words: high voltage capacitor, capacitance, phenomenological thermodynamic model, static pressure

LIU Bo, YANG He, ZHAO Hui, WU Xuexing, LI Huamei, CHENG Xiangli. Capacitance Variation of High-Voltage Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Under Uniaxial Static Pressure[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(6): 1858-1866.

Figures/Tables 21

Fig.1 Structure diagram of high-voltage ceramic capacitor[12-13]

Table 1 Material parameters of the electrode and dielectric material[14-15]

材料	密度ρ/ (kg·m^-3)	弹性模量 E/GPa	泊松比 ν	屈服强度 σ_s/MPa	热膨胀系数/ (10^-6K^-1)
Ni	8900	207	0.31	690	13.5
BaTiO₃	6000	91	0.33		7.6

Table 2 Coefficients of Gibbs free energy[18]

相关系数	α₁/ (J·m·C^-2)	α₁₁/ (J·m⁵·C^-4)	α₁₂/ (J·m⁵·C^-4)	α₁₁₁/ (J·m⁹·C^-6)	α₁₁₂/ (J·m⁹·C^-6)	α₁₂₃/ (J·m¹³·C^-8)	α₁₁₁₁/ (J·m¹³·C^-8)	α₁₁₁₂/ (J·m¹³·C^-8)
数值	4.124×10⁵(T-115)	-2.097×10⁸	-7.974×10⁸	1.294×10⁹	-1.95×10⁹	-2.500×10⁹	3.863×10¹⁰	2.529×10¹⁰
相关系数	α₁₁₂₂/ (J·m¹³·C^-8)	α₁₁₂₃/ (J·m¹³·C^-8)	Q₁₁/ (m⁴·C^-2)	Q₁₂/ (m⁴·C^-2)	Q₄₄/ (m⁴·C^-2)	S₁₁/ (m²·N^-1)	S₁₂/ (m²·N^-1)	S₄₄/ (m²·N^-1)
数值	1.637×10¹⁰	1.367×10¹⁰	0.11	-0.043	0.059	8.3×10^-12	-2.5×10^-12	9.24×10^-12

Fig.2 Force diagram of high-voltage ceramic capacitor

Fig.3 Variation of relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material with tensile stress

Fig.4 Variation of relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material with compressive stress

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of capacitor test piece

Fig.6 Partial section of high-voltage capacitor

Fig.7 Test pieces of the high-voltage capacitor

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of compression test

Table 3 Histories of stress applied to capacitor from different directions

时间/min	平行于内电极方向的压力/kN	垂直于内电极方向的压力/kN	对应电容表面压力/MPa
0	0	0.45	0
5	2.55	0.90	10
10	5.10	1.80	20
15	10.20	2.70	40
20	15.30	3.60	60
25	20.40	0.45	80
30	2.55	5.40	100
35	30.60	0.45	120

Fig.9 Variations of stress and capacitance with pressure

Fig.10 Variation of capacitance with pressure parallel to the direction of inner electrode

Fig.11 Variations of stress and capacitance with pressure

Fig.12 Variation of capacitance with pressure perpendicular to the direction of inner electrode

Fig.13 Simplified geometric model of the high-voltage capacitor

Fig.14 Stress distribution of capacitor under pressure parallel to the inner electrode

Fig.15 Stress distribution of capacitor under pressure perpendicular to the inner electrode

Table 4 Stress state of the dielectric material under pressure of different amplitudes MPa

方向	压力/MPa
方向	10	20	40	60	80	100	120
平行于内电极	0.2	0.5	0.9	1.4	1.8	2.3	2.8
垂直于内电极	-8.2	-16.0	-32.0	-48.8	-65.1	-81.4	-97.3

Fig.16 Comparison of simulation results and test results of the change rate of dielectric constant of the material under pressure parallel to the inner electrode

Fig.17 Comparison of simulation results and test results of the change rate of dielectric constant of the material under pressure perpendicular to the inner electrode

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