轻质高熵合金聚能射流毁伤混凝土靶行为研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0642

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近来轻质高熵合金材料凭借其优异的力学性能及对爆轰驱动作用的适应性,在聚能战斗部上的应用范围愈加广泛,有望为聚能装药轻质化提供助力。基于CoCrFeNiTi五元轻质高熵合金材料动态力学性能实验,获得材料的Johnson-Cook热黏塑性动态本构方程,藉此设计一种多层带隔板装药结构。通过数值模拟与静态威力试验相结合的方法,验证该材料用做聚能药型罩的可行性,获得药型罩厚度对其成型射流的影响规律。研究结果表明:药型罩厚度的增大能提升成型射流的头部密实度,有助于提升横向开孔能力;当药型罩厚度为5mm时,成型射流能够对4层25mm厚C40混凝土靶实现完全贯穿,靶板大面积崩落的毁伤作用,并在靶内部形成直径约为75mm的侵彻通道。

关键词: 轻质高熵合金, 聚能装药, 混凝土靶, 侵彻

Abstract:

Recently, the lightweight high-entropy alloys (LHEAs) have been widely used in shaped charge warhead due to their excellent mechanical properties and adaptability to detonation driving, which is expected to provide help for the lightweight design of shaped charge. The Johnson-Cook thermo-viscoplastic dynamic constitutive equation of CoCrFeNiTi five-element lightweight high-entropy alloy is obtained by the experiment of dynamic mechanical properties. Therefore, a multilayer charge structure with wave shaper is designed. The feasibility of using the material as a liner is verified through numerical simulation and experiment. The influence of liner thickness on its shaped jet is obtained. The results show that the increase in the thickness of liner can improve the head density of the shaped jet and help to improve the lateral effect. When the thickness of liner is 5mm, the jet can completely penetrate the four layers of 25mm-thick C40 concrete target and achieve the damage effect of large area collapse of the target plate. A penetrating channel with a diameter of about 75mm is formed inside the target.

Key words: lightweight high-entropy alloy, shaped charge, concrete target, penetration

中图分类号:

TJ410.3

刘承哲, 王海福, 张甲浩, 郑元枫. 轻质高熵合金聚能射流毁伤混凝土靶行为研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(S1): 60-69.

LIU Chengzhe, WANG Haifu, ZHANG Jiahao, ZHENG Yuanfeng. Research on Behavior of Lightweight High-entropy Alloy Jet Penetrating Concrete Targets[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S1): 60-69.

图/表 21

图1 典型锥角药型罩压垮成型示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of collapse process of a conical liner

图2 霍普金森杆实验装置示意图

Fig.2 The experimental setup of Hopkinson bar

表1 CoCrFeNiTi高熵合金材料本构参数

Table 1 Constitutive parameters of CoCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloy material

ρ_L/ (g·cm^-3)	A/ MPa	B/ MPa	n	C	m	T_m/ K
6.42	381	755	0.78	0.0352	0.76	1775

表2 CoCrFeNiTi高熵合金材料状态参数

Table 2 Equation of state parameters of CoCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloy

C₀/(m·s^-1)	S	Γ
4902	1.53	1.90

图3 LHEA原料(左)及药型罩(右)

Fig.3 LHEA alloy raw material (left) and liner (right)

图4 LHEA聚能装药结构图

Fig.4 Structure of shaped charge with LHEA liner

图5 射流成型模型

Fig.5 Simulation model of jet formation

图6 射流侵彻模型

Fig.6 Simulation model of jet penetration

图7 网格收敛性分析

Fig.7 Mesh convergence

表3 部分J-C模型参数

Table 3 Partial J-C model parameters

材料	ρ_A/(g·cm^-3)	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	c	m	T_m/K
铝合金	2.78	369	684	0.73	0.0083	1.7	775

表4 RHT强度模型参数

Table 4 RHT strength model

ρ_C/(g·cm^-3)	SHEAR	F_c	F_T	F_S	A	N
2.3	0.153	1.67×10^-4	0.08	0	1.6	0.61

表5 8701炸药JWL模型参数

Table 5 JWL equation parameters of 8701 explosive

ρ_E/(kg·m^-3)	D/(km·s^-1)	A/GPa	B/GPa	E₀/(kJ·m^-3)	R₁	R₂	ω	p_C-J/GPa
1.71	8.315	524.23	7678	8.5×10⁶	4.2	1.1	0.34	28.6

表6 8701炸药Lee-Tarver模型参数

Table 6 Lee-Tarver equation parameters of 8701 explosive

I	b	a	x	G₁	c	d	y	G₂	e	g	z	λ_igmax	λ_G1max	λ_G2max
44	0.222	0.01	4	414	0.222	0.667	2	400	0.222	1	1.2	0.3	1	1

图8 装药起爆后装药内部压力作用过程

Fig.8 Internal pressure action process of charge after detonation

表7 射流成型计算结果汇总

Table 7 Calculated results of jet forming

图9 不同δ下射流沿轴线速度分布

Fig.9 Axial velocity of the jet with different δ

图10 不同δ条件下射流侵彻混凝土靶过程示意图

Fig.10 Process of jet penetrating into concrete target under different δ conditions

图11 不同δ条件下射流侵彻混凝土靶毁伤结果

Fig.11 Results of jet penetrating into concrete target under different δ conditions

图12 试验原理(左)及靶场布置(右)

Fig.12 Experimental principle (left) and range layout(right)

图13 混凝土靶毁伤情况(左为边缘毁伤情况,右为部分靶板正面毁伤情况)

Fig.13 Damage of concrete targets (left:damage to the edges,right:some frontal damage effects)

表8 仿真与试验结果对比

Table 8 Comparison of experimental and simulated results

仿真与试验结果 (δ=5mm)	侵彻深度/ mm	侵彻通道直径/mm
仿真结果	1000+/完全侵穿	71
试验结果	1000+/完全侵穿	75

参考文献 21

[1]	BAKER W E. Explosion hazards and evaluation[M]. New York, NY, US:Elsevier,1983.
[2]	SHI J, HUANG Z H, ZU X D, etal. Cohesiveness and penetration performance of jet: theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2023, 175:104543.
[3]	郑元枫, 王仕鹏, 李培亮, 等. 活性/金属串联爆炸成型弹丸侵爆耦合毁伤行为[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(8):2273-2282. doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0356
	ZHENG Y F, WANG S P, LI P L, et al. Combined damage behavior of penetration and blast of reactive/metal tandem EFPs[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(8):2273-2282. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12382/bgxb.2022.0356
[4]	SUN T, WANG H F, WANG S P, et al. Formation behaviors of rod-like reactive shaped charge penetrator and their effects on damage capability[J]. Defence Technology, 2024, 32(2):242-253.
[5]	张晓伟, 段卓平, 张庆明. 钛合金药型罩聚能装药射流成型与侵彻实验研究[J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2014, 34(12):1229-1233.
	ZHANG X W, DUAN Z P, ZHANG Q M. Experimental study on the jet formation and penetration of conical shaped charges with titanium alloy liner[J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2014, 34(12):1229-1233. (in Chinese)
[6]	XU W L, WANG C, CHEN D P. Formation of a bore-center annular shaped charge and its penetration into steel targets[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2019, 127:122-134.
[7]	任思远, 张庆明, 张晓伟, 等. 环形射流和中心爆炸成型弹丸组合战斗部对混凝土墙的破孔特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(8):1569-1579.
	REN S Y, ZHANG Q M, ZHANG X W, et al. On the perforation characteristics of concrete wall induced by annular jet and central EFP combined warhead[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(8):1569-1579. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.08.001
[8]	YEH J W, CHEN S K, LIN S J, et al. Nanostructured high-entropy alloys with multiple principal elements: novel alloy design concepts and outcomes[J]. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2004, 6(5):299-303.
[9]	CANTOR B, CHANG I T H, KNIGHT P, et al. Microstructural development in equiatomic multicomponent alloys[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2004, 375-377: 213-218.
[10]	GEORGE E P, RAABE D, RITCHIE R O High-entropy alloys[J]. Nature Reviews Materials, 2019, 4(8):515-534. doi: 10.1038/s41578-019-0121-4
[11]	卜叶强, 王宏涛. 多主元合金中的化学短程有序[J]. 力学进展, 2021, 51(4):915-919.
	BU Y Q, WANG H T. Short-range order in multicomponent alloys[J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2021, 51(4):915-919. (in Chinese)
[12]	鄢阿敏, 乔禹, 戴兰宏. 高熵合金药型罩射流成型与稳定性[J]. 力学学报, 2022, 54(8):2119-2130.
	YAN A M, QIAO Y, DAI L H. Formation and stability of shaped charge liner jet of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechani, 2012, 54(8):2119-2130. (in Chinese)
[13]	PUGH E M, EICHELBERGER R, ROSTOKER N. Theory of jet formation by charges with lined conical cavities[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1952, 23(5):532-536.
[14]	ZHANG Y, ZHOU Y J, LIN J P, et al. Solid-solution phase formation rules for multi-component alloys[J]. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2008, 10(6):534-538.
[15]	JOHNSON G R, COOK W H. A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains high strain rates and high temperatures[C]// Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ballistics.The Hague, The Netherlands:,1983.
[16]	王维斌, 索涛, 郭亚洲, 等. 电磁霍普金森杆实验技术及研究进展[J]. 力学进展, 2021, 51(4):729-754.
	WANG W B, SUO T, GUO Y Z, et al. Experimental technique and research progress of electromagnetic Hopkinson bar[J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2021, 51(4):729-754. (in Chinese)
[17]	经福谦. 实验物态方程导引[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999:197-199.
	JING F Q. Experimental equation of state guidance[M]. Beijing: Science and Technology Press, 1999:197-199. (in Chinese)
[18]	LEE E L, TARVER C M. Phenomenological model of shock initiation in heterogeneous explosives[J]. Physics of Fluids, 1980, 23:2362-2372.
[19]	ZHENG Y F, ZHENG Z J, LU G C, et al. Mesoscale study on explosion-induced formation and thermochemical response of PTFE/Al granular jet[J]. Defence Technology, 2023, 23:112-125.
[20]	MA H B, ZHENG Y F, WANG H F, et al. Formation and impact-induced separation of tandem EFPs[J]. Defence Technology, 2020, 16(3):668-677. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2019.09.003
[21]	AUTODYN material library.ANSYS R17.2[R]. Livermore, CA, US: Livermore Software Technology Corporation, 2016.