浅水规则波中舰船压力场目标特性快速算法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0303

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

舰船航行引起的压力场特性是海战场的重要信息源,而舰船航行遭遇波浪,船-波相互作用引起的压力波动成为舰船自身压力场的背景干扰,影响目标的预判与识别。针对浅水规则波环境,开展舰船航行引起的压力场目标特性快速算法研究。基于浅水波动理论结合造波源项与移动压力项法,建立适用于浅水规则波环境的压力场建模方法,提出灵活高效的算法,并独立编写预报程序,逐步实现浅水规则波环境、静水中舰船压力场模拟以及舰船迎浪航行引起的压力时空演变特性预报。在验证性研究基础上,对比分析船、浪遭遇前后引起的压力场特性,以及亚、超临界航速下压力分布特性,揭示波浪对压力场特性的影响,为海洋环境干扰下舰船目标特性的预报与识别提供理论依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 舰船, 波浪环境, 压力场, 快速预报算法, 目标特性

Abstract:

Pressure field caused by ship sailing is an important information in the ocean battlefield. When a ship sails against waves, the pressure fluctuation caused by ship-wave interaction becomes the background interference of ship’s own hydrodynamic pressure field, which affects the accurate prediction and identification of ship target. Therefore, a fast algorithm for the target characterization of pressure field caused by ship sailing against regular waves in the shallow water is studied. The theoretical and numerical methods of pressure field suitable for regular waves environment and full speed of ship are established by using the wave source term method and moving pressure term method on the basis of shallow-water wave theory. Meanwhile, a fast and efficient numerical algorithm is developed, and an algorithmic program is compiled, which can simulate the regular waves in shallow water, the ship hydrodynamic pressure field in static water, and the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of pressure caused by ship sailing against waves. Based on the validation study, the characteristics of pressure field caused before and after a ship encounters with waves as well as the distribution characteristics of pressure at subcritical or supercritical speed are compared and analyzed, and the influence of waves interference on the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of pressure is revealed, which provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the prediction and identification of ship target under the disturbance of waves environment.

Key words: ship, wave environment, pressure field, fast forecasting algorithm, target characterization

中图分类号:

U661.33

邓辉, 李沛豪, 易文彬, 夏维学, 孟庆昌. 浅水规则波中舰船压力场目标特性快速算法[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(5): 240303-.

DENG Hui, LI Peihao, YI Wenbin, XIA Weixue, MENG Qingchang. A Fast Target Forecasting Algorithm for Pressure Field Caused by Ship Sailing in Shallow Water with Regular Waves[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(5): 240303-.

图/表 20

图1 舰船迎浪航行示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of ship sailing against waves

表1 船模主尺度

Table 1 Main particulars of ship model

参数	数值		参数	数值
L/m	1.0		d_s/m	0.0521
b/m	0.198		C_b	0.558

图2 基于式(11)的船体扰动压力分布图

Fig.2 Pressure distribution of hull based on Eq.(11)

图3 计算域示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of computation domain

图4 数值算法方案示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of numerical method

表2 网格无关性分析

Table 2 Grid independence analysis

网格	Δx/m	Δy/m	Δt/s	网格数	$C p m i n$	$C p m i n$ 相对误差/%	L_p/m	L_p相对误差/%
1	0.10	0.10	0.0576	16281	-0.093	9.4	0.862	4.2
2	0.05	0.10	0.0288	32481	-0.092	8.2	0.862	4.2
3	0.05	0.05	0.0288	64561	-0.080	5.8	0.860	4.5

表2 网格无关性分析

Table 2 Grid independence analysis

网格	Δx/m	Δy/m	Δt/s	网格数	$C p m i n$	$C p m i n$ 相对误差/%	L_p/m	L_p相对误差/%
1	0.10	0.10	0.0576	16281	-0.093	9.4	0.862	4.2
2	0.05	0.10	0.0288	32481	-0.092	8.2	0.862	4.2
3	0.05	0.05	0.0288	64561	-0.080	5.8	0.860	4.5

图5 不同网格的压力波动曲线对比 (v=1.73m/s,Fh=1.24)

Fig.5 Comparisons of pressure fluctuation curves based on different grids(v=1.73m/s,Fh=1.24)

图6 静水中舰船航行引起的压力空间分布(h=0.2L)

Fig.6 Three-dimensional pressure distribution caused by ship sailing in static water(h=0.2L)

图7 静水中舰船航行引起的压力波动曲线

Fig.7 Fluctuation curves of pressure caused by ship sailing in static water

图8 阻尼边界对波浪模拟的影响(t=30s)

Fig.8 Influence of damping boundary on generated waves for t=30s

图9 不同周期的计算波浪曲线(t=20s)

Fig.9 Generated waves in different periods (t=20s)

图10 不同造波源位置t=15s时的波浪三维图

Fig.10 Three-dimensional distribution of generated waves at different xw for t=15s

图11 舰船迎浪航行问题描述

Fig.11 Diagram of ship sailing against waves

表3 4种典型工况

Table 3 Four typical cases

工况	h/L	v/(m·s^-1)	F_h	ζ/L	T $g / L$
1	0.2	1.16	0.83	0.0023	3.275
2	0.2	1.73	1.24	0.0023	3.275
3	0.3	1.36	0.79	0.0038	3.993
4	0.3	1.36	0.79	0.0075	5.054

表3 4种典型工况

Table 3 Four typical cases

工况	h/L	v/(m·s^-1)	F_h	ζ/L	T $g / L$
1	0.2	1.16	0.83	0.0023	3.275
2	0.2	1.73	1.24	0.0023	3.275
3	0.3	1.36	0.79	0.0038	3.993
4	0.3	1.36	0.79	0.0075	5.054

图12 水底A点处压力波动时程曲线

Fig.12 Cp~t curves at point A on the bottom

图13 舰船迎浪航行引起的压力波动二维分布

Fig.13 Two-dimensional distribution of pressure caused by ship sailing against waves

图14 船以亚临界航速迎浪航行引起的压力波动(工况1)

Fig.14 Fluctuation curves of pressure caused by ship sailing against waves at subcritical speed (Case 1)

图15 不同时刻下舰船迎浪航行引起的压力分布(工况1)(左为2D,右为3D)

Fig.15 Distribution of pressure caused by ship sailing against waves at different times (Case 1) (left: 2D, right: 3D)

图16 船以超临界航速迎浪航行引起的压力波动(工况2)

Fig.16 Fluctuation curves of pressure caused by ship sailing against waves at supercritical speed (Case 2)

图17 不同时刻下船迎浪航行引起的压力分布(工况2)(左为2D,右为3D)

Fig.17 Distribution of pressure caused by ship sailing against waves at different times (Case 2)(left: 2D, right: 3D)

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