动能导弹弹体的冲击载荷理论模型

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0041

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

动能导弹是一种结合动能打击效应和穿甲侵彻效应的新型反装甲武器,为探索动能导弹冲击作用过程的载荷特性,通过考虑不同速度段的弹靶作用行为,建立动能导弹弹体的冲击载荷计算模型。计算结果表明:弹体的冲击载荷与弹体几何特征、撞击速度、密度与强度等属性均有直接关系。低速时弹体的冲量变化较小,而高速时破碎质量反溅会使冲量明显增大,且壳体的冲量贡献在撞击冲量中的占比更大;冲击载荷曲线的幅值会随着壳体强度和密度的增加而提升,但密度对载荷波形特征的影响更为明显;相同速度下,壳体强度对弹体动量传递因子的影响较小,而壳体密度则对其影响较大,传递因子曲线会随着密度增加呈现先上升后降低的趋势。

关键词: 动能导弹, 冲击载荷, 高速侵彻, 动量传递

Abstract:

Kinetic energy missile is a new type of anti-armor weapon that combines the effects of kinetic energy strike and armor penetration, but there is currently no relevant theoretical model available for reference regarding the load characteristics and influencing factors of impact process. The load characteristics of the impact process of kinetic energy missiles are studied. By considering the missile-target action behaviors in different velocity ranges, a calculation model for the impact load of kinetic energy missile body is established. The calculated results indicate that the impact load of missile is directly related to the geometric characteristics, impact velocity, density, strength, and other properties of missile. The change in the impulse of missile is relatively small at low velocity, but at high velocity, the rebound of the shattered mass significantly increases the impulse, and the impulse contribution of the shell accounts for a larger proportion of the impact impulse. The amplitude of impact load curve increases with the increase of shell strength and density, but the influence of density on the load waveform characteristics is more obvious. At the same velocity, the influence of shell strength on the momentum transfer factor of missile is relatively small, but the influence of shell density has a significant effect on it. At the same velocity, the influence of shell strength on the momentum transfer factor of missile is relatively small, while the shell density has a greater impact on it, The transfer factor curve shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase in density.

Key words: kinetic energy missile, impact load, hypervelocity penetration, momentum transfer

中图分类号:

O385

杨泽寰, 张先锋, 刘闯, 谈梦婷, 熊玮. 动能导弹弹体的冲击载荷理论模型[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(S1): 20-32.

YANG Zehuan, ZHANG Xianfeng, LIU Chuang, TAN Mengting, XIONG Wei. Theoretical Model for Impact Load of Kinetic Energy Missile[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S1): 20-32.

图/表 23

图1 弹体低速撞击靶体过程

Fig.1 Process of missile impacting the target at low velocity

图2 弹体不同部分的速度分布函数

Fig.2 Velocity distribution function of different parts of missile

图3 弹体高速撞击靶体过程

Fig.3 The process of missile impacting the target at high velocity

图4 计算模型求解流程图

Fig.4 Solving flowchart of calculation model

图5 试验弹体外形与结构

Fig.5 Structure and shape of test missile

图6 不同质量比例关系的动能弹体方案

Fig.6 The schemes of kinetic energy missiles with different mass ratios

图7 弹体的结构函数

Fig.7 The structural functions of missile

表1 弹体几何与质量参数

Table 1 Geometric and mass parameters of kinetic energy missile

弹体方案	弹体长度/ mm	弹芯长度/ mm	弹芯直径/ mm	弹体质量/ g
方案1	96.6	14.5	7.5	128.3
方案2	106.6	24.5	6.5	128.3
方案3	116.6	34.5	5.5	128.3

表2 弹靶材料参数

Table 2 Material parameters of missile and target

	材料密度/ (g·cm^-3)	屈服强度/ MPa	剪切模量/ GPa	材料泊松比
穿甲弹芯	17.6	631.0	-	0.28
壳体	2.85	602.5	-	0.33
靶体	7.8	553.0	77	0.30

表3 试验与理论的靶体速度结果对比

Table 3 Comparison of experimental and theoretical target velocities

弹速/ (m·s^-1)	方案1靶体速度/(m·s^-1)
弹速/ (m·s^-1)	文献[8]试验值	本文模拟值	误差
1018	6.78	6.43	5.2%
1068	6.82	6.67	2.2%
1335	9.03	8.09	10.4%

表4 数值模拟与理论的靶体速度结果对比

Table 4 Comparison of numerically simulated and theoretical target velocities

弹速/ (m·s^-1)	方案2靶体速度/(m·s^-1)			方案3靶体速度/(m·s^-1)
弹速/ (m·s^-1)	文献[8] 模拟值	本文模拟值	误差	文献[8] 模拟值	本文模拟值	误差
1068	7.37	6.58	10.7%	7.36	6.60	10.32%
1335	9.39	8.00	14.8%	9.75	8.35	14.4%
1500	11.02	10.03	9.0%	11.32	10.27	9.3%
1700	12.3	13.82	12.4%	12.72	14.57	14.5%

图8 不同撞击速度下弹体冲击载荷的变化

Fig.8 The variation of missile impact load at different impact velocities

图9 归一化载荷峰值与初始撞击速度的关系

Fig.9 The relationship between normalized peak load and initial impact velocity

图10 动量传递因子与初始撞击速度的关系

Fig.10 The relationship between momentum transfer factor and initial impact velocity

图11 弹体冲量组成与初始撞击速度的关系

Fig.11 The relationship between the composition of missile impulse and initial impact velocity

图12 不同壳体强度下冲击载荷的变化

Fig.12 The variation of impact load under the condition of different shell strengths

图13 不同壳体强度下头尾速度变化

Fig.13 The variation of head and tail velocities under the condition of different shell strengths

图14 不同撞击速度下总冲量与壳体强度关系

Fig.14 The relationship between the total impulse and the shell strength under different impact velocities

图15 不同撞击速度下动量传递因子与壳体强度关系

Fig.15 The relationship between momentum transfer factor and shell strength under different impact velocities

图16 不同壳体密度下冲击载荷变化

Fig.16 The variation of impact load under the condition of different shell densities

图17 不同壳体密度下头尾速度变化

Fig.17 The variation of head and tail velocities under the condition of different shell densities

图18 不同撞击速度下总冲量与壳体密度关系

Fig.18 The relationship curve between the total impulse and the shell density under different impact velocities

图19 不同撞击速度下动量传递因子与壳体密度关系

Fig.19 The relationship between momentum transfer factor and shell density under different impact velocities

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