透镜飞行器击水弹跳运动数值模拟

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0102

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探索跨介质飞行器水面弹跳过程中的运动特性和自由液面特性,对于跨介质飞行器的着水和弹跳复飞研究有着重要的参考价值。基于无网格粒子数值模拟方法研究透镜跨介质飞行器击水弹跳运动特性及液面变化特性,在与试验值对比的基础上,重点研究不同自旋速度、击水速度和击水角度对透镜飞行器击水弹跳运动特性及自由液面特性的影响。研究结果表明:自旋速度是保证透镜跨介质飞行器顺利实现击水弹跳运动的必要条件,受飞行器自旋速度诱导出现的触水区马格努斯效应会导致飞行器出现侧向运动;击水弹跳过程普遍包括稳定下落、击水、弹跳至平稳飞行三个阶段,自由液面受飞行器强烈冲击出现液面破碎和液体迸溅现象;击水弹跳过程中,飞行器击水速度衰减率及砰击载荷受自旋速度影响较小,主要受击水速度与击水角度影响,击水速度与击水角度越大,速度衰减率及砰击载荷越大。

关键词: 透镜飞行器, 击水弹跳, 无网格粒子法, 跨介质, 液面破碎

Abstract:

Exploration of the motion and free water surface characteristics of the trans-media aircraft during the water skipping is of significant reference value for the research on the water landing and skipping re-flight problems. The motion and free water surface characteristics of trans-media aircraft during water-skipping are simulated based on the meshless particle method. The effects of different spin velocities, water-entry velocities and water-entry angles on the water-skipping of lenticular aircraft are studied based on the comparison with the experimental values. It is shown that the spin velocity is crucial to keep the smooth water-skipping for lenticular aircraft. The Magnus effect due to the spin velocity causes the lateral motion of lenticular aircraft. Water-skipping process generally includes three stages: stable fall, impact to water and skipping to smooth flight. The free water surface breakage and water burst phenomenon are caused by the impact from the aircraft. During the water skipping, the velocity decay rate and the impact load are less affected by the spin velocity, but mainly by the entry-water velocity and the entry-water angle. The larger the entry-water angle and entry-water velocity is, the greater the velocity decay rate and the impact load are.

Key words: lenticular aircraft, water-skipping, meshless particle method, trans-media, free water surface breakage

中图分类号:

TJ760.2

任帆涛, 牛钰森, 姜毅, 杨宝生. 透镜飞行器击水弹跳运动数值模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(5): 1482-1496.

REN Fantao, NIU Yusen, JIANG Yi, YANG Baosheng. Numerical Simulation of Lenticular Aircraft during Water-skipping[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(5): 1482-1496.

图/表 27

图1 粒子作用半径

Fig.1 Effective radius of particle

图2 飞行器几何模型

Fig.2 Geometric model of aircraft

表1 几何模型参数

Table 1 Geometric model parameters

参数	Pye Wacket	实验模型
质量m/kg	230.00	180.00
直径D/m	1.80	1.20
厚度h/m	0.23	0.23

图3 数值模拟计算域

Fig.3 The domain of numerical simulation calculation

图4 数值模拟与试验结果对比

Fig.4 Comparison of numerically simulated and experimental results

图5 空泡形态演变对比图

Fig.5 Comparison of cavitation evolution

表2 粒子化液面击水弹跳过程

Table 2 Water skipping process of particulate water surface

表3 液面翻卷闭合过程

Table 3 Watwe surface rollover closure process

图6 透镜飞行器击水起跳击水速度-角度图谱

Fig.6 Water-entry velocity and angle graph of lenticular aircraft during skipping over the water smoothly

表4 不同转速飞行器起跳状况

Table 4 Skipping condition of aircraft at different angular velocities

表5 不同转速不同时刻液面变化

Table 5 Change in water surface at different moments at different angular velocities

图7 不同转速垂向载荷分布状况对比

Fig.7 Comparison of vertical load distributions at different angular velocities

图8 不同角速度对比曲线

Fig.8 Comparison curve of different angular velocities

图9 不同转速侧向运动参数比较

Fig.9 Comparison curve of lateral motion parameters

图10 击水马格努斯效应

Fig.10 Magnus effect of water skipping

表6 不同击水速度不同时刻液面变化

Table 6 Variation in water surface at different moments at different entry-water velocities

图11 不同击水速度下无量纲速度与击水深度对比曲线

Fig.11 Comparison curve of dimensionless velocity and water skipping depth under different entry-water velocities

表7 不同击水速度击水状况

Table 7 Water skipping conditions at different velocities

击水速度/(m·s^-1)	击水深度/cm	触水时间/ms
300	13.82	16.60
400	14.13	13.61
600	14.33	9.01

图12 垂向载荷分布状况对比

Fig.12 Comparison of vertical load distributions

图13 侧向位移变化曲线

Fig.13 Variation curve of lateral displacement

图14 运动参数云图分布

Fig.14 Contours distribution of motion parameter

图15 角动量衰减率云图

Fig.15 Contours of angular momentum decay rate

表8 不同击水角度下不同时刻液面变化

Table 8 Variation in water surface at different moments ar different water-entry angles

图16 无量纲速度vx/v变化曲线

Fig.16 Variation curve of dimensionless velocity vx/v

表9 不同击水角度击水状况

Table 9 Water skipping conditions at different angles

α/(°)	入水深度/cm	触水时间/ms	角动量衰减/‰
1	12.89	31.22	0.60
3	14.13	13.61	0.68
5	15.02	9.50	0.74

图17 垂向载荷分布状况对比

Fig.17 Comparison of vertical load distributions

图18 侧向位移变化曲线

Fig.18 Variation curve of lateral displacement

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