预置舵角对跨介质航行体入水尾拍运动影响试验

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.1117

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究预置舵角对跨介质航行体高速入水过程尾拍运动特性的影响,搭建高速入水试验平台并设计带有内测单元的试验模型,开展入水角为20°时不同预置舵角下跨介质航行体高速入水试验研究。采用高速摄像机记录入水空泡,同时由内测单元测量航行体的运动参数和表面压力,分析预置舵角对跨介质航行体高速入水过程中空泡发展特性、入水运动特性以及表面压力的影响规律。试验结果表明:跨介质航行体入水过程中先后经历滑行运动阶段和尾拍运动阶段,尾拍形成的法向过载最高可达滑行产生法向过载的2倍;入水距离约5倍航行体长度时,入水空泡形成闭合,泡内压力在闭合前后呈先降低后增大的变化趋势;入水空泡闭合时,随着预置舵角增大,形成的附体空泡与主体空泡发生分离,在预置舵角为10°时,空泡尾流出现双涡管现象;预置舵角越大,跨介质航行体入水转平/偏转能力越强,当形成单侧尾拍运动后,航行体爬升效率提升。

关键词: 跨介质航行体, 预置舵角, 尾拍载荷, 滑行运动

Abstract:

In order to study the influence of preset rudder angle on the tail-slapping characteristics of a trans-media vehicle during high-speed water entry, a high-speed water entry experiment platform is built. A experimental model with an internal measurement unit is designed, and the high-speed water entry experiment of the trans-media vehicle with different preset rudder angles at the water entry angle of 20° is carried out. A high-speed camera is used to record the cavity during water entry of the vehicle, and the internal measurement unit is used to measure the motion parameters and surface pressure of the vehicle. The influence of preset rudder angle on the characteristics of cavity development and water entry as well as the surface pressure of the trans-media vehicle during high-speed water entry is analyzed. The experimental results show that: during the process of water entry, the trans-media vehicle goes through the stages of planing movement and tail-slapping, and the normal overload formed by tail-slapping can be up to twice of that caused by the planing; when the water entry distance is about 5 times the length of the vehicle, the cavity closes, and the pressure in the cavity decreases first and then increases before and after the cavity closure; when the cavity is closed, the attached cavity is separated from the main cavity as the preset rudder angle increases; when the preset rudder angle is 10°, the wake flow of the cavity shows the phenomenon of double vortex tube; with the increase of the preset rudder angle, the turn-flat ability of the trans-media vehicle is enhanced, and the climbing efficiency of the vehicle is improved when single-sided tail-slapping occurs.

Key words: trans-media vehicle, preset rudder angle, tail-slapping load, planing motion

刘喜燕, 袁绪龙, 罗凯, 祁晓斌. 预置舵角对跨介质航行体入水尾拍运动影响试验[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(6): 1632-1642.

LIU Xiyan, YUAN Xulong, LUO Kai, QI Xiaobin. Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Preset Rudder Angle on Tail-slapping of a Trans-media Vehicle during Water Entry[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(6): 1632-1642.

图/表 15

图1 试验系统示意图

Fig.1 Schematic of experimental setup

图2 试验现场布置图

Fig.2 Photo of experimental site

图3 入水试验模型

Fig.3 Model of water entry experiment

图4 测量单元安装结构

Fig.4 Diagram of installation structure of measurement unit

图5 坐标系定义

Fig.5 Definition of the coordinate system

图6 入水空泡形态演化过程

Fig.6 Cavity development during water entry

图7 空泡轮廓对比

Fig.7 Comparison of cavity profiles

图8 有无预置舵角时跨介质航行体运动特性

Fig.8 Motion characteristics of the trans-media vehicle with or without preset rudder angle

图9 航行体受力分析示意图

Fig.9 Diagram of force analysis of the vehicle

表1 不同预置舵角下跨介质航行体入水空泡发展过程

Table 1 Cavity development of trans-media vehicle during water entry under different preset rudder angles

图10 航行体各测点压力变化曲线

Fig.10 Pressure curves of measuring points of the vehicle

图11 不同预置舵角下的过载与攻角随时间变化曲线

Fig.11 Curves of variation of overload and angle of attack with time at different preset rudder angles

图12 不同预置舵角下航行体俯仰角速度和俯仰角变化曲线

Fig.12 Variation curves of pitch angular velocity and pitch angle under different preset rudder angles

图13 不同预置舵角下航行体速度随时间变化曲线

Fig.13 Velocity-time curves at different preset rudder angles

图14 不同预置舵角下航行体质心运动轨迹

Fig.14 Motion trajectories of the vehicle’s center of mass at different preset rudder angles

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