火工分离螺母作动噪声的预示和解耦

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0641

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

火工分离装置在水下武器应用中,可能会由于其作动噪声过大的问题给目标带来暴露的风险。利用有限元+边界元的数值计算方法,建立了火工分离螺母作动噪声的仿真预示模型,展示了分离过程中瞬态辐射噪声的传播过程,分析了火工分离螺母作动噪声的来源和产生机理,结合试验和仿真模型计算了各声源的辐射声功率,对噪声源进行了定量解耦。研究结果表明,在10~6000Hz的频段内,内套筒撞击的贡献量约为50%,螺母瓣撞击的贡献量约为23%,燃烧噪声的贡献量不到1%,但是在低于400Hz的低频段内,燃烧噪声的贡献较大,约为22%,仿真结果与试验测试结果一致性较好。

关键词: 火工分离螺母, 作动噪声, 有限元, 边界元

Abstract:

The pyrotechnic separation device may bring the risk of exposure to a target due to its excessive actuation noise in its application in underwater weapon. Combined with the finite element and boundary element method, a numerical model is established to predict the actuation noise of pyrotechnical separation nut, which realizes the visualization of transient radiated noise during the separation process. The validity of the numerical model is verified by experiments.The source and generation mechanism of actuation noise are analyzed, and the noise source is quantitatively decoupled by calculating the sound power based on the test and simulation model. The results show that, in the frequency band of 10~6000Hz, the contribution of the impact of inner sleeve is about 50%, and the contribution of the impact of nut flap is about 23%. The contribution of combustion noise is less than 1%, but in the low-frequency band below 400Hz, the contribution of combustion noise is more significant, about 22%.

Key words: pyrotechnic separation nut, actuation noise, finite element simulation, boundary element

中图分类号:

TJ45⁺9

杨拓, 熊诗辉, 汪靖程, 赵象润, 温玉全. 火工分离螺母作动噪声的预示和解耦[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(3): 763-773.

YANG Tuo, XIONG Shihui, WANG Jingcheng, ZHAO Xiangrun, WEN Yuquan. Actuation Noise Prediction and Decoupling of Pyrotechnic Separation Nut[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(3): 763-773.

图/表 26

图1 反推式分离螺母结构示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of an indirect thrust separation nut

图2 测试系统原理示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of test system

图3 测试系统现场布置图

Fig.3 Site layout of test system

表1 传感器及信号采集系统的参数

Table 1 Parameters of sensors and signal acquisition system

名称	型号	量程	频响特性
压力传感器	KISTLER601A	0~25MPa
环形力传感器	CL-YD-305M	0~50kN
声压传感器	INV9204	0~156dB	20~50kHz

图4 电爆管结构示意图

Fig.4 Schematic of electric burst pipe

图5 分离螺母1/2有限元模型

Fig.5 1/2 finite element model of separation nut

图6 内套筒(左)和活塞(右)压力加载面

Fig.6 Pressure loading surfaces of sleeve(left) and piston(right)

图7 实测燃气压力-时间曲线

Fig.7 Measured gas pressure-time curve

表2 部件材料模型及参数[19]

Table 2 Material modeland parameters of components[19]

部件	材料	密度/(g·cm³)	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	屈服强度/MPa
外壳	7A04铝	2.85	72	0.33	400
活塞、内套筒、端盖	1Cr11Ni2W2MoV不锈钢	8.00	206	0.30	855
剪切销、垫块、安装块	2A12铝	2.78	69	0.33	255
螺母瓣、螺杆	35CrMnSiA合金钢	7.85	207	0.30	1907

图8 预紧力施加示意图

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of preload application

图9 初始应力云图

Fig.9 Von-Mises stress

图10 声学边界元模型

Fig.10 Acoustic boundary element model

图11 分离螺母结构响应及辐射声场的计算方法

Fig.11 Calculation method of structural response and radiated sound field

图12 分离螺母分离过程中关键时刻的应力云图

Fig.12 Von-Mises stress at critical moment in the separation process

图13 有限元与试验预紧力释放曲线对比

Fig.13 Comparison of simulated and experimental preload release curves

图14 瞬态辐射声波传播过程

Fig.14 Propagation process of transient radiated sound

图15 不同角度监测点辐射噪声结果对比

Fig.15 Comparison of monitored, sound results at monitoring points under different angles

图16 不同距离监测点辐射噪声结果对比

Fig.16 Comparison of monitored sound results at different distance monitoring points

图17 声压幅值与传播距离的关系

Fig.17 Relationship between sound pressure amplitude and propagation distance

图18 边界元仿真与试验噪声结果对比

Fig.18 Comparison ofsimulated and experimental sound results

图19 钢剪切销-分离螺母实测压力及预紧力数据

Fig.19 Measured pressure and preload data of steel shear pin-separation nut

图20 燃烧噪声与作动噪声对比

Fig.20 Comparison of combustion noise and actuation noise

图21 燃烧噪声与作动噪声的频域声功率对比

Fig.21 Comparison of sound powers of combustion noise and actuation noise in frequency domain

表3 不同频段内燃烧噪声的贡献量

Table 3 Contribution of combustion noise in different frequency bands

频率范围/Hz	燃烧噪声功率/W	作动噪声功率/W	贡献量/%
10~400	3.81×10^-6	1.73×10^-5	22.02
400~6000	1.67×10^-6	6.31×10^-4	0.27
10~6000	5.48×10^-6	6.48×10^-4	0.85

图22 不同数值模型的噪声数据对比

Fig.22 Comparison of sound data from different numerical models

表4 不同数值模型的声功率及相对值

Table 4 Sound powers and relative values of different numerical models

模型	10~6000Hz声功率/10^-4W	声功率相对值/%
原模型	2.99	100
Model Ⅰ	2.30	76.92
Model Ⅱ	1.50	50.17

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