高应变率下高温应变计灵敏度系数的校准方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0189

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为校准高应变率下高温应变计在高温环境下的灵敏度系数，使用具有快速高温同步组装功能的高温、高应变率耦合的分离式Hopkinson杆装置对其灵敏度系数进行标定。将待校准的高温应变计粘贴在标准试样表面，并与试样处在相同温度与受力环境。对试样同步施加高温与高应变率加载，对比分离式Hopkinson杆上标准应变计信号与试样上高温应变计的输出信号，得到高温应变计的灵敏度系数。结果表明：采用新方法可以实现环境温度在293~1 473 K的范围，应变率在10³ s^-1量级的灵敏度标定；应力波弥散和衰减引起的校准灵敏度系数误差只与入射波幅值的积分呈线性关系，相对误差仅为2.39%；试样不均匀塑性变形导致的误差不超过1.6%；校准结果的合成不确定度为1.517%。新方法可以对高温应变计进行高温、高应变率环境下灵敏度系数的校准。

关键词: 高温应变计, 灵敏度, 分离式Hopkinson杆, 高应变率

Abstract: A new method is used to calibrate the sensitivity coefficient of the high-temperature strain gauge at high strain rate.The high-temperature strain gauge under calibration is pasted on the surface of a standard specimen by using the split Hopkinson bar with synchronous assembly device，and they are placed in the same temperature and stress environment. The specimen is subjected to impact loading at constant temperature. The sensitivity coefficient of the high-temperature strain gauge is obtained by collecting，calculating and comparing the output signals of the standard strain gauge on the split Hopkinson bar and the high-temperature strain gauge on the specimen. The calibration method applies to calibrate the sensitivity coefficient of guage at the strain rate of 10³ s^-1 in the temperature range from 293 to 1 473 K. The error of the calibrated sensitivity coefficient caused by the dispersion and attenuation of stress wave have a linear relation with the integral of the amplitude of the incident wave，and the experimental relative error is only 2.39%. The error caused by the inhomogeneous plastic deformation of sample is less than 1.5%，and the uncertainty of calibrated results is 1.517%.The experimental results show that the proposed method can be used to calibrate the sensitivity coefficient of the high-temperature strain gauge at high temperature and high strain rate.

Key words: high-temperaturestraingauge, sensitivitycoefficient, splitHopkinsonbar, highstrainrate

中图分类号:

TP212.1

王凡, 郭伟国, 吴倩, 高猛. 高应变率下高温应变计灵敏度系数的校准方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(4): 899-909.

WANG Fan, GUO Weiguo, WU Qian, GAO Meng. Calibration Method for Sensitivity Coefficient of High-temperature Strain Gauges at High Strain Rate[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(4): 899-909.

参考文献

［1］ WANG W R，ZHANG J M，REN X，et al. Research and calibration experiment of characteristic parameters of high temperature resistance strain gauges[J].Sensors & Transducers Journal，2013，159(11):324-329.
[2］ LI Y L，GUO Y Z，HU H T，et al. A critical assessment of high-temperature dynamic mechanical testing of metals[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering，2009，36(2):177-184.
[3］尹福炎，王文瑞，闫晓强.高温/低温电阻应变片及其应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社，2014:25-40.
YIN F Y，WANG W R，YAN X Q. High/low temperature resistance strain gauge research and application[M].Beijing: National Defense Industry Press，2014:25-40. (in Chinese)
[4］王成亮，曹志伟，武小峰，等.高温环境下电阻应变测试技术研究[J].强度与环境，2020，47(3):51-56.
WANG C L，CAO Z W，WU X F，et al.Research on resistance strain measuring technology in high temperature environment[J].Structure & Environment Engineering，2020，47(3):51-56. (in Chinese)
[5］晏志鹏.高温灵敏系数标定影响因素分析[J].计测技术，2019，39(4):85-92.
YAN Z P.Analysis of influence factors for high temperature sensitivity calibration[J].Metrology & Measurement Technology，2019，39(4):85-92. (in Chinese)
[6］ ZARFL C，SCHMID P，BALOGH G，et al. TiAlN thin films as high temperature strain gauges[J].Procedia Engineering，2014，87:136-139.
[7］王文瑞，张佳明，闫晓强，等.高温应变片关键参数标定方法[J].工程科学学报，2015，37(12):1645-1650.
WANG W R，ZHANG J M，YAN X Q，et al. Calibration method for the core parameters of high temperature strain gauges[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering，2015，37(12):1645-1650. (in Chinese)
[8］刘梓才，卢琰琰，何承义.高温应变片标定装置设计[J].原子能科学技术，2008，42(增刊):704-706.
LIU Z C，LU Y Y，HE C Y.Design of calibration apparatus of high temperature strain gauge[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology，2008，42(S):704-706. (in Chinese)
[9］ LIU H，MAO X L，YANG Z B，et al. High temperature static and dynamic strain response of PdCr thin film strain gauge prepared on Ni-based superalloy[J].Sensors and Actuators A:Physical，2019，298:111571.
[10］ FIELD J E，WALLEY S M，PROUD W G，et al. Review of experimental techniques for high rate deformation and shock studies[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering， 2004，30(7): 725-775.
[11］ ZHANG Q B，ZHAO J. A review of dynamic experimental techniques and mechanical behavior of rock materials[J]. Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering，2014，47(4):1411-1478.
[12］袁康博，郭伟国.高g值加速度计动态线性度标定方法研究[J].兵工学报，2017，38(12):2429-2437.
YUAN K B，GUO W G. Research on the dynamic linearity calibration method of high-g accelerometers[J].Acta Armamentarii，2017，38(12):2429-2437.(in Chinese)
[13］吴倩，郭伟国.基于矢量分解的三轴高g值加速度计灵敏度系数校准方法[J].兵工学报，2021，42(7):1535-1543.
WU Q，GUO W G. Calibration of sensitivity coefficient of thee-dimensional high-g accelerometer based on vector decomposition[J]. Acta Armamentarii，2021，42(7):1535-1543. (in Chinese)
[14］夏开文，程经毅，胡时胜. SHPB装置应用于测量高温动态力学性能的研究[J].实验力学，1998，13(3):307-313.
XIA K W，CHENG J Y，HU S S. Application of SHPB apparatus to the measurement of high temperature dynamical mechanical behavior of materials[J]. Journal of Experimental Mechanics，1998，13(3):307-313. (in Chinese)
[15］ NEMAT-NASSER S，ISAACS J B. Direct measurement of isothermal flow stress of metals at elevated temperatures and high strain rates with application to Ta and Ta-W alloys[J]. Acta Materialia，1997，45(3):907-919.
[16］ NEMAT-NASSER S，GUO W G.Thermomechanical response of HSLA-65 steel plates:experiments and modeling[J]. Mechanics of Materials，2005，37(2/3):379-405.
[17］ NEMAT-NASSER S，GUO W G，NESTERENKO V F，et al. Dynamic response of conventional and hot isostatically pressed Ti-6Al-4V alloys:experiments and modeling[J]. Mechanics of Materials，2001，33(8):425-439.
[18］李玉龙，索涛，郭伟国，等.确定材料在高温高应变率下动态性能的Hopkinson杆系统[J].爆炸与冲击，2005，25(6):487-492.
LI Y L，SUO T，GUO W G，et al. Determination of dynamic behavior of materials at elevated temperatures and high strain rates using Hopkinson bar[J].Explosion and Shock Waves，2005，25(6):487-492. (in Chinese)
[19］郭伟国，朱泽，曾志银，等.高温高应变率拉伸同步实验装置:CN202886209U [P].2013-04-17.
GUO W G，ZHU Z，ZENG Z Y，et al. High temperature and high strain rate tensile synchronous experimental equipment: CN202886209U[P].2013-04-17. (in Chinese)
[20］ TAN X M，GUO W G，GAO X S，et al. A new technique for conducting split Hopkinson tensile bar test at elevated temperatures[J]. Experimental Techniques，2017，41(2): 191-201.
[21］李鹏辉，郭伟国，刘开业，等.材料超高温动态拉伸SHTB实验方法的有效性分析[J].爆炸与冲击，2018，38(2):426-436.
LI P H，GUO W G，LIU K Y，et al. Validity analysis of materials' dynamic tensile SHTB experimental technique at ultrahigh temperature[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves，2018， 38(2):426-436. (in Chinese)
[22］王礼立.应力波基础[M].北京：国防工业出版社，2005:1-20.
WANG L L.Foundation of stress waves[M].Beijing：National Defense Industry Press，2005:1-20. (in Chinese)
[23］ LU F Y，LIN Y L，WANG X Y，et al.A theoretical analysis about the influence of interfacial friction in SHPB tests[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering，2015，79:95-101.
[24］ FLORES-JOHNSON E A，SHEN L M，GUIAMATSIA I，et al.Numerical investigation of the impact behaviour of bioinspired nacre-like aluminium composite plates[J]. Composites Science and Technology，2014，96:13-22.
[25］郭奇亮. 滑动摩擦下氮化硼与几种常用固体润滑剂添加效果的比较[J].贵州工业大学学报，1997，26(6):41-46.
GUO Q L.The contrast between the effect of boron nitride and that of common solid lubricant additives on sliding friction[J].Journal of Guizhou University of Technology，1997，26(6):41-46.(in Chinese)

[1]	李艺烁, 付用全, 白峰涛. 强荷载作用下随机分布非均匀颗粒材料的仿真[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(S1): 125-131.
[2]	杜雨田, 许泽建, 虎宏智, 黄风雷. 金属材料动态剪切测试方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(5): 1502-1512.
[3]	万子平, 谭若愚, 郑杰基, 任广安, 谢馨, 范大鹏. 面向武器站模块化基座的多工况与静动态筋壁结构高效设计方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(2): 577-590.
[4]	李萌, 武海军, 董恒, 任光, 张鹏, 黄风雷. 基于机器学习的混凝土侵彻深度预测模型[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(12): 3771-3782.
[5]	魏伟, 张竞文, 常思江, 王浩圣, 王建中. 基于Sobol和EFAST法的枪弹转动角速度全局灵敏度仿真分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(9): 2408-2416.
[6]	石树正，耿文平，刘勇，毕开西，李芬，丑修建. d₃₁模式四悬臂梁压电MEMS加速度计[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(8): 1998-2006.
[7]	刘畅，王江，范世鹏，李伶，林德福. 基于BP神经网络的自适应偏置比例导引[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(11): 2798-2809.
[8]	罗中峰，管小荣，徐诚. 面向弹丸炮口状态的自行火炮结构参数全局灵敏度[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(2): 254-267.
[9]	陈鹏霏，和鹏，于泰龙，刘巧伶. 基于梯度搜索法的非线性结构可靠性分析方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(1): 175-184.
[10]	林通，钱林方，付佳维，王明明. 火炮高平机参数辨识与灵敏度[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(9): 1736-1744.
[11]	郑睿，李方东，赵传超. 超流体陀螺灵敏度和分辨率研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(7): 1457-1463.
[12]	李阳天，李海滨，韦广梅，翁洁鑫. 基于改进型多项式混沌展开的固体火箭发动机药柱低温点火不确定性量化分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(1): 40-48.
[13]	富威，吴琼，崔运山，刘琪，周超. 舰炮身管的抗振性能优化研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(2): 234-242.
[14]	涂宏茂，孙志礼，钱云鹏，刘勤. 引信微机电安全系统的可靠性分析与改进[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(4): 664-672.
[15]	罗中峰，管小荣，徐亚栋，徐诚. 某火炮弹丸在炮口状态的动态灵敏度分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(12): 2328-2336.