水深和弹体长径比对超空泡弹体阻力系数及空泡形状影响的实验研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.11.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究超空泡射弹的运动规律，用高速摄影机拍摄了3种长径比的弹体，在6个不同的水深下产生的超空泡的运动过程，对超空泡与自由面相互作用过程进行了研究。结果表明：随着水深的增加，超空泡的体积会变小，持续时间会变短，弹体的阻力系数会增大；当超空泡可以完全覆盖住弹体的情况下，如果速度相同，随着弹体长径比的增加，超空泡的体积基本保持不变，但其阻力系数会增大；随着水深减小，当超空泡与自由面发生相互作用时，空泡的尺寸(体积)增大、并且空泡的持续时间变长，这应该是大气进入到超空泡内的缘故；以长径比为8的弹体为例，空泡的持续时间从5~6 ms增加到12 ms以上，空泡无量纲长度和直径分别约增加了30%和15%.

关键词: 兵器科学与技术, 弹体阻力系数, 超空泡形状, 长径比, 水深, 实验研究

Abstract: The supercavitating flows caused by projectiles with 3 different length-to-diameter ratios at 6 different depths of water are studied using a high-speed camera and a horizontal supercavity test apparatus. The research results show that, with the increase in water depth, the cavity’s volume or size becomes smaller and its life time becomes shorter, as well as the drag coefficient of projectile increases. When the projectiles are completely covered by supercavity and their velocities are almost same, the cavity’s volume keeps unchanged with the increase in the aspect ratio, but its drag coefficient increases. As the water depth decreases, the supercavity starts to interact with the free surface. This causes the increase in the cavity’s volume (size) and life time, which is believed due to that the air in atmosphere has entered into the supercavity. For the first time, the interaction process between supercavity and free surface is discussed deeply.

Key words: ordnance science and technology, projectile drag coefficient, shape of supercavity, length-to-diameter ratio, water depth, experimental study

中图分类号:

TJ630.1
O352

施红辉，周杨洁，贾会霞，朱棒棒. 水深和弹体长径比对超空泡弹体阻力系数及空泡形状影响的实验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(11): 2029-2036.

SHI Hong-hui, ZHOU Yang-jie, JIA Hui-xia, ZHU Bang-bang. The Effects of Water Depth and Length-to-diameter Ratio on Drag Coefficient and Cavity Shape of Underwater Supercavitating Projectiles[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2016, 37(11): 2029-2036.

参考文献

［1］ Logvinovich G V.自由边界流动的水动力学[M]. 施红辉, 译．上海:上海交通大学出版社, 2012.
Logvinovich G V. Hydrodynamics offree-boundary flows[M]. SHI Hong-hui, translated. Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, 2012. (in Chinese)
[2］ Savchenko Y N. Experimental investigation of supercavitating motion of bodies[C]∥4th International Symposium on Supercavitating Flows. Brussels: RTO-AVT and VKI, 2001.
[3］ Vlasenko Y D. Experimental investigations of high-speed unsteady supercavitating flow[C]∥3rd International Symposium on Cavitation. Grenoble, France: University of Grenoble, 1998: 39-44.
[4］施红辉, 周素云, 张晓萍, 等. 水下超空泡流体机械的机理和技术研究综述[C]∥第十五届全国激波与激波管学术会议论文集. 杭州:浙江理工大学, 2012:554-564.
SHI Hong-hui, ZHOU Su-yun, ZHANG Xiao-ping, et al. Review of mechanism and technology research of underwater supercavitation fluid machinery[C]∥15th National Conference on Shock Wave and Shock Tube. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 2012: 554-564. (in Chinese)
[4］张学伟, 张亮, 王聪, 等. 基于Logvinovich独立膨胀原理的超空泡形态计算方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2009, 30(3):361-365．
ZHANG Xue-wei, ZHANG Liang, WANG Cong, et al. A calculation m ethod for supercavity shape based on the Logvinovich independence principle of the cavity section expansion[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2009, 30(3): 361-365. (in Chinese)
[5］魏平, 侯健, 陈汀峰. 高速射弹超空泡的形态[J]. 海军工程大学学报, 2012, 24(5):108-112.
WEI Ping, HOU Jian, CHEN Ting-feng. Analysis of supercavitation characteristics of high-speed projectile[J]. Journal of Naval University of Engineering, 2012, 24(5): 108-112.(in Chinese)
[6］王云, 袁旭龙, 吕策. 弹体高速入水弯曲弹道实验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2014, 35(12):1998-2002．
WANG Yun, YUAN Xu-long, LYU Ce. Experimental research on curved trajectory of high-speed water-entry missile[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2014, 35(12): 1998-2002.(in Chinese)
[7］施红辉, 王超, 董若凌, 等. 流体力学入门[M]. 杭州:浙江大学出版社, 2012．
SHI Hong-hui, WANG Chao, DONG Ruo-ling, et al. Elementary fluid mechanics[M]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press, 2012.(in Chinese)
[8］狄长安, 孔德仁, 刘兵, 等. 水下弹丸外弹道运动性能评估方法研究[J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2007, 27(2):229-231.
DI Chang-an, KONG De-ren, LIU Bing, et al. A study of evaluating method about the moving property of underwater bullet[J]. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance, 2007, 27(2): 229-331.(in Chinese)
[9］马坤, 初哲, 王可慧, 等. 小当量炸药深水爆炸气泡脉动模拟实验[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2015, 35(3):320-325.
MA Kun, CHU Zhe, WANG Ke-hui, et al. Experimental research on bubble pulse of small scale charge exploded under simulated deep water[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2015, 35(3): 320- 325.(in Chinese)
[10］施红辉, 胡青青, 胡俊辉, 等. 水平运动超空泡在近自由面区域的水动力学特性研究[C]∥第九届全国实验流体力学学术会议. 杭州:浙江理工大学, 2013:357-365．
SHI Hong-hui, HU Qing-qing, HU Jun-hui, et al. The hydrodynamic behaviors of a horizontally supercavity moving at the near free surface region[C]∥9th Chinese National Symposium on Experimental Fluid Dynamics. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 2013: 357-365.(in Chinese)
[11］陈波, 胡青青, 施红辉, 等. 离自由面不同水深下水平运动超空泡的数值模拟研究[J]. 浙江理工大学学报, 2015, 33(3): 375-381.
CHEN Bo, HU Qing-qing, SHI Hong-hui, et al. Numerical simulation study of horizontal-moving supercavities at different water depth from the free surface[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 2015, 33(3): 375-381.(in Chinese)
[12］张木，谭俊杰，易文俊，等. 高速自然超空泡射弹阻力特性试验研究[J].实验流体力学，2012，26(4)：34-37.
ZHANG Mu, TAN Jun-jie, YI Wen-jun, et al. Experimental research on drag characteristics of high-speed supercavitation projectile[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2012, 26(4): 34-37. (in Chinese)
[13］施红辉，周浩磊，吴岩，等. 伴随超空泡产生的高速细长体入水实验研究[J]. 力学学报, 2012, 44(1):49-55.
SHI Hong-hui, ZHOU Hao-lei, WU Yan, et al. Experiments on water entry of high-speed slender body and the resulting supercavitation[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2012, 44(1): 49-55. (in Chinese)
[14］周杨洁. 不同表面材料结构的水下航行体表面超空泡的实验研究与数值分析[D]. 杭州:浙江理工大学，2016:17-18．
ZHOU Yang-jie. Experimental study and numerical analysis on the supercavity of underwater vehicle with different surface materials and structure[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 2016: 17-18.(in Chinese)
[15］施红辉, 罗喜胜. 可压缩性和高速多相流动[M]. 合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社, 2014．
SHI Hong-hui, LUO Xi-sheng. Compressible and high-speed multiphase flow[M]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China Press, 2014.(in Chinese)
[16］金大桥. 水下动能射弹空泡形态及流体动力特性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2010:60-61.
JIN Da-qiao. Study on the cavitation and hydrodynamic characteristics of the underwater kinetic energy projectile[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2010: 60-61.(in Chinese)

[1]	周伯俊, 于传强，刘志浩，柯冰. 基于高压储能的特种车辆快速起竖技术与验证[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(7): 1488-1497.
[2]	高月光，冯顺山，刘云辉，黄岐. 不同端盖厚度的圆柱形装药壳体破片初速分布[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(7): 1527-1536.
[3]	赵文辉，孙晓恒，张伟东，郑鹏，杨帆. 四旋翼飞行器齿轮箱-支臂组件动态特性分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(5): 1175-1184.
[4]	石超，强洪夫，刘虎. 含碳颗粒的凝胶推进剂雾化特性实验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(1): 71-82.
[5]	武海军，张爽，黄风雷. 钢筋混凝土靶的侵彻与贯穿研究进展[J]. 兵工学报, 2018, 39(1): 182-208.
[6]	娄伟鹏，郑长松，李和言，陈建文，张周立，马源. 高速《Symbol》v湿式换挡离合器排油阀临界开启和关闭压力研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(9): 1665-1672.
[7]	王宪成，杨绍卿，马宁，赵文柱. 车辆柴油机缸套动载荷磨损计算模型研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(9): 1673-1680.
[8]	孙皓泽，常天庆，王全东，孔德鹏，戴文君. 一种基于分层多尺度卷积特征提取的坦克装甲目标图像检测方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(9): 1681-1691.
[9]	张玉燕，孙莎莎，王振春，曹海要，战再吉. 高速载流电枢表面瞬态温度场仿真与测量[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(9): 1692-1698.
[10]	李臣明，宦超，石怀龙. 某箱式火箭炮对面目标分布式杀伤最优火力分配[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(9): 1699-1704.
[11]	雷娟棉，张嘉炜，谭朝明. 小攻角下船尾外形对旋转弹丸马格努斯效应影响的数值研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(9): 1705-1715.
[12]	李泽，闫晓鹏，栗苹，郝新红，王建涛. 扫频式干扰对调频多普勒引信的干扰机理研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(9): 1716-1722.
[13]	张浩为，谢军伟，张昭建，宗彬锋，陈唐军. 基于混合自适应遗传算法的相控阵雷达任务调度[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(9): 1761-1770.
[14]	李茂，侯海量，朱锡，黄晓明，李典，陈长海，胡年明. 结构间隙对芳纶纤维增强复合装甲结构抗侵彻性能的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(9): 1797-1805.
[15]	王鉴, 韩焱, 王黎明, 张丕状, 陈平. 弹丸在膛内运动的回波信号瞬时频率估计方法研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(9): 1806-1814.