仿爆炸加载下仿生梯度双波纹结构的动态响应

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0344

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

三明治夹芯结构在抗爆炸领域应用广泛,然而传统结构的芯层往往存在载荷稳定度不足的问题,进而限制了其防护性能。为了解决上述问题,以墨鱼骨为设计灵感,结合多孔结构的动态增强效应,提出了一种仿生梯度双波纹夹芯结构,并采用梯度多胞子弹作为加载手段对其抗冲击性能进行了系统性研究。结果表明,相比于无梯度设计的仿生双波纹夹芯结构,仿生梯度双波纹夹芯结构的压溃力效率提高了26.4%,表现出优异的抗冲击性能。当梯度分布参数和上轴率分别控制在0.1~0.15和0.5~0.75范围时,结构的压溃力效率稳定维持在80%左右,为新型防护结构设计和测试提供了新的思路和方法。

关键词: 抗冲击性能研究, 数值模拟, 梯度泡沫子弹, 夹芯结构, 梯度设计

Abstract:

Sandwich structure is widely used in the field of shock protection, but the traditional cores often suffer from insufficient load stability, which limits their shock resistance performance. Inspired by the cuttlefish bone and incorporating the dynamic enhancement effect of cellular material, a biomimetic gradient double corrugated sandwich structure is proposed. A systematic study is conducted on its shock resistance performance by using graded cellular projectiles as loading means. The results show that, compared with the biomimetic double corrugated sandwich structure without gradient design, the proposed sandwich structure has excellent shock resistance, with an improvement in crushing force efficiency of 26.4%. When the gradient distribution parameters and the axial ratio are controlled within the ranges of 0.1-0.15 and 0.5-0.75, respectively, the crushing force efficiency of the structure remains stable at about 80%. This research provides novel insights and methodologies for the design and evaluation of new protective structures.

Key words: shock resistance, finite element simulation, graded cellular projectile, sandwich structure, gradient design

易晓菲, 彭克锋, 常白雪, 张元瑞, 刘家贵, 郑志军. 仿爆炸加载下仿生梯度双波纹结构的动态响应[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(10): 250344-.

YI Xiaofei, PENG Kefeng, CHANG Baixue, ZHANG Yuanrui, LIU Jiagui, ZHENG Zhijun. Dynamic Response of Biomimetic Gradient Double Corrugated Structure under Simulated Blast Load[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(10): 250344-.

图/表 14

图1 墨鱼骨微观结构[15,17]

Fig.1 Microstructure of cuttlefish bone[15,17]

图2 仿生梯度双波纹芯层

Fig.2 A biomimetic gradient double corrugated core

图3 仿爆炸载荷设计

Fig.3 Design of simulated blast load

图4 梯度多胞子弹冲击仿生梯度双波纹夹芯结构有限元模型

Fig.4 A finite element model of the biomimetic gradient double corrugated sandwich structure impacted by graded cellular projectile

图5 仿生双波纹夹芯结构数值模拟和实验结果比较

Fig.5 Comparison of numerically simulated and experimental results

图6 有/无梯度的仿生双波纹夹芯结构性能比较

Fig.6 Performance comparison of biomimetic double corrugated sandwich structures with/without gradient

图7 仿生双波纹夹芯结构的变形图

Fig.7 Deformation diagrams of biomimetic double corrugated sandwich structures

表1 仿生梯度双波纹夹芯结构的几何参数

Table 1 Geometric parameters of biomimetic gradient double corrugated sandwich structure

序号	b_u/ mm	b_l/ mm	R/ mm	L/ mm	N	k	γ_u	γ_l	M/ g
1	1.5	2.5	2.0	48	4	0.05	0.75	1.25	1.57
2	3.0	5.0	4.0	48	4	0.10	0.75	1.25	1.57
3	4.5	7.5	6.0	48	3	0.15	0.75	1.25	1.18
4	6.0	10.0	8.0	48	3	0.20	0.75	1.25	1.18
5	1.0	3.0	2.0	48	4	0.10	0.5	1.50	1.58
6	2.0	4.0	2.7	48	4	0.10	0.75	1.50	1.67
7	4.0	6.0	4.0	48	3	0.10	1.00	1.50	1.33
8	10.0	12.0	8.0	48	2	0.10	1.25	1.50	0.93
9	6.0	8.0	8.0	48	3	0.10	0.75	1.00	1.10
10	1.5	3.5	2.0	48	4	0.10	0.75	1.75	1.77
11	5.0	5.0	5.0	50	4	0.00	1.00	1.00	1.50
12	3.0	5.0	5.0	50	4	0.10	0.60	1.00	1.48
13	3.0	6.0	5.0	50	4	0.15	0.60	1.20	1.56
14	3.8	5.8	5.0	50	4	0.10	0.75	1.15	1.60

图8 梯度分布参数k对仿生梯度双波纹结构抗冲击性能的影响

Fig.8 The effect of k on the shock resistance of biomimetic gradient double corrugated sandwich structure

图9 上轴率γu对仿生梯度双波纹结构抗冲击性能的影响

Fig.9 The effect of γu on the shock resistance of biomimetic gradient double corrugated sandwich structure

图10 下轴率γl 对仿生梯度双波纹结构抗冲击性能的影响

Fig.10 The effect of γl on the shock resistance of biomimetic gradient double corrugated sandwich panels

图11 不同梯度参数的仿生梯度双波纹夹芯结构的透射应力-变形曲线

Fig.11 Transmitted stress-deformation curves of biomimetic gradient double corrugated sandwich structures with different geometrical parameters

图12 仿生梯度双波纹夹芯结构的平均应力及其预测公式的比较

Fig.12 Comparison of predicted and calculated average stresses of biomimetic gradient double corrugated sandwich structure

图13 定制化设计的仿生梯度双波纹夹芯结构的透射应力-变形曲线

Fig.13 Transmitted stress-deformation curve of biomimetic gradient double corrugated sandwich structure with customized design

参考文献 25

[1]	TANIELIAN T, JAYCOX L H. Invisible wounds of war: Summary and recommendations for addressing psychological and cognitive injuries[M]. RAND Corporation, 2008.
[2]	ELSAYED N M. Toxicology of blast overpressure[J]. Toxicology, 1997, 121(1): 1-15.
[3]	YANG F, LI Z, LIU Z, et al. Shock loading mitigation performance and mechanism of the PE/Wood/PU/Foam structures[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2021, 155: 103904.
[4]	GUO H, YUAN H, ZHANG J, et al. Review of sandwich structures under impact loadings: Experimental, numerical and theoretical analysis[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2024, 196: 111541.
[5]	REN J, ZHOU Y, QIANG L, et al. Enhancing impact resistance of metallic foam core sandwich constructions through encasing high-strength fibrous composites[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2024, 196: 111546.
[6]	ZHOU H, ZHANG X, WANG X, et al. Protection effectiveness of sacrificial cladding for near-field blast mitigation[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2022, 170: 104361.
[7]	STANCZAK M, FRAS T, BLANC L, et al. Blast-induced compression of a thin-walled aluminum honeycomb structure—Experiment and modeling[J]. Metals, 2019, 9(12): 1350.
[8]	HUANG H, YANG X, YAN Q, et al. Crashworthiness analysis and multiobjective optimization of bio-inspired sandwich structure under impact load[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2022, 172: 108840.
[9]	GUO H, ZHANG J. Performance-oriented and deformation-constrained dual-topology metamaterial with high-stress uniformity and extraordinary plastic property[J]. Advanced Materials, 2025, 37(7): 2412064.
[10]	KOSTOPOULOS V, KALIMERIS G D, GIANNAROS E. Blast protection of steel reinforced concrete structures using composite foam-core sacrificial cladding[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2022, 230: 109330.
[11]	LI Z, CHEN W, HAO H. Blast mitigation performance of cladding using square dome-shape kirigami folded structure as core[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2018, 145: 83-95.
[12]	YI X, PENG K, CHANG B, et al. Shock resistance of a bio-inspired double corrugated sandwich panel impacted by a graded cellular projectile[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2025, 202: 105313.
[13]	SNAPP K L, VERDIER B, GONGORA A E, et al. Superlative mechanical energy absorbing efficiency discovered through self-driving lab-human partnership[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1): 4290.
[14]	常白雪, 郑志军, 赵凯, 等. 具有恒定冲击载荷的梯度泡沫金属材料设计[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2019, 39(4): 3-11.
	CHANG B, ZHENG Z, ZHAO K, et al. Design of gradient foam metal materials with a constant impact load[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2019, 39(4): 3-11. (in Chinese)
[15]	MAO A, ZHAO N, LIANG Y, et al. Mechanically efficient cellular materials inspired by cuttlebone[J]. Advanced Materials, 2021, 33(15): 2007348.
[16]	DENTON E J, GILPIN-BROWN J B, HOWARTH J V. The osmotic mechanism of the cuttlebone[J]. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1961, 41(2): 351-363.
[17]	CUI C Y, CHEN L, FENG S, et al. Novel cuttlebone-inspired hierarchical bionic structure enabled high energy absorption[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2023, 186: 110693.
[18]	ZHANG Y, ZHU Y, CHANG B, et al. Blast-loading simulators: Multiscale design of graded cellular projectiles considering projectile-beam coupling effect[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2023, 180: 105402.
[19]	SMITH P D, HETHERINGTON J G. Blast and ballistic loading of structures[M]. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1994.
[20]	ZHENG Z, WANG C, YU J, et al. Dynamic stress-strain states for metal foams using a 3D cellular model[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2014, 72: 93-114.
[21]	JOHNSON G R, COOK W H. A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates, and high temperatures[C]// Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ballistics, Hague, Netherlands:IEEE,1983:541-547.
[22]	LI K, GAO X, WANG J. Dynamic crushing behavior of honeycomb structures with irregular cell shapes and non-uniform cell wall thickness[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2007, 44(14-15): 5003-5026.
[23]	ALEXANDER J M. An approximate analysis of the collapse of thin cylindrical shells under axial loading[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, 1960, 13(1): 10-15.
[24]	WIERZBICKI T, BHAT S U, ABRAMOWICZ W, et al. Alexander revisited—A two folding elements model of progressive crushing of tubes[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 1992, 29(24): 3269-3288.
[25]	WIERZBICKI T, BHAT S U. A moving hinge solution for axisymmetric crushing of tubes[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 1986, 28(3): 135-151.