基于表面吸收率的强光元件温升仿真与试验研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0691

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

连续激光辐照下,强光元件的表面吸收率是导致其异常温升的主要因素。研究发现,强光元件的表面吸收率受多种因素影响,呈现非线性变化。为此提出等效表面吸收率的概念,用于表征强光元件对激光的综合吸收性能。首先建立高斯连续激光辐照强光元件的有限元模型,用于模拟激光辐照下强光元件的温升过程。搭建激光辐照效应试验系统,对强光元件的表面吸收率、表面形貌和表面中心点温升过程进行测试、试验与分析,试验结果验证了所建模型的正确性。根据试验结果修正了模型参数,获得了强光元件对激光的等效表面吸收率。研究结果表明:与实测表面吸收率相比,等效表面吸收率仿真误差更小、精度更高。研究结果可为强光元件的状态监测和污染物防控提供参考。

关键词: 强光元件, 表面吸收率, 连续激光, 温升试验

Abstract:

The surface absorptivity of optical elements is the main factor causing the abnormal temperature rise under continuous laser irradiation. Research has found that the surface absorptivity of optical elements is influenced by multiple factors and exhibits nonlinear variations. Therefore, a concept of equivalent surface absorptivity is proposed to characterize the comprehensive absorption performance of optical elements for laser. Firstly, a finite element model of the optical element irradiated by Gaussian continuous laser is established to simulate the temperature rise process of optical elements under laser irradiation, and a laser irradiation effect experimental system is established. The surface absorptivity, surface morphology and temperature rise process of surface center point of optical elements are measured, tested and analyzed, and the correctness of the prtoposed model is verified by the experimental results. Based on the experimental results, the model parameters are adjusted to obtain the equivalent surface absorptivity of the optical element for laser. The research show that the simulated error of equivalent surface absorptivity is smaller and its simulated precision is higher compared with the measured surface absorptivity, The research results provide reference for the state monitoring of optical element and the pollution prevention and control.

Key words: optical element, surface absorptivity, continuous laser, temperature rise experiment

中图分类号:

TN249

张赫天, 曾雅琴, 孙世岩, 陈忠, 王亮. 基于表面吸收率的强光元件温升仿真与试验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(5): 240691-.

ZHANG Hetian, ZENG Yaqin, SUN Shiyan, CHEN Zhong, WANG Liang. Simulation and Experimental Research on the Temperature Rise of Optical Elements Based on Surface Absorptivity[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(5): 240691-.

图/表 16

图1 激光辐照强光元件的二维轴对称模型

Fig.1 Two-dimensional axisymmetric model of optical element irradiated by laser

表1 强光元件材料的热物性参数[24-25]

Table 1 Thermophysical parameters of optical element material[24-25]

参数	参数
参数	ZrO₂	SiO₂	熔石英
热导率k/(W·cm^-1·K^-1)	0.0178	0.013	0.0138
密度ρ/(g·m^-3)	5.58	2.32	2.20
比热容C/(J·g^-1·K^-1)	0.474	0.35	0.703
熔点T_m/K	2680	1973	1730

图2 不同网格划分下模型表面中心点温度随时间的变化

Fig.2 Surface center temperature of model over time under different mesh division schemes

图3 不同网格划分与超细网格划分的温升计算结果间的差值

Fig.3 D-value between the temperature rise calculated results of ultrafine mesh and different meshes

图4 有限元网格模型

Fig.4 Finite element mesh model

图5 激光辐照效应试验系统

Fig.5 Laser irradiation effect experimental system

表2 激光参数

Table 2 Laser parameters

功率挡位	光斑半径r₀/mm	激光功率密度I₀/(kW·cm^-2)
探测光	1	2
试验光	1	255

图6 不同镜片表面被测区域的吸收率分布

Fig.6 Absorptivity distribution of the measured surface areas on the different lenses

表3 不同镜片的表面吸收率分布

Table 3 Surface absorptivity distribution of different lenses

参数	无污染镜片		有污染镜片
参数	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
最大表面吸收率 A_max/10^-6	40.92	87.32	124.68	144281.04
平均表面吸收率 A_avg/10^-6	7.12	5.07	7.26	23353.69
A_max/A_avg	5.75	17.23	17.17	6.18

图7 显微镜下不同镜片的表面图像

Fig.7 Surface images of different lenses under the microscope

图8 激光辐照过程中镜片的表面图像

Fig.8 Surface images of lens during laser irradiation

图9 显微镜下不同镜片激光辐照后的表面图像

Fig.9 Surface images of different lenses after laser irradiation under the microscope

图10 试验测量与实测表面吸收率仿真计算的温度随时间变化曲线

Fig.10 Experimental and simulat temperature-time curves of measured surface absorptivity

图11 不同镜片的等效表面吸收率随时间的变化

Fig.11 Equivalent surface absorptivity curve with time of different lenses

图12 试验测量与等效表面吸收率仿真计算的温度随时间变化曲线

Fig.12 Temperature-time curve of experimental and simulated equivalent surface absorptivity

表4 不同镜片的仿真数据和试验数据之间的误差

Table 4 Error between simulated data and experimental data of different lenses%

参数	无污染镜片		有污染镜片
参数	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ
θ_A_avg	0.20	0.25	4.02
$θ A t$	0.03	0.03	0.04

表4 不同镜片的仿真数据和试验数据之间的误差

Table 4 Error between simulated data and experimental data of different lenses%

参数	无污染镜片		有污染镜片
参数	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ
θ_A_avg	0.20	0.25	4.02
$θ A t$	0.03	0.03	0.04

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