基于增强型CCD探测器的距离选通三维成像不均匀性补偿方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0219

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

距离选通三维成像是一种非扫描三维成像技术,一般利用增强型CCD(ICCD)探测器的纳秒级快门时间特性,实现光子飞行时间选通成像。在远距离测绘、水下测量、复杂环境下目标识别等领域具有重要应用价值。由于器件工艺的原因,实际ICCD探测器快门经常存在开关时间不同步的现象,导致距离选通三维成像测量存在严重的不准确性。基于ICCD探测器固有的开门时间特性,通过测试得到不同器件的距离误差矩阵,提出一种距离选通三维成像不均匀性补偿方法。研究结果表明:所提方法可以有效降低距离选通三维成像误差,提高实际测量精度,具有很好的工程应用价值。

关键词: 增强型CCD, 距离选通, 三维成像, 时间不均匀性

Abstract:

Range-gated 3D imaging is a non-scanning technology that utilizes nanosecond shutter time characteristics of Intensified CCD (ICCD) detectors to achieve photon time-of-flight gated imaging. It finds valuable applications in long-distance surveying, underwater measurement, and target recognition in complex environments. Due to device technology limitations, there is often a phenomenon of asynchronous switching time in the actual ICCD detector shutter, resulting in serious inaccuracies in range-gated 3D imaging measurements. Based on the inherent gate opening time characteristics of ICCD detectors, a distance error matrix of different devices is obtained through testing, and a range-gated 3D imaging non-uniformity compensation method is proposed. The research results indicate that the proposed method can effectively reduce range-gated 3D imaging errors, improve the actual measurement accuracy, and have good engineering application value.

Key words: Intensified CCD, range-gated, 3D imaging, temporal nonuniformity

中图分类号:

TN249

孙磊, 金东东, 纪春恒, 裴崇雷, 安鸿波, 段恩悦. 基于增强型CCD探测器的距离选通三维成像不均匀性补偿方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(8): 2495-2502.

SUN Lei, JIN Dongdong, JI Chunheng, PEI Chonglei, AN Hongbo, DUAN Enyue. Compensation Method for Range-Gated 3D Imaging Inhomogeneity Based on ICCD Detector[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(8): 2495-2502.

图/表 13

图1 距离选通成像原理

Fig.1 Range-gated imaging principle

图2 二维图像强度及时空对应关系

Fig.2 Intensity and time-space correspondence of 2D images

图3 三角形三维成像方法

Fig.3 The principle of triangular super-resolution 3D imaging

图4 ICCD探测器基本构成

Fig.4 Basic composition of ICCD detector

图5 距离误差模型

Fig.5 Distance error model

图6 距离误差仿真结果

Fig.6 Distance error simulation results

图7 理论距离矩阵计算

Fig.7 Theoretical distance matrix calculation

图8 便携式激光成像系统

Fig.8 Portable laser imaging system

图9 靶板在不同距离处的选通图像

Fig.9 Range-gated images of the target plate at different distances

图10 靶板位于5m处的深度图像对比

Fig.10 Depth image comparison of the target plate at 5m

图11 5m处的距离误差对比

Fig.11 Distance error comparison at 5m

表1 1~15m距离误差对比

Table 1 1 to 15m distance error comparison

距离/m	补偿前三维图像距离测量误差/m		补偿后三维图像距离测量误差/m
距离/m	均值	标准差	均值	标准差
1	-0.1284	0.1147	-0.0055	0.0139
3	-0.1687	0.1107	-0.0101	0.0144
5	-0.1200	0.1058	0.0141	0.0169
7	-0.1543	0.1043	-0.0146	0.0174
9	-0.1382	0.1073	0.0071	0.0169
11	-0.1404	0.1134	0.0105	0.0170
13	-0.1384	0.1139	0.0131	0.0187
15	-0.1664	0.1081	-0.0044	0.0155

图12 多目标三维成像效果对比

Fig.12 Comparison of multi-target 3D imaging effects

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