浅水条件下喷水推进船航态及喷射流形态研究

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0847

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究浅水条件对喷水推进船航态及喷射流形态的影响,基于数值模拟方法进行不同水深条件下喷水推进船航态及喷射流形态影响规律及机理分析,并构建回归预报模型。采用雷诺时均方程建立喷水推进船自航特性数值模拟方法,开展水深条件对喷水推进船绕流场以及喷射流形态和湍动能分布的影响研究。基于多水深条件下喷水推进船航态和喷口流量数值计算结果,构建船模航态及喷射流形态回归预报模型。研究结果表明:随着水深减小,浅水阻塞效应加剧,船底压差和尾倾角增大,船体周围回流速度和吃水量也增加;船首横波系逐渐增大并与船尾横波系相互干扰,耗散能量增加;喷射流与船尾兴波交汇点随水深减小逐渐前移,径向扩散和旋度增大,推进功率下降,湍动能和水体扰动增强。研究成果可为浅水条件下喷水推进技术应用提供科学依据,提高喷水推进船在复杂水域环境中的效率和安全性。

关键词: 推进船, 喷水推进, 浅水条件, 航态变化, 喷射流, 数值模拟

Abstract:

The effect of shallow water on the navigation performance and jet flow characteristics of water-jet propulsion vessel is investigated,The navigation state of water-jet propulsion vessel and the patterns and mechanisms of jet flow under the conditions of different water depths are analyzed through numerical simulation.A numerical simulation method for the self-propulsion characteristics of water-jet propelled vessel is established using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equations to study the effect of water depth on the flow field around the vessel,jet flow morphology,and turbulence energy distribution.A regression prediction model for predicting the vessel behavior and jet flow characteristics is developed based on numerical calculations of vessel behavior and nozzle flow rates in different water depths.Results indicate that the shallow water blocking effects intensify as water depth decreases,increasing the differential pressure beneath the vessel and the stern inclination angle,while also increasing the recirculation velocity and draft around the hull.Additionally,the bow wave system grows and interacts with the stern wave system,leading to increased energy dissipation.The intersection point of jet flow and stern waves shifts forward with the decrease jn water depth,thus increasing the radial diffusion and vorticity,and decreasing the propulsive power,while increasing turbulence energy and water disturbance.These findings provide a scientific basis for the practical application of water-jet propulsion technology in shallow water conditions to improve the efficiency and safety of water-jet propelsion vessels in complex aquatic environments.

Key words: Propulsion vessel, water-jet propulsion, shallow water condition, navigation performance, jet flow, numerical simulation

杨茜, 冯榆坤, 陈作钢, 张岩. 浅水条件下喷水推进船航态及喷射流形态研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(S2): 123-132.

YANG Xi, FENG Yukun, CHEN Zuogang, ZHANG Yan. Investigation of Navigation Performance and Jet Flow Characteristics of Water-jet Propulsion Vessel in Shallow Water[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S2): 123-132.

图/表 23

图1 喷水推进船几何模型

Fig.1 Geometric model of water-jet propulsion vessel

图2 喷水推进器几何模型(左为叶轮和导叶,右为流道)

Fig.2 Geometric model of water-jet propulsor (left: impeller and diffuser;right:duct)

图3 计算域及边界条件

Fig.3 Computational domain and boundary conditions

图4 流道表面网格

Fig.4 Surfacegrid of flow channel

图5 船体表面网格

Fig.5 Surfacegrid of vessel

图6 计算域网格

Fig.6 Computationaldomain grid

表1 三套网格尺寸与数目

Table 1 Three sets of grid sizes and numbers

网格编号	基础尺寸/m	网格数目/10⁶	升沉/ ×10^-2m	纵倾/ ×10^-1(°)
1	0.512	28.16	-0.780	-0.946
2	0.640	19.41	-0.774	-0.970
3	0.800	13.50	-0.764	-1.006

图7 航态随网格数变化趋势

Fig.7 Variation of navigation state with grid number

图8 船模表面y+分布

Fig.8 Distribution of y+on the surface of vessel model

表2 不同水深条件下航态结果对比

Table 2 Comparison of navigation states under different water depth conditions

h/T	纵倾/(°)	升沉/m
10	-0.1165	-0.0104
8	-0.1230	-0.0125
6	-0.1558	-0.0160
5	-0.1406	-0.0200
4	-0.2267	-0.0268
3.5	-0.3397	-0.0292
3	-0.5434	-0.0478
2.8	-1.0776	-0.0569
2.7	-1.4282	-0.0586
2.66	-1.6075	-0.0603

图9 喷水推进船航态参数随水深变化曲线

Fig.9 Variation curves of navigation state parameters of a water-jet propulsion vessel with water depth

图10 各水深条件下喷水推进船底压力分布

Fig.10 Distribution ofbottom pressure of water-jet propulsion vessel under various water depth conditions

图11 各水深条件下船底中纵剖面速度分布

Fig.11 Velocity distribution in the longitudinal section ofvessel bottom under various water depth conditions

图12 各水深条件下喷水推进船兴波波形

Fig.12 Wave-making waveforms of water-jet propulsion vessel under various water depth conditions

表3 不同水深条件下喷水推进器喷射流参数数值计算结果

Table 3 Numerical Calculation results of jet flow parameters of water-jet propulsor under different water depth conditions

h/T	$K Q 1$	$K Q 2$	α_air1×10⁵	α_air2×10⁵
10	0.3173	0.3173	0.8454	0.9197
8	0.3168	0.3168	1.5579	1.3455
6	0.3181	0.3181	3.9487	0.3831
5	0.3162	0.3162	0.3796	0.2368
4	0.3172	0.3172	0.7127	0.5714
3.5	0.3180	0.3180	0.5351	0.4410
3	0.3174	0.3174	1.8878	0.5918
2.8	0.3193	0.3193	1.4315	0.2050
2.7	0.3241	0.3241	1.5776	0.5538
2.66	0.3260	0.3260	0.5424	0.5692

表3 不同水深条件下喷水推进器喷射流参数数值计算结果

Table 3 Numerical Calculation results of jet flow parameters of water-jet propulsor under different water depth conditions

h/T	$K Q 1$	$K Q 2$	α_air1×10⁵	α_air2×10⁵
10	0.3173	0.3173	0.8454	0.9197
8	0.3168	0.3168	1.5579	1.3455
6	0.3181	0.3181	3.9487	0.3831
5	0.3162	0.3162	0.3796	0.2368
4	0.3172	0.3172	0.7127	0.5714
3.5	0.3180	0.3180	0.5351	0.4410
3	0.3174	0.3174	1.8878	0.5918
2.8	0.3193	0.3193	1.4315	0.2050
2.7	0.3241	0.3241	1.5776	0.5538
2.66	0.3260	0.3260	0.5424	0.5692

图13 喷水推进器喷口截面流量系数随水深变化曲线

Fig.13 Cross-sectional flow coefficient of water-jet propulsor nozzle as a function of water depth

图14 各水深条件下喷水推进器喷射流形态

Fig.14 Jetflow morphology of water-jet propulsor under various water depth conditions

图15 各水深条件下喷水推进器喷射流流线

Fig.15 Jetflow lines of water-jet propelsor under various water depth conditions

图16 各水深条件下喷水推进器喷射流湍动能(左为内侧推进器,右为外侧推进器)

Fig.16 Turbulent kinetic energies of jet flows of water-jet propelsors under different water depth conditions (Left:inner-side propelsor;Right: outer-side propelsor)

表4 不同GPR核函数回归拟合得到的R2结果对比

Table 4 Comparison of R2 results obtained from regression fitting of different GPR kernel functions

核函数	纵倾	升沉	$K Q 1$	$K Q 2$
指数核函数	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
RBF核函数	0.9999	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
Matern核函数	0.9999	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000

表4 不同GPR核函数回归拟合得到的R2结果对比

Table 4 Comparison of R2 results obtained from regression fitting of different GPR kernel functions

核函数	纵倾	升沉	$K Q 1$	$K Q 2$
指数核函数	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
RBF核函数	0.9999	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
Matern核函数	0.9999	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000

图17 采用GPR指数核函数进行回归拟合

Fig.17 Regression fitting using GPR exponential kernel function

表5 数值结果与预测结果对比

Table 5 Comparisonof numerical results and predicted results

参数	h/T=2.9		误差 /100%	h/T=4.5		误差 /100%
参数	数值结果	预测结果	误差 /100%	数值结果	预测结果	误差 /100%
纵倾	-0.8170	-0.8107	0.77	-0.1936	-0.1867	3.57
升沉	-0.0542	-0.0524	3.38	-0.0224	-0.0234	-4.72
$K Q 1$	0.3173	0.3182	-0.27	0.0110	0.3163	0.18
$K Q 2$	0.3169	0.3178	-0.27	0.0109	0.3154	0.00

表5 数值结果与预测结果对比

Table 5 Comparisonof numerical results and predicted results

参数	h/T=2.9		误差 /100%	h/T=4.5		误差 /100%
参数	数值结果	预测结果	误差 /100%	数值结果	预测结果	误差 /100%
纵倾	-0.8170	-0.8107	0.77	-0.1936	-0.1867	3.57
升沉	-0.0542	-0.0524	3.38	-0.0224	-0.0234	-4.72
$K Q 1$	0.3173	0.3182	-0.27	0.0110	0.3163	0.18
$K Q 2$	0.3169	0.3178	-0.27	0.0109	0.3154	0.00

图18 喷水推进船模航态以及喷口流量回归预测程序

Fig.18 Regression prediction program for the navigation state and nozzle flow rate of a water-jet propulsion vessel model

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