基于THUMS模型的人员胸部爆炸冲击波致伤机理

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0724

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为获得爆炸冲击波下人员胸部损伤机理,借助高保真数字假人模型(Total Human Model for Safety,THUMS),使用Load_Blast_Enhanced方法与任意拉格朗日欧拉(Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler,ALE)方法构建了人体-爆炸流场数值模型,对爆炸冲击波下人体胸部的损伤情况开展数值计算,结合爆炸事故验证模型的有效性;基于冲击波峰值超压准则和Axelsson损伤模型判别6个工况下人员伤情等级,发现仅在TNT当量1500g、爆距4m时人员有轻伤风险。基于皮肤、骨骼、心肺的动态响应细致分析人员各组织器官的损伤类型,揭示了人员轻伤时的损伤模式及爆炸冲击波的致伤机理,研究结果可为爆炸致伤人员损伤评估的研究及相关防护装备的设计提供参考。

关键词: THUMS模型, 爆炸冲击波, 致伤机理, 人体数值模拟

Abstract:

In order to obtain the mechanism of chest injury under explosion shock waves, a high fidelity digital dummy model (total human model for safety, THUMS) was used to construct a numerical model of the human-explosion flow field using the Load_Blast_Enhanced method and the arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) method. The damage to the human chest under explosion shock waves was numerically calculated, and the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by an explosion accident. Based on the peak overpressure criterion of shock waves and the Axelsson damage model, it was found that personnel injury levels were only at risk of minor injuries when TNT equivalent was 1500g and explosion distance was 4m. Based on the dynamic response of skin, bones, heart and lungs, a detailed analysis of the types of injuries to various tissues and organs of personnel was conducted, revealing the injury patterns and mechanisms of explosion shock waves during minor injuries. The research results can provide reference for the assessment of injuries caused by explosions and the design of related protective equipment.

Key words: totalhuman model for safety, explosion shock wave, injury mechanism, numerical simulation of human body

中图分类号:

O389

王泽华, 潘腾, 刘瀚, 周宏元, 黄广炎, 张宏. 基于THUMS模型的人员胸部爆炸冲击波致伤机理[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(10): 3754-3764.

WANG Zehua, PAN Teng, LIU Han, ZHOU Hongyuan, HUANG Guangyan, ZHANG Hong. Research on the Mechanism of Chest Injury Caused by Explosion Shock Waves Based on THUMS Model[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(10): 3754-3764.

图/表 26

图1 THUMS假人模型

Fig.1 THUMS finite element model of human body

表1 空气状态方程参数

Table 1 Material properties used for the linear polynomial EOS for air

C₀	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	C₆	E/kPa
0	0	0	0	0.4	0.4	0	250

图2 LBE+ALE仿真示意图

Fig.2 LBE+ALE simulation diagram

表2 冲击波峰值超压准则及对应损伤特征[21]

Table 2 Shock wave peak overpressure criterion and corresponding damage characteristics[21]

冲击波峰值超压阈值/kPa	损伤等级	损伤特征
34.5	一级	少数鼓膜破裂
103.4	二级	50%鼓膜破裂
207.2~345.2	三级	轻度肺损伤
552.4~690.6	四级	50%严重肺损伤
690.6	五级	个别致死
897.8~1243.1	六级	50%致死
1381.2~1726.6	七级	一般均致死

图3 Axelsson等效模型

Fig.3 Axelsson equivalent model

表3 胸壁速度预测值与损伤程度关系

Table 3 Relationship between predicted chest wall velocity and degree of injury

损伤等级	v_cwp/(m·s^-1)
无损伤	0.0~3.6
轻微伤至轻伤	3.7~7.5
轻伤至中度损伤	4.3~9.8
中度损伤至重度损伤	7.5~16.9
致死率高于50%	>12.8

图4 胸骨速度峰值与胸壁速度预测值关系[10]

Fig.4 Relationship between peak sternal velocity and predicted chest wall velocity[10]

表4 胸骨速度与损伤程度关系

Table 4 Relationship between sternal velocity and degree of injury

损伤等级	v_sp/(m·s^-1)
无损伤	0.0~2.2
轻微伤至轻伤	2.3~4.6
轻伤至中度损伤	2.7~6.1
中度损伤至重度损伤	4.6~10.5
致死率高于50%	>7.1

图5 不同爆距下胸前空气压力变化

Fig.5 Change in chest air pressure under different blast distance

图6 不同爆距冲击波到达后胸骨速度变化

Fig.6 Change in sternal velocity after arrival of shock waves at different blast distances

图7 不同约束条件胸部压缩量

Fig.7 Chest compressionswith different constraint conditions

表5 不同工况情况

Table 5 Different working conditions

序号	工况
1	TNT当量800g,爆距4m
2	TNT当量1000g,爆距4m
3	TNT当量1500g,爆距4m
4	TNT当量800g,爆距6m
5	TNT当量1000g,爆距6m
6	TNT当量1500g,爆距6m

图8 峰值超压损伤准则评估

Fig.8 Evaluation of overpressure damage criteria

图9 Axelsson模型准则评估

Fig.9 Evaluation of Axelsson model criteria

图10 不同时刻胸腹部压力分布

Fig.10 Distribution of chest and abdominal pressures at different times

图11 6种工况下皮肤最大应力

Fig.11 Maximum skin stresses under six working conditions

图12 胸骨、肋骨、T8胸椎示意图

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of sternum ribsand T8 thoracicvertebra

图13 胸骨、T8胸椎x轴方向速度、位移图像

Fig.13 x-direction velocity and displacement images of sternum and T8 thoracic vertebrae

图14 冲击波作用下胸部典型时刻应力分布

Fig.14 Stress distribution in the chest at typical moments under shock wave action

图15 胸骨、肋骨Mises应力变化

Fig.15 Changes of Mises stresses in sternum and ribs

图16 6种工况下胸骨最大应力

Fig.16 Maximum stress of sternum under six working conditions

图17 6种工况下胸骨、肋骨最大应变

Fig.17 Maximum strains of sternum and rib under six working conditions

图18 心脏、肺部x轴方向速度变化

Fig.18 Changes in x-direction velocity of heart and lungs

图19 心肺观测点处速度

Fig.9 Velocities of heart and lung at observating points

图20 所选观测点位置

Fig.20 Selected observating point position

图21 所选观测点压力、速度

Fig.21 Pressure and velocity at selected observation point

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