基于可编程门阵列的集群弹药协同决策与同步起爆方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0928

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对巡飞弹集群智能决策与同步打击的需求,为实现理论算法在弹药弱硬件平台中的应用,提高集群弹药协同作战的智能化水平,提出适用于可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)的威胁评估数学模型与分配方法。基于层次分析法、熵值法与逼近理想解的排序方法,通过基数排序、等效替代等方法建立基于FPGA的威胁评估模型。基于分布式的通信结构与数据多跳传输策略,提出多节点低时延自适应延时起爆方法。基于软件平台与硬件平台的数值对比仿真,验证了FPGA实现威胁评估的快速性与准确性,每次求解仅需要50μs;通过全流程仿真,验证了多节点任务分配、节点安全与收发状态转换以及自适应延时起爆的可行性。最终进行了多节点协同决策动态试验,验证四节点协同决策的可行性与结果的准确性;通过静态全流程试验验证了节点同步起爆的精确性,采集到四节点起爆信号输出总时延不超过200μs。

关键词: 集群弹药, 协同决策, 分布通信, 同步起爆

Abstract:

To address the needs for intelligent decision-making and synchronized strikes in loitering munition swarms and to enable the application of theoretical algorithms on resource-constrained hardware platforms,this study proposes a threat assessment mathematical model and distribution method tailored for Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).Utilizing techniques such as Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP),entropy-based evaluation,and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS),the model incorporates radix sorting and equivalent substitution to construct an FPGA-based threat assessment framework.A multi-node low-latency adaptive delayed detonation method is developed based on a distributed communication architecture and multi-hop data transmission strategy.Comparative simulations on both software and hardware platforms demonstrate the proposed model's efficiency and accuracy,achieving a computation time of 50μs per evaluation.Full-process simulations validate the feasibility of multi-node task allocation,node security,state transitions,and adaptive delayed detonation.Dynamic multi-node experiments further confirm the accuracy and effectiveness of four-node collaborative decision-making.Static end-to-end experiments validate precise synchronized detonation,with a total delay of detonation signal output across four nodes not exceeding 200μs.

Key words: swarm munitions, cooperative decision-making, distributed communication, synchronized detonation

中图分类号:

TJ430

张传昊, 李豪杰, 李长生, 张凌云, 乔诗翔, 于航. 基于可编程门阵列的集群弹药协同决策与同步起爆方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(8): 240928-.

ZHANG Chuanhao, LI Haojie, LI Changsheng, ZHANG Lingyun, QIAO Shixiang, YU Hang. Collaborative Decision-making and Synchronized Detonation Method for Swarm Munitions Based on FPGA[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(8): 240928-.

图/表 25

图1 集群弹药协同作战基本流程

Fig.1 Basic process of coordinated operations for swarm munitions

图2 FPGA实现基数排序法

Fig.2 Implementation of radix sort on FPGA

图3 FPGA实现威胁评估流程

Fig.3 Process of threat assessment implementation on FPGA

图4 任务分配流程

Fig.4 Task allocation process

图5 四节点分布式通信结构

Fig.5 Four-Node distributed communication structure

图6 四节点通信流程

Fig.6 Four-Node communication process

表1 各目标对应各属性的威胁度值

Table 1 Threat values corresponding to each attribute for each objective

目标	类型	搜索	机动	打击	距离
防空导弹车	8	6	6	2	4
火箭炮	9	5	5	8	4
单兵	3	3	3	3	5
坦克	6	5	6	7	4
步战车	5	4	7	6	7

图7 AHP求得的主观权重排序

Fig.7 Subjective weight ranking obtained by analytic hierarchy process

图8 熵值法求解过程以及客观权重排序

Fig.8 Solving process and objective weight ranking using entropy method

图9 最终权重排序过程

Fig.9 Final weight ranking process

图10 各目标威胁度值求解与相对大小排序

Fig.10 Calculation of threat values for each objective and relative size ranking

表2 更改不同的输入参数仿真结果对比

Table 2 Comparison of simulation results with different input parameter changes

仿真情况	相对重要程度	威胁度矩阵	权重值		威胁度值
仿真情况	相对重要程度	威胁度矩阵	软件平台仿真	硬件平台仿真	软件平台仿真		硬件平台仿真
1	8,6,5,7,6	8,6,6,2,6;9,5,5,8,6;3,3,3,3,3;6,5,6,7,4;5,4,7,6,7	0.23,0.14,0.14,0.30,0.17	478,438,436,500,449	0.40,0.86,0.12,0.66,0.59	79,252,5,200,171
2	8,6,5,7,6	9,7,6,8,6;8,5,5,2,6;3,3,3,6,5;6,5,6,2,4;5,4,7,2,7	0.21,0.14,0.12,0.38,0.11	465,435,424,558,419	0.95,0.24,0.54,0.19,0.18	255,45,117,24,16
3	6,4,5,6,7	8,6,6,2,6;9,5,5,8,6;3,3,3,3,3;6,5,6,7,4;5,4,7,6,7	0.22,0.12,0.15,0.30,0.20	468,426,441,498,465	0.40,0.85,0.12,0.65,0.62	77,251,5,200,177
4	6,4,5,6,7	9,7,6,8,6;8,5,5,2,6;3,3,3,6,5;6,5,6,2,4;5,4,7,2,7	0.19,0.12,0.14,0.38,0.15	455,423,429,556,435	0.94,0.24,0.55,0.18,0.20	254,44,128,19,23

图11 任务分配仿真过程

Fig.11 Task allocation simulation process

图12 节点1安全状态以及收发状态转换过程

Fig.12 Node 1 safety status and transmission/reception state transition process

图13 节点2安全状态以及收发状态转换过程

Fig.13 Node 2 safety status and transmission/reception state transition process

图14 节点3安全状态以及收发状态转换过程

Fig.14 Node 3 safety status and transmission/reception state transition process

图15 节点4安全状态以及收发状态转换过程

Fig.15 Node 4 safety status and transmission/reception state transition process

图16 四节点通信与起爆监测平台

Fig.16 Four-Node communication and detonation monitoring platform

图17 四节点动态决策外场试验图

Fig.17 Dynamic decision-making field test with four nodes

图18 节点1、节点4收发信号(CE)波形

Fig.18 Signal waveforms of transmission and reception for some nodes

图19 部分节点上传的数据信息

Fig.19 Data Information Uploaded by Some Nodes

图20 四节点协同决策与同步起爆试验流程

Fig.20 Four-Node coordinated decision and synchronized detonation experiment process

图21 上位机接收到各节点上传的数据信息

Fig.21 Data information uploaded by each node received by the upper computer

图22 各节点收发信号波形

Fig.22 Signal waveform transmission and reception of each node

图23 各节点起爆信号波形

Fig.23 Detonation signal waveform of each node

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