1kg TNT当量双层非对称爆炸防护装置结构设计与实验

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0478

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究含能材料受激发后的能量释放特性并确保试验的安全性,设计了1kg TNT当量双层非对称圆柱形爆炸防护装置。通过结构设计、LS-DYNA有限元软件仿真分析和1kg TNT全当量爆轰动态响应试验,对比理论预测、实验数据及仿真结果,评估了该爆炸防护装置的安全性。仿真分析与试验结果显示:1kg TNT当量双层非对称圆柱形爆炸防护装置结构设计合理,安全系数具有较大裕度;1kg TNT全当量爆轰动态响应试验中,实测典型位置外壁面应变对应应力低于防护装置壳体材料屈服强度,实测典型位置内壁面反射超压峰值在经验公式计算值范围内,防护装置抗爆强度满足试验要求。该设计、分析和实验方法可为类似爆炸防护装置的设计与验证提供有益参考。

关键词: 双层非对称, 爆炸防护装置, 动态响应, 动力系数

Abstract:

To study the energy release characteristics of energetic materials after excitation and ensure the safety of the test, a double-layer asymmetric cylindrical explosion protection device is designed with capability of containing 1kg TNT equivalent detonation. Through the structural design, simulation analysis using LS-DYNA finite element software, and full-equivalent detonation dynamic response test with 1kg TNT, the safety of the explosion protection device is evaluated by comparing the theoretical predictions, experimental data and simulated results. Simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the structural design of the double-layer asymmetric cylindrical explosion protection device is reasonable with a sufficient safety margin. In the full-scale 1kg TNT detonation test, the stress corresponding to the measured outer wall strain at typical positions is lower than the yield strength of shell material of the protection device. The peak reflective overpressure measured on the inner l at typical positions is within the range calculated by the empirical formulas. The explosion resistance strength of the protection device meets the test requirements. The design, analysis, and experimental methods in this paper can provide useful references for the design and verification of similar explosion protection devices.

Key words: double-layer asymmetry, explosion protection device, dynamic response, dynamical coefficient

赵生伟, 周刚, 孙浩, 陈柏翰, 李明. 1kg TNT当量双层非对称爆炸防护装置结构设计与实验[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(10): 250478-.

ZHAO Shengwei, ZHOU Gang, SUN Hao, CHEN Baihan, LI Ming. Structural Design and Experiment of 1kg TNT Equivalent Double-layer Asymmetric Explosion Protection Device[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(10): 250478-.

图/表 21

图1 爆炸防护装置结构示意及实物图

Fig.1 Schematic and physical diagrams of explosion protection device

表1 材料参数

Table 1 Material parameters

材料属性	Q345R	S30408
弹性模量/GPa	209	170
抗拉强度σ_b/MPa	500	520
屈服强度σ_s /MPa	325	230
许用应力/MPa	185	153
伸长率/%	25	45

表2 公式计算入射超压值

Table 2 The calculated value of incident overpressure

公式	H.L. Brode	Josef Henrgeh	国防工程设计规定	W. E. Baker 公式	Almashov 公式
入射超压/MPa	0.826	0.80	1.054	0.799	0.887

表3 材料模型及状态方程关键参数

Table 3 Material model and key parameters of state equation

	*MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC
容器	R₀		E		PR				SIGY			ETAN
	7600		20700		0.3				265			880
	*MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN
TNT	R₀			D			PCJ				BETA
	1630			6.929			2100				0.0
	*EOS_JWL
	A	B		R₁		R₂		OMEG		E₀			V₀
	37100	3230		4.15		0.95		0.3		7000			1.0
	*MAT_NULL
空气	R₀		PC		MU				YM			PR
	1.2929		0.0		0.0				0.0			0.0
	*EOS_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL
	C₀	C₁		C₂		C₃		C₄		E₀			V₀
	0	0		0		0		0.4		2.5			1.0

图2 不同时刻防护装置内部爆炸流场压力、壳体内部和外部应力等值云图

Fig.2 Pressure equivalent cloud map of explosive flow field and stresses fields of inner and outer shells of explosion protection device at different moments

表4 不同空气网格尺寸下入射超压和反射超压的仿真结果

Table 4 The simulated results of incident and reflection overpressures under different air grid dimensions

网格尺寸/mm	入射超压/MPa	反射超压/MPa
16	1.23	4.77
12	1.26	4.95
10	1.31	5
8	1.32	5.3

图3 1kg TNT全当量动态响应实验防护装置设置

Fig.3 Installation of protection device for 1kg TNT response experiment

图4 防护装置外壁面应变片位置示意图

Fig.4 Layout position of strain gauge

图5 典型应变原始历程曲线

Fig.5 Typical strain-time curve

图6 应变数据图

Fig.6 Measured strain-time curves

表5 应变最大值及其对应应力

Table 5 Maximum strain and corresponding stress

应变片	应变位置	应变最大值/ με	对应应力/ MPa	许用应力/ MPa
A01	ε₁	399.75	83.55	185
A02	ε₂	459.31	96.00	185
A03	ε₃	384.23	80.30	185
A04	ε₄	343.01	71.69	185
A05	ε₅	425.16	88.86	185
A06	ε₆	313.93	65.61	185
A07	ε₇	409.22	85.53	185
A08	ε₈	358.34	74.89	185
A09	ε₉	503.07	105.14	185
A10	ε₁₀	492.02	102.83	185
A11	ε₁₁	496.90	103.85	185
A12	ε₁₂	346.47	72.41	185
A13	ε₁₃	335.68	70.16	185
A14	ε₁₄	392.27	81.98	185
A15	ε₁₅	336.39	70.31	185
A16	ε₁₆	300.98	62.91	185
B01	ε₁₇	351.98	73.56	185
B02	ε₁₈	790.81	165.28	185
B03	ε₁₉	269.08	56.24	185
B04	ε₂₀	593.23	123.98	185
B05	ε₂₁	335.90	70.20	185
B06	ε₂₂	666.43	139.28	185
B07	ε₂₃	136.15	28.46	185
B08	ε₂₄	109.96	22.98	185
最大值		790.81	165.28

图7 压力传感器安装位置

Fig.7 Installation position of pressure sensor

图8 压力测试系统组成示意图

Fig.8 Composition of shockwave pressure Measuring system

图9 冲击波壁面反射超压历程曲线

Fig.9 Profile of shockwave reflective overpressure

图10 P1处实测超压历程曲线与仿真对比

Fig.10 Comparison of experimental and simulated shockwave reflective overpressures at P1

表6 入射超压及反射超压公式计算值

Table 6 The calculated values of incident and reflective overpressures

公式	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
入射超压/MPa	0.737	0.722	1.009	0.717	0.793
刚壁正反射超压/MPa	3.744	3.646	5.590	3.613	4.115

表7 反射超压、正压作用时间计算值与仿真值和实测值比较

Table 7 Comparison of measured, simulated and calculated results of shockwave reflective overpressure and specific impulse

冲击波超压/MPa				正压作用时间/ms
公式计算值	仿真值	实测值		公式计算值	仿真值	实测值
公式计算值	仿真值	P₁	P₂	公式计算值	仿真值	P₁	P₂
3.613~5.590	5.379	4.179	2.764	0.237	0.6	0.90	0.74

图11 加速度传感器布设位置示意图

Fig.11 Layout position of acceleration sensor

图12 冲击加速度测试系统组成示意图

Fig.12 Composition of shock acceleration measuring system

图13 a1位置加速度历程曲线

Fig.13 Profile of acceleration at a1

图14 a2位置加速度历程曲线(沿防护装置圆柱段垂直方向)

Fig.14 Profile of acceleration at a2 (vertical direction)

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