纳米多孔材料液体系统对近场爆炸载荷削弱效应

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2025.0468

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究纳米多孔材料液体系统(Nanoporous Material Liquid Systems,NMLS)在提升纤维围栏抗爆性能中的应用价值,针对纳米多孔二氧化硅水悬浮液的削爆效应开展了实验与数值模拟研究。通过内爆炸实验对比了空腔-围栏、水填充腔体-围栏以及NMLS填充腔体-围栏三种环形复合结构的抗爆性能,结果显示三者纤维断裂情况差异较小,水和NMLS均未表现出明显的削爆效果。建立了与实验工况对应的数值模型,采用经动态冲击实验校验的压实状态方程描述NMLS的力学行为,模拟结果表明:水和NMLS反而显著增强了围栏内壁上的爆炸载荷,压力峰值分别达到了无液体层时的1.7倍和1.9倍;NMLS引起更加严重的载荷增强是因为冲击波传入NMLS时在追赶加载作用下经历了更高幅度的初始压力增长。进一步开展了更宽参数范围的数值分析,发现:水层始终表现出爆炸增强效应,而NMLS对爆炸载荷的影响随着爆距增大、装药量减小或液体层增厚,由增强效应逐渐转化为削弱效应,这源于NMLS的吸能能力与爆炸载荷实现了匹配,导致冲击波穿过NMLS层后压力发生更大幅度的衰减。

关键词: 爆炸防护, 纳米多孔材料液体系统, 吸能作用, 有限元数值模拟

Abstract:

To explore the application value of nanoporous material liquid systems (NMLS) in enhancing the blast resistance of fiber shells, experimental and numerical studies were conducted on the blast mitigation effects of nano-porous silica water suspensions. Internal explosion experiments were carried out to compare the blast resistance performance of three different hollow cylindrical composite structures: empty chamber-shell, water-filled chamber-shell, and NMLS-filled chamber-shell. The results showed minimal differences in fiber breakage among these three structures, indicating that neither water nor NMLS exhibited a significant blast mitigation effect. Numerical models matching the experimental conditions were established, and the mechanical behavior of NMLS was described using a compaction equation of state validated by dynamic impact experiments. The simulation results revealed that both water and NMLS significantly increased the internal blast loading on the shell, with peak pressures reaching 1.7 and 1.9 times that of the baseline (no liquid layer), respectively. The more severe loading enhancement caused by NMLS was attributed to the higher initial pressure rise experienced by the shock wave propagating through the NMLS layer under the catch-up effect. Further numerical analyses over a broader range of parameters showed that water consistently exhibits a blast-enhancing effect, while the effect of NMLS transitions from enhancement to mitigation as the standoff distance increases, the charge mass decreases, or the liquid layer thickness increases. This transition was due to a better match between the energy absorption capacity of NMLS and the blast loading, leading to greater attenuation of the shock wave pressure after passing through the NMLS layer.

Key words: blast mitigation, nano-porous material liquid systems, energy absorption, finite element simulation

朱炜, 姚文进, 黄广炎, 李文彬, 王晓鸣. 纳米多孔材料液体系统对近场爆炸载荷削弱效应[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(10): 250468-.

ZHU Wei, YAO Wenjin, HUANG Guangyan, LI Wenbin, WANG Xiaoming. Mitigation Effects of Nanoporous Material Liquid System on losed-field Blast Loading[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(10): 250468-.

图/表 37

图1 制备获得的NMLS试样

Fig.1 The prepared NMLS sample

图2 用于压缩实验的钢制活塞腔体装置

Fig.2 The steel chamber used for compressive testing

图3 水与NMLS压力-体积应变曲线

Fig.3 Plots of pressure versus volumetric strain for water and NMLS

图4 SHPB冲击实验方法

Fig.4 Method of SHPB impact experiments

图5 不同试样压力历程曲线

Fig.5 Pressure histories for the different samples

表1 入射波与透射波的压力峰值和比冲量

Table 1 Peak pressure and impulse of incident and transmitted waves

试样	入射波峰值/MPa	入射波冲量/ (kPa·s)	透射波峰值/MPa	透射波冲量/ (kPa·s)
去离子水	395	27.0	118	11.9
NMLS	391	27.2	49.7	7.7

表2 不同试样对应的应力波能量

Table 2 Energy of the stress waves for different samples

试样	入射波能量/J	反射波能量/J	透射波能量/J	试样及装置耗能/J
无试样	35.81	0.65	33.63	1.53
去离子水	34.08	28.76	3.33	1.99
NMLS	34.58	29.04	1.10	4.44

图6 纤维布试件尺寸与受拉后断裂情况

Fig.6 Dimensions and tensile fracture of the fiber sheet specimens

图7 UHMWPE纤维布拉伸应力-应变曲线

Fig.7 Plot of tensile stress versus strain of the UHMWPE fiber sheet

图8 用于盛装液体的聚合物腔体

Fig.8 Polymer chamber for holding liquid

图9 爆炸实验现场布局

Fig.9 Explosion experiment set-up

表3 爆炸实验被测结构信息

Table 3 Specimen arrangement in the explosion experiments

结构名称	腔体内填充的物质	液体填充腔体总质量/g	纤维层数	纤维围栏质量/g
AF50	空气	88	50	254
WF50	去离子水	314	50	250
NF50	NMLS	290	50	257
AF65	空气	87	65	340
WF65	去离子水	305	65	350
NF65	NMLS	285	65	350
AF75	空气	88	75	401
WF75	去离子水	312	75	400
NF75	NMLS	292	75	395
AF100	空气	88	100	571
WF100	去离子水	315	100	565
NF100	NMLS	294	100	566

图10 爆炸后纤维围栏的变形与破坏

Fig.10 Deformation and damage of fiber shells after explosion

图11 AF75、WF75及NF75中纤维围栏的动态响应

Fig.11 Dynamic response of fiber shellsin AF75, WF75, and NF75

表4 不同结构爆炸后完整纤维层数

Table 4 Intact layer number of fiber shells after explosion

总纤维层数	爆炸后完整纤维层数
总纤维层数	AF	WF	NF
50	0	0	0
65	0	0	0
75	0	0	0
100	11	11	27

图12 AF65、WF65以及NF65中纤维断裂形貌

Fig.12 Fiber fractures of fiber shells in AF65, WF65, and NF65

图13 AF100、WF100以及NF100中纤维断裂形貌

Fig.13 Fiber fractures of fiber shells in AF100, WF100, and NF100

图14 AF100、WF100及NF100中不同层中裂纹数目

Fig.14 Crack number of fiber shells in AF100, WF100, and NF100

图15 二维轴对称数值模拟模型

Fig.15 2D axisymmetric numerical model

图16 欧拉网格尺寸对液体中心的压力峰值的影响

Fig.16 Influence of Eulerian element size on peak pressure at the center of the liquid

表5 NMLS材料参数

Table 5 Material properties for NMLS

参数	P-α状态方程
参数	初始密度ρ₀/ (g·cm^-3)	初始声速c₀/ (m·s^-1)	初始渗入压力 P₀/MPa	完全渗入压力 P_s/MPa	压实指数n
取值	1	1480	20	150	2
参数	Mie-Grüneisen状态方程^[23]
参数	参考密度ρ_s0/ (g·cm^-3)	参考声速c_s/ (m·s^-1)	Grüneisen 系数Γ₀	拟合系数 S₁	比热C_m/ (J·kg^-1·K^-1)
取值	1.159	1483	0.28	1.75	4180

图17 NMLS状态方程参数对透射波压力历程的影响

Fig.17 Influence of equation of state parameters for NMLS on the pressure history of the transmitted wave

表6 空气材料参数[24]

Table 6 Material properties for air[24]

参数	密度ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	比热比 γ	参考温度 T₀/K	比热C_m/ (J·kg^-1·K^-1)	比内能E₀/ (J·kg^-1)
取值	0.001225	1.4	288.2	717.6	206800

表7 8701炸药材料参数[25]

Table 7 Material properties for 8701 explosive[25]

参数	密度ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	爆速D/ (m·s^-1)	A/ GPa	B/ GPa	ω	R₁	R₂	爆轰能量密度e/ (kJ·m^-3)
取值	1.695	8425	852.4	18.02	0.38	4.6	1.35	8939430

表8 纤维复合材料材料参数[26]

Table 8 Material properties for fiber composite[26]

参数	密度ρ/ (g·cm^-3)	Grüneisen 系数Γ₀	声速c/ (m·s^-1)	拟合系数 S₁	比热C_m/ (J·kg^-1·K^-1)	剪切模量 G/GPa
取值	0.98	1.64	3570	1.3	1850	2

表9 数值模拟方案

Table 9 Numerical simulation scheme

工况代号	装药高度 h_e/mm	装药质量 m_e/g	纤维层内半径R_f/mm	液体层厚度 T_l/mm
E1R1T1	20	16.64	45	10
E1R2T1	20	16.64	80	10
E1R3T1	20	16.64	115	10
E1R4T1	20	16.64	130	10
E1R5T1	20	16.64	150	10
E2R2T1	30	24.96	80	10
E3R2T1	15	12.48	80	10
E4R2T1	10	8.32	80	10
E5R2T1	5	4.16	80	10
E1R2T2	20	16.64	80	5
E1R2T3	20	16.64	80	20
E1R2T4	20	16.64	80	30

图18 实验工况AF、WF、NF在内爆炸作用下的动态响应

Fig.18 Dynamic responses of AF, WF, and NF under internal blast loading in experimental case

图19 实验工况纤维围栏内壁上的爆炸载荷

Fig.19 Blast loading on inner wall of fiber shells in experimental case

图20 实验工况液体中的压力特性

Fig.20 Pressure characteristics in the liquids in experimental case

图21 工况E1R4T1中AF、WF、NF在内爆作用下的动态响应

Fig.21 Dynamic responses of AF, WF, and NF under internal blast loading in case E1R4T1

图22 不同内半径纤维围栏内壁压力峰值与比冲量分布

Fig.22 Peak pressure and impulse distribution on the inner wall of the fiber shells of different inner radii

图23 纤维内半径对作用在纤维围栏内壁上爆炸载荷影响

Fig.23 Influence of fiber inner radius on the blast loading exerted on the inner wall of the fiber shell

图24 不同内半径条件下液体中的压力峰值衰减

Fig.24 Peakpressure attenuation in the liquids under different inner-radius conditions

图25 装药质量对作用在纤维围栏内壁上爆炸载荷影响

Fig.25 Influence of charge mass on the blast loading exerted on the inner wall of the fiber shell

图26 不同装药质量条件下液体中的压力峰值衰减

Fig.26 Peak pressure attenuation in the liquids under different charge-mass conditions

图27 液体层厚对作用在纤维围栏内壁上爆炸载荷影响

Fig.27 Influence of liquid thickness on the blast loading exerted on the inner wall of the fiber shell

图28 不同厚度液体中的压力峰值衰减

Fig.28 Peak pressure attenuation in the liquids of different thicknesses

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