柴油机喷孔内空化过程及影响参数的试验研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.11.020

兵工学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 2114-2119.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.11.020

柴油机喷孔内空化过程及影响参数的试验研究

仇滔^1,2, 徐慧¹, 雷艳¹

（1.北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院，北京 100124;2.北京电动车辆协同创新中心，北京 100081）

收稿日期:2016-04-05 修回日期:2016-04-05 上线日期:2016-12-30
通讯作者: 仇滔 E-mail:qiutao@bjut.edu.cn
作者简介:仇滔（1976—），男，副教授
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（51006012）; 北京市教育委员会促进人才培养综合改革基金项目（JZ005011201401）; 北京市教育委员会科技基金项目（KM201610005018）

Experimental Research on the Process of Cavitation and Its Influence on the Nozzle of Diesel Engine

QIU Tao^1,2, XU Hui¹, LEI Yan¹

（1.College of Environmental and Energy Engineering，Beijing University of Technology，Beijing 100124，China；2.Collaborative Innovation Center for Electric Vehicles，Beijing 100081，China)

Received:2016-04-05 Revised:2016-04-05 Online:2016-12-30
Contact: QIU Tao E-mail:qiutao@bjut.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 柴油喷油器内部燃油的高速流动易导致喷孔内部出现空化，影响燃油的流通，因此研究喷孔内燃油空化过程具有重要的意义。在比例放大透明喷孔可视化试验台架上，完成了不同进出口压力下的喷孔流动特性试验，研究了喷孔内的空化规律和对喷孔内流率特性的影响。试验结果表明：当固定入口压力时，随着出口压力的降低，在无空化阶段，流量系数基本不变；当出现空化进入空化发展阶段，空化增强并向出口方向发展，质量流率继续增加，流量系数有所下降；在空化饱和阶段，质量流率不再增加，流量系数加速降低；喷孔的入口压力不影响空化初生和空化饱和对应的临界空化数；喷孔直径不影响空化初生点，但影响空化饱和点，喷孔直径越大，越难达到空化饱和，对应的临界空化数越小；喷孔长度影响空化初生点和空化饱和点，喷孔长度越长，越难发生空化，也越难达到空化饱和，对应的空化初生和空化饱和的临界空化数越小。

关键词: 动力机械工程, 喷孔, 空化过程, 空化数, 试验研究

Abstract: The high-speed flow of internal fuel in diesel fuel injector is easy to cause cavitation inside the nozzle, which affects the flow of fuel. It is very important to study the cavitation process of fuel in the nozzle. The flow characteristics of the nozzle under different inlet and outlet pressures is studied by experiments on the scale-enlarged visualization test bench. The experimental results show that the inlet pressure is constant, with the decrease in the outlet pressure, 1) during the no cavitation period, the discharge coefficient is basically unchanged; 2) during the cavitation developing period, cavitation becomes stronger and develops from the entrance of the nozzle to the outlet, the mass flow rate continues to increase and the discharge coefficient decreases; 3) during the cavitation saturation period, the mass flow rate maintains stable but the discharge coefficient continues decreasing. The inlet pressure of the nozzle does not affect the critical cavitation number of cavitation inception and cavitation saturation. The diameter of the nozzle does not affect the point of cavitation inception, but the point of cavitation saturation; as the diameter of the nozzle is larger, the more difficult it is to achieve the cavitation saturation, and the smaller of the critical cavitation number. The length of the nozzle affects the point of cavitation inception and cavitation saturation; the length of the nozzle is longer, the more difficult it is to occur cavitation and to achieve cavitation saturation, the critical cavitation numbers of both the cavitation inception and the cavitation saturation are smaller.

Key words: power machinery engineering, injector nozzle, cavitation process, cavitation number, experimental research

中图分类号:

TK421⁺.43

仇滔, 徐慧, 雷艳. 柴油机喷孔内空化过程及影响参数的试验研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(11): 2114-2119.

QIU Tao, XU Hui, LEI Yan. Experimental Research on the Process of Cavitation and Its Influence on the Nozzle of Diesel Engine[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2016, 37(11): 2114-2119.

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柴油机喷孔内空化过程及影响参数的试验研究

Experimental Research on the Process of Cavitation and Its Influence on the Nozzle of Diesel Engine

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