工程爆破扩腔能耗随不耦合系数的变化规律

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2024.0202

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了优化地下工程周边孔光面爆破中的炸药能量分布情况,提高孔痕率,保证光面爆破效果,采用爆破破岩及断裂力学理论,构建扩腔能耗计算方法,通过浇筑素混凝土模型进行爆破试验,得到扩腔尺寸、体积和能耗随不耦合系数K的变化规律。研究结果表明:在K由1.25增大到3.375的过程中,扩腔直径平均为3.43cm,扩腔长度平均为12.7cm,扩腔体积介于52.98~155.56cm³,扩腔能耗介于0.58~1.70kJ,其在炸药总能量中的占比介于2.9%~8.5%;随着K的增大,扩腔体积和能耗呈减小趋势,K在达到3.0~3.5时对减小扩腔能耗效果最为明显,而后趋于平稳;K增大会减轻炸药能量对炮孔壁岩石的粉碎程度,使扩腔体积减小,同时扩腔能耗降低;模型试验结果与理论分析相互验证,表明在一定范围内选取较大的不耦合系数可以减小扩腔能耗。

关键词: 工程爆破, 扩腔, 能耗, 不耦合系数, 模型试验

Abstract:

In order to optimize the distribution of explosive energy in the smooth blasting of holes around underground projects, improve the hole mark rate and ensure the smooth blasting effect, a calculation method for the energy consumption of cavity expansion is established based on the theory of rock breaking and fracture mechanics. The blasting test is carried out with the cast-in-situ plain concrete model, and the law of variation of blasting size, cavity volume and energy consumption with the decoupling coefficient K is obtained. The research results show that the diameter of cavity expansion is 3.43 cm in the process of increasing from 1.25 to 3.375, the average cavity length is 12.7cm, and the cavity volume ranges from 52.98cm³ to 155.56cm³. The expanding-cavity energy consumption is between 0.58kJ and 1.70kJ, and its proportion in the total explosive energy is between 2.9% and 8.5%, and the volume and energy consumption of cavity expansion decrease with the increase of K. K has the most obvious effect on reducing the energy consumption of cavity expansion when it reaches 3.0~3.5, and then tends to be stable; With the increase of K, the degree of pulverization of the rock on the hole wall by explosive energy is reduced so that the volume of and energy consumption of the cavity are reduced. The results of model test and theoretical analysis are mutually verified. It is indicated that a large decoupling coefficient can be selected to reduce the energy consumption ofcavity expansion in a certain range.

Key words: engineering blasting, expansion of cavity, energy consumption, decoupling coefficient, model test

中图分类号:

O383

黄永辉, 秦丽绚, 徐锐, 张智宇. 工程爆破扩腔能耗随不耦合系数的变化规律[J]. 兵工学报, 2025, 46(3): 240202-.

HUANG Yonghui, QIN Lixuan, XU Rui, ZHANG Zhiyu. Variation Law of Energy Consumption of Engineering Blasting Cavity Expansion with Decoupling Coefficient[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2025, 46(3): 240202-.

图/表 15

图1 扩腔过程示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of cavity expansion process

图2 冲击波做功微元体示意图

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of shock wave micro-body

图3 爆炸气体做功微元体示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of explosion gas micro-body

表1 炮孔参数

Table 1 Borehole parameter

模型编号	炮孔直径/cm	装药直径/cm	不耦合系数
A	1.0	0.8	1.250
B	1.2		1.500
C	1.6		2.000
D	2.0		2.500
E	2.4		3.000
F	2.7		3.375

图4 实物模型图

Fig. 4 Physical model

图5 炮孔装药结构图

Fig.5 Hole charging structure

表2 力学测试结果

Table 2 Model physical and mechanical parameters

单轴抗压强度σ_c/MPa	纵波波速/ (m·s^-1)	密度 ρ_r/(kg·m^-3)	泊松比μ	弹性模量/ GPa
8.38	2326	1850	0.24	10.02

图6 试件基础力学参数测试

Fig.6 Test of basic mechanical parameters of specimens

图7 扩腔测量

Fig.7 Cavity expansion measurement

表3 扩腔参数

Table 3 Cavity expansion parameter

不耦合系数K	炮孔半径 r₀/cm	装药长度 l₀/cm	扩腔长度 l_c/cm	扩腔直径 d_c/cm	扩腔体积 V_c/cm³
1.250	0.50	10	14.64	3.77	155.56
1.500	0.60	10	11.98	3.56	107.93
2.000	0.80	10	11.39	3.53	91.37
2.500	1.00	10	13.91	3.05	70.21
3.000	1.20	10	12.93	3.11	52.98
3.375	1.35	10	11.32	3.54	54.16

图8 扩腔直径随不耦合系数变化关系

Fig.8 Relationship between diameter of cavity expansion and decoupling coefficient

图9 扩腔长度随不耦合系数变化关系

Fig.9 Relationship between length of cavity expansion and decoupling coefficient

图10 扩腔体积随不耦合系数变化关系

Fig.10 Relationship between volume of cavity expansion and decoupling coefficient

表4 扩腔能耗及占比

Table 4 Energy consumption and proportion of cavity expansion

不耦合系数 K	扩腔体积 V_c/cm³	动态抗压强度σ/MPa	扩腔耗能 E_v/kJ	扩腔能耗占比η_v/%
1.250	155.56	10.89	1.70	8.50
1.500	107.93	10.89	1.18	5.90
2.000	91.37	10.89	1.00	5.00
2.500	70.21	10.89	0.77	3.85
3.000	52.98	10.89	0.58	2.90
3.375	54.16	10.89	0.59	2.95

图11 扩腔能耗及其占比随不耦合系数变化关系

Fig.11 Relationship between the energy consumption and proportion of cavity expansion and the decoupling coefficient

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