燃烧爆炸品生产设备危险性评价方法

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.1218

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足企业对于燃烧爆炸品生产设备(下文简称涉火设备)开展安全风险分级管控的迫切需求,基于风险评价理论建立了针对行业特点的涉火设备风险概率和风险后果评价体系。针对含能物料、生产工艺、设备、安全补偿措施和事故后果等综合影响因素,研究其修正与量化方法,建立涉火设备机械危险性系数、控制系统危险系数和燃烧爆炸冲击波条件下的风险后果评价指标分析流程和计算方法,同时引入生产工序危险修正系数、人员伤亡修正系数和现实危险性修正系数,形成一种新型涉火设备危险性评价方法。在此基础上,选取典型生产线中52台涉火设备开展危险性评价分析试验,试验结果表明,设备测算分级结果与生产单位现有设备风险性管理等级吻合度达100%,验证了该方法在涉火设备危险性评价中的有效性,可有效支撑企业开展涉火设备安全风险精益化、专业化管理。

关键词: 燃烧爆炸品, 风险评价, 分类分级, 安全评估

Abstract:

In order to meet the urgent need of factories to carry out the safety and risk classification and grading management for burning explosives production equipment, a risk probability and risk consequence evaluation system for the production equipment is established based on the existing risk evaluation theory according to the characteristics of military industry. The correction and quantification methods are studied for the comprehensive influencing factors, such as energetic materials, production process, equipment, safety and compensation measures,and accident consequences, and the analysis process and calculation method are established for the mechanical hazard coefficient of production equipment, the hazard coefficient of control system and the evaluation indexes of risk and consequence under the condition of the combustion and explosion shockwave. The correction coefficients of the danger of production process, the casualties and the real danger are introduced to form a new hazard evaluation methodby us for burning explosives production equipment. On this basis, 52 production equipment in typical production lines are selected for the analysis and verification of risk evaluation. The results of equipment measurement and grading coincide with the existing equipment risk management level of a production unit by 100%, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method for evaluating the risk of the production equipment.The hazard evaluation method for burning explosives production equipment can effectively support the military enterprises to carry out the lean and professional management of the safety and risk of the production equipment.

Key words: burning explosive, risk evaluation, classification and grading, safety assessment

中图分类号:

TJ55
TH17

王付安, 赵媛媛, 孙琤, 吴斯琪, 郭进秋. 燃烧爆炸品生产设备危险性评价方法[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(S1): 331-338.

WANG Fuan, ZHAO Yuanyuan, SUN Cheng, WU Siqi, GUO Jinqiu. Hazard Evaluation Method for Burning Explosives Production Equipment[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(S1): 331-338.

图/表 7

表1 设备分类分级评估表

Table 1 Equipment classification and grading evaluation form

危险指数	设备等级
>250	0级设备
150~250	I级设备
75~150	II级设备
<75	III级设备

表2 生产工序危险性修正系数取值表

Table 2 Value table of hazard correction factors for production processes

生产工序工房危险等级	λ₁
A	1.2
B	1.0
C₁	0.95
C₂	0.9
D	0.8

图1 易燃易爆危险的风险评估流程

Fig.1 Risk assessment process for flammable and explosive hazards

表3 不同环境下的超压计算系数

Table 3 Calculation coefficients for overpressure in different environments

参数	无限空间	刚性地面	普通土壤地面
a	0.84	1.06	1.02
b	2.70	4.30	3.99
c	7.0	14.0	12.6

表4 空气冲击波超压与比例距离的关系

Table 4 The relationship between air shock wave overpressure and proportional distance

$R ¯$ /(m·kg^-1/3)	Δp/MPa
3.0	0.1350
3.5	0.0981
4.0	0.0753
4.5	0.0602
5	0.0496
6	0.0361
7	0.0280
8	0.0227
9	0.0190

表4 空气冲击波超压与比例距离的关系

Table 4 The relationship between air shock wave overpressure and proportional distance

$R ¯$ /(m·kg^-1/3)	Δp/MPa
3.0	0.1350
3.5	0.0981
4.0	0.0753
4.5	0.0602
5	0.0496
6	0.0361
7	0.0280
8	0.0227
9	0.0190

表5 事故的可能后果及分数取值表

Table 5 Possible consequences and score values of accidents

设备事故后果分值	事故的可能后果
设备事故后果分值	人员伤害	财产损失
40	死亡人数3~9人,或10~49人重伤	1000万以上
15	死亡人数2人,或6~9人重伤	800~1000万
10	死亡人数1人,或3~6人重伤	500~800万
7	2人重伤	300~500万
5	1人重伤	100~300万
3	轻微	小于100万

图2 某厂xxx生产线中混药装置的危险性评估计算流程

Fig.2 Calculation table for hazard assessment of a mixing device in a production line of a plant

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