破片杀伤战斗部空爆状态下车顶夹芯板防护性能分析与优化设计

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2023.0487

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在现代战争中,为实现远程精确打击,众多破片杀伤战斗部选择车辆顶部作为首选攻击位置,而目前国内外关于冲击波和破片联合作用下车辆顶部防护的研究基本没有。为提高特种车辆顶部防护性能并实现结构轻量化设计,通过北约一级替代装药爆炸试验和破片飞散理论计算,验证了数值模拟的有效性和准确性。根据LS-DYNA软件分析结果数据和破片外弹道方程,采用Python软件等编写用于分析不同起爆高度下破片落点分布的解算处理程序。设计一种I-Y型夹芯板,并与另外5种不同结构夹芯板的防护性能进行综合比较,证明了该型板的优越性。进而以质量损失、能量吸收、背板峰值位移及破片速度分布为评价标准,研究炸药起爆方式、炸药相对位置、面板和背板厚度、夹芯层结构参数对I-Y型板防护性能的影响。选择面板厚度、背板厚度、夹芯层高度和胞元宽度为设计变量,以背板峰值位移和夹芯板质量为优化目标,用最优拉丁超立方试验方法进行采样,采用Kriging法构建代理模型,用非支配排序遗传算法进行多目标优化求解,并对最优解进行仿真验证,为冲击波和破片联合作用下车顶防护结构优化设计提供了支持。

关键词: 预制破片, 飞散初速度, I-Y型夹芯板, 防护性能, 多目标优化

Abstract:

In modern warfare, many fragmentation warheads choose the top of vehicle as the preferred attack position to achieve long-range precision strike, but there is little research on the top protection of vehicle under the combined action of shock wave and fragmentation at home and abroad. In order to improve the protection performance of the top of special vehicle and realize the lightweight structural design, The effectiveness and accuracy of numerical simulation are verified by the NATO first-stage alternative charge explosion test and the theoretical calculation of fragment dispersion. A solution processing program for analyzing the fragment point distribution at different initiation heights is written by using Python according to the LS-DYNA analysis result data and the fragment ballistic equation. Then, an I-Y type sandwich plate is designed and compared with another five types of sandwich plates with different structures to prove its superiority. Further, The effects of explosive initiation mode, relative position of explosive, thicknesses of panel and backplane, and structural parameters of sandwich layer on the protection performance of I-Y plate are studied by taking the mass loss, energy absorption, peak displacement and fragment velocity distribution as evaluation criteria. Finally, the thickness of panel, the thickness of backplane, the height of sandwich layer and the width of cell are selected as the design variables, and the peak displacement of backplane and the quality of sandwich plate are taken as the optimization objectives. The optimal Latin Hypercube test method is used for sampling, Kriging method is used to construct the proxy model.and NSGA-Ⅱ genetic algorithm is used for multi-objective optimization. the optimal solution is simulated and verified, which provides support for the optimization design of roof protection structure under the combined action of shock waves and fragments.

Key words: prefabricated fragment, dispersion initial velocity, I-Y shaped sandwich plate, protection performance, multi-objective optimization

中图分类号:

O383⁺.3

傅耀宇, 贵新成, 周云波, 刘家志, 石昊, 王铮. 破片杀伤战斗部空爆状态下车顶夹芯板防护性能分析与优化设计[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(1): 69-84.

FU Yaoyu, GUI Xincheng, ZHOU Yunbo, LIU Jiazhi, SHI Hao, WANG Zheng. Protection Performance Analysis and Optimization Design of Vehicle Roof Sandwich Plateunder Air Explosion Condition of Fragment Warhead[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(1): 69-84.

图/表 46

图1 北约一级严重威胁替代装药

Fig.1 NATO Level 1 serious threat alternative charge

图2 预制钢破片

Fig.2 Prefabricated steel fragments

图3 替代装药现场布置

Fig.3 Alternative charging site layout

图4 替代装药仿真模型

Fig.4 Alternative charging simulation setup

图5 车辆底部钢板伤痕

Fig.5 Steel plate scars at the bottom of vehicle

图6 仿真损伤结果

Fig.6 Simulation damage result

图7 0.15ms时的破片飞散状态

Fig.7 Dispersion state of fragments at 0.15ms

图8 破片速度

Fig.8 Fragment velocity

图9 破片战斗部有限元模型

Fig.9 Finite element model of fragmentation warhead

表1 空气参数

Table 1 Air parameters

ρ/(kg·m^-3)	C₀/MPa	C₄/MPa	C₅/MPa	E₀/(kJ·m^-3)	μ
1.225	-0.1	0.4	0.4	253	1

表2 炸药参数

Table 2 Explosive parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
p_C-J/MPa	21000	R₁	4.15
爆速v/(m·s^-1)	6930	R₂	0.9
ρ/(kg·m^-3)	1630	ω	0.35
A/MPa	37377	E_TNT/(J·m^-3)	6000
B/MPa	37347	V	1

表3 破片参数

Table 3 Fragment parameters

ρ/(kg·m^-3)	E/MPa	A/MPa	B/MPa	c	n	m
7800	210	1342	415	0.03	0.121	0.689

图10 LS-DYNA导出的破片单元和节点信息

Fig.10 Fragment unit and node information exported by LS-DYNA

图11 破片数据搜索流程图

Fig.11 Flow chart of fragment data search

图12 处理后的数据结果

Fig.12 The result of the processed data

图13 I-Y型夹芯板数值计算模型

Fig.13 Numerical calculation model of I-Y sandwich plate

表4 夹芯板材料参数

Table 4 Material parameters of sandwich plate

ρ/ (kg·m^-3)	A/ MPa	B/ MPa	c	n	m	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄
7850	1310	500	0.002	0.86	0.96	0.15	3.3	-420	0.52

图14 6种典型结构

Fig.14 Six typical structures

表5 6种典型结构的尺寸参数

Table 5 Dimension parameters of six typical structures

类型	t_a/ mm	t_b/ mm	t_e/ mm	t_f/ mm	b_c/ mm	h_c/ mm	总质量/ kg
单层	8.9
I型	3.2	3.2		3.0	36	25
V型	3.2	3.2	1.8		36	25	18.5
Y型	3.1	3.1	1.8		36	25
I-V型	2.7	2.7	1.9	1.8	36	25
I-Y型	2.5	2.5	1.8	1.8	36	25

图15 6种典型结构的质量损失情况

Fig.15 Mass loss of six typical structures

图16 6种典型结构的能量吸收情况

Fig.16 Energy absorption of six typical structures

图17 6种典型结构的背板峰值位移响应情况

Fig.17 Peak displacement responses of backplanes of six typical structures

图18 炸药起爆点位置

Fig.18 Location of explosive initiation point

表6 炸药起爆方式

Table 6 Modes of explosive initiation

工况	起爆方式	起爆点
1	单点起爆	1
2	单点起爆	2
3	单点起爆	3
4	单点起爆	4
5	单点起爆	5
6	多点起爆	1,5
7	多点起爆	2,4
8	线起爆

图19 8种工况下的破片速度分布

Fig.19 Fragment velocity distributions under eight working conditions

图20 8种工况下的质量损失情况

Fig.20 Mass losses under eight working conditions

图21 8种工况下的能量吸收情况

Fig.21 Energy absorption under eight working conditions

图22 8种工况下的背板峰值位移响应情况

Fig.22 Peak displacement responses of backplane under eight working conditions

图23 不同炸药位置示意图

Fig.23 Schematic diagram of different explosive positions

图24 5种工况下的质量损失情况

Fig.24 Mass losses under five working conditions

图25 5种工况下的能量吸收情况

Fig.25 Energy absorption under five working conditions

图26 5种工况下的背板峰值位移响应情况

Fig.26 Peak displacement response of backplane under five working conditions

表7 5种不同结构的尺寸参数

Table 7 Size parameters of five different structures

工况	t_a/ mm	t_b/ mm	t_e/ mm	t_f/ mm	b_c/ mm	h_c/ mm	总质量/ kg
1	1.5	3.5	1.8	1.8	36	25
2	2.0	3.0	1.8	1.8	36	25
3	2.5	2.5	1.8	1.8	36	25	18.5
4	3.0	2.0	1.8	1.8	36	25
5	3.5	1.5	1.8	1.8	36	25

图27 5种不同尺寸结构的质量损失情况

Fig.27 Mass lossesof five structures with different sizes

图28 5种不同尺寸结构的能量吸收情况

Fig.28 Energy absorption of five structures with differentsizes

图29 5种不同尺寸结构的背板峰值位移响应情况

Fig.29 Peak displacement responses of backplanes in five structures with different sizes

表8 6种不同结构的尺寸参数

Table 8 Size parameters of six different structures

工况	t_a/ mm	t_b/ mm	t_e/ mm	t_f/ mm	b_c/ mm	h_c/ mm	总质量/ kg
1	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.0	36	20
2	2.5	2.5	1.8	2.0	30	20
3	2.5	2.5	1.6	1.7	30	25	18.5
4	2.5	2.5	1.8	1.8	36	25
5	2.5	2.5	1.8	1.5	36	30
6	2.5	2.5	1.3	1.5	30	30

图30 6种不同尺寸结构的质量损失情况

Fig.30 Masslossesof six different structures with different sizes

图31 6种不同尺寸结构的能量吸收情况

Fig.31 Energy absorptionof six structures with different sizes

图32 6种不同尺寸结构的背板峰值位移响应情况

Fig.32 Peak displacement responses of backplanes in six structures with different sizes

图33 设计变量示意图

Fig.33 Schematic diagram of design variables

表9 设计变量变化范围

Table 9 Variation range of design variables

类型	t_a/mm	t_b/mm	b_c/mm	h_c/mm
初始值	2.5	2.5	30	30
下限	1.5	1.5	24	25
上限	3.5	3.5	36	35

表10 试验设计中所有样本点及其响应结果

Table 10 All sample points in the experimental design andtheir response results

序号	t_a/ mm	t_b/ mm	b_c/ mm	h_c/ mm	F_W/ kg	v_Z/ (m·s^-1)	F_Z/ mm
1	3.05	2.87	25.78	34.90	25.44	0	11.40
2	1.61	2.65	35.73	29.17	17.93	0	13.02
3	2.03	3.25	28.75	33.62	22.62	0	9.84
4	1.78	1.81	34.65	33.94	17.45	98	—
5	2.21	3.02	32.88	32.27	21.05	0	10.37
6	2.64	3.42	32.24	25.51	21.40	0	10.54
7	2.96	1.52	24.58	25.07	19.79	103	—
8	2.11	2.07	30.99	25.84	17.68	0	14.98
9	2.36	1.73	27.20	27.96	19.16	0	15.64
10	2.76	2.40	28.06	30.16	21.61	0	12.26
11	3.30	2.73	29.37	29.02	22.70	0	10.37
12	3.31	2.51	26.73	32.18	23.98	0	10.99
13	3.39	3.27	31.22	27.05	23.16	0	9.18
14	1.95	3.35	27.40	26.03	20.96	0	10.36
15	1.74	3.16	31.65	32.59	20.88	0	10.51
16	2.27	2.80	26.01	29.76	21.93	0	11.92
17	3.50	2.45	30.33	31.47	23.02	0	10.77
18	3.09	1.88	34.96	30.69	19.74	0	13.31
19	1.55	2.93	24.26	31.57	21.85	0	10.93
20	1.63	1.60	29.67	26.56	16.26	146	—
21	2.89	2.57	33.89	29.61	20.73	0	11.71
22	1.89	1.94	26.28	34.24	22.82	0	13.24
23	1.84	2.37	33.68	26.52	17.59	0	14.24
24	3.19	1.64	28.22	33.36	21.60	0	14.49
25	2.49	2.29	32.57	28.54	19.12	0	13.26
26	2.52	3.44	30.73	32.95	23.01	0	8.96
27	2.82	2.06	33.23	28.26	21.56	0	12.00
28	2.74	2.96	24.83	27.73	23.00	0	12.07
29	2.15	1.84	25.23	30.96	20.08	0	14.38
30	3.16	2.21	34.46	30.40	20.57	0	11.62
31	2.62	2.13	35.34	34.44	20.15	0	12.22
32	2.40	3.11	29.24	27.42	21.19	0	10.78

表11 Pareto部分解集

Table 11 Pareto partial solution set

序号	t_a/mm	t_b/mm	b_c/mm	h_c/mm	F_W/kg	F_Z/mm
1	1.72	3.44	29.70	32.34	21.65	9.65
2	1.72	2.73	31.08	28.02	17.54	13.23
3	2.38	3.44	30.73	33.73	22.89	8.91
…	…	…	…	…	…	…
287	1.74	2.77	30.89	27.46	17.68	13.08
288	1.72	2.77	30.71	27.46	17.69	13.06
289	1.75	2.65	31.01	28.11	17.24	13.57
…	…	…	…	…	…	…
531	1.67	2.66	31.27	27.50	17.23	13.59
532	1.63	2.94	30.74	27.39	18.41	12.28
533	1.74	2.54	31.40	27.50	16.85	14.07

图34 目标化处理后的帕累托前沿

Fig.34 Pareto front after targeted processing

图35 最优解圆整后的仿真结果

Fig.35 Simulated results after the rounded optimal solution

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