RDX基PBX炸药热损伤演化行为的量化表征

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0296

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

炸药热损伤特征及演化行为对装药安全性具有重要影响。综合采用微米级计算机断层扫描和定量图像分析方法,系统研究热处理过程中某RDX基PBX炸药内部产生的损伤特征,包括损伤形貌特征、损伤量化表征和损伤形成机制。炸药样品被加热到不同温度,直至接近其临界点火温度,热损伤后炸药内部细观结构发生显著变化,产生RDX颗粒-粘结剂界面力学脱粘、RDX颗粒内部热分解形成微孔以及脱粘区域汇集形成连通孔隙等典型损伤特征。定量分析表征损伤的多个关键参量如孔隙率、孔隙尺寸分布、孔隙比表面积、球度和泛形复杂度等随温度的变化规律,揭示了RDX基PBX炸药热损伤形成机制和损伤演化规律。所得研究成果为研究热损伤对炸药点火响应的敏化机制、建立炸药损伤点火反应演化泛形模型提供了物理基础。

关键词: PBX炸药, 细观结构, 断层扫描, 定量图像分析方法, 热损伤机制, 损伤演化规律

Abstract:

The thermal damaged features and evolutionbehaviors of high explosives (HEs) play a crucial roleintheir safety. In this study, micro-scale computerized tomography (Micro-CT)technology and quantitative image analysis were used to systematicallyinvestigatethe mesostructural defects in RDX-based PBXs after thermal damage, including defect geometrical features,quantitative statistics, and formation mechanism. The samples were heated untilreaching the critical ignition temperature. Significant changes in mesostructural morphology of the thermal damaged samples were observed,resulting in typical damage characteristics such asmechanical debonding of RDX particle-binder interfaces,meso-pores formed by thermal decomposition of RDX particles,and channels through interconnection of interfacial debonding. The variation of several key parameters with temperature used to characterize thermal damages were quantitatively analyzed,including porosity,pore size distribution,specific surface area,sphericity, and ubiquitiformal complexity.Through qualitative and quantitative observation of the mesostucture, the thermal damage mode and evolution of RDX-based PBXs with increasing temperature were obtained. This study provides physical basisfor investigating the sensitization mechanism of thermal damage on explosive ignition response and establishing a ubiquitiformal model for the ignition reaction evolution of damaged explosives.

Key words: PBXs, mesostructure, computerized tomography technology, quantitative image analysis, thermal damage mode, thermal damage evolution

许礼吉, 段卓平, 白志玲, 吴艳青, 黄风雷. RDX基PBX炸药热损伤演化行为的量化表征[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(7): 2002-2013.

XU Liji, DUAN Zhuoping, BAI Zhiling, WU Yanqing, HUANG Fenglei. Quantitative Characterization of Thermal Damage Evolution of RDX-Based PBX Explosives[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(7): 2002-2013.

图/表 13

图1 RDX基PBX炸药的 DSC/TGA实验测试结果

Fig.1 DSC/TGA testing results of RDX-based PBX explosives

图2 CT测试数据的3D图像重建流程图

Fig.2 Illustration of the 3D reconstruction process of CT testing data

图3 不同热处理温度下炸药样品轴向截面中心位置的原始CT切片和炸药CT切片

Fig.3 Original and processed CT slices of RDX-based PBXs under different thermal treatment temperatures

图4 不同热处理温度下炸药样品三维渲染图(样品中灰色为RDX、蓝色为孔隙)

Fig.4 3D rendering of RDX-based PBXs under different thermal treatment temperatures (gray and blue represent RDX and pores, respectively)

图5 不同热处理温度下炸药样品孔隙三维渲染

Fig.5 3D rendering of pores in RDX-based PBXs under different thermal treatment temperatures

图6 不同热处理温度下炸药试样连通孔隙三维渲染

Fig.6 3D rendering of interconnected pores in RDX-based PBXs under different thermal treatment temperatures

图7 不同热处理温度下炸药试样的孔隙率

Fig.7 Porosity of RDX-based PBXs under different thermal treatment temperatures

表1 各温度样品中不同尺寸孔隙对应的数量

Table 1 Numbers of pores with different sizes under different thermal treatment temperatures

温度/℃	10~10²μm³	10²~10³μm³	10³~10⁴μm³	10⁴~10⁵μm³	10⁵~10⁶μm³	10⁶~10⁷μm³	10⁷~10⁸μm³	10⁸~10⁹μm³	10⁹~10¹⁰μm³
20	2603	1682	8602	4596	732	72	11	0	0
140	13823	4252	1602	2831	897	81	8	1	0
160	6778	5465	3915	2864	476	18	0	0	1
180	172281	100300	16570	3854	653	48	2	0	1

图8 不同热处理温度下炸药样品孔隙尺寸分布

Fig.8 Porosity size distribution of RDX-based PBXs under different thermal treatment temperatures

表2 不同温度热处理后炸药样品孔隙的比表面积

Table 2 Specific surface area of pores in samples under different thermal treatment temperatures

热处理温度/℃	孔隙表面积/μm²	通孔表面积/μm²	样品体积/ μm³	孔隙比表面积/μm^-1	比值
20	1.72×10⁸	0	2.93×10¹⁰	5.80×10^-3	1.00
140	1.72×10⁸	1.39×10⁶	2.93×10¹⁰	5.87×10^-3	1.01
160	2.79×10⁸	2.10×10⁸	2.93×10¹⁰	9.52×10^-3	1.64
180	3.36×10⁸	1.83×10⁸	2.93 ×10¹⁰	1.15×10^-2	1.98

图9 不同热处理温度下炸药样品孔隙球度随尺寸的变化

Fig.9 Pore size vs. calculated sphericity of pores in RDX-based PBXs under different thermal treatment temperatures

图10 炸药样品孔隙的泛形复杂度随温度的变化趋势图

Fig.10 Ubiquitiformal complexity of pores in RDX-based PBXs under different thermal treatment temperatures

图11 放大200倍的RDX颗粒细观形貌

Fig.11 Mesoscopic morphology of RDX particles at 200 times magnification

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