Al/Ti基纳米复合燃料热反应性及燃烧性能

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0132

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为有效促进Al/Ti金属间反应,利用高能球磨法制备Al/Ti@AP/NC和Al/Ti@PVDF/CL-20两种核壳型复合燃料。采用扫描电子显微镜评估复合颗粒的包覆效果,利用综合热分析仪研究复合燃料的热反应性能,通过氧弹燃烧仪测试复合燃料的能量性能,借助综合燃烧诊断系统研究复合燃料的燃烧特性,利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究Al/Ti基复合燃料燃烧产物的形貌及成分。研究结果表明:采用高能球磨法可使含能复合物均匀包覆在Al/Ti表面;Al/Ti的加入促进了含能复合物分解,同时含能复合物包覆增强了Al/Ti金属间反应、提高了燃料的火焰传播速度和燃烧波温度;尤其是采用AP/NC含能复合物为包覆层的复合燃料,其火焰传播速度(246.6mm/s)较相同配方未包覆含能复合物的Al/Ti(23.5 m/s)增加了9.5倍,燃烧波温度(1703.2℃)较Al/Ti(1069.3℃)提高了59.3%。复合燃料凝聚相燃烧产物成分取决于包覆物元素组成,凝聚相燃烧产物主要包含AlTi₂C和Ti(O_0.19C_0.53N_0.32),表明在燃烧过程中Al/Ti与含能复合物发生了化学反应。

关键词: 纳米复合燃料, Al基, 燃烧性能

Abstract:

To effectively promote the intermetallic reaction between Al and Ti, two types of core-shell structured nanocomposite fuels have been prepared by using the high-energy ball milling method, namely Al/Ti@AP/NC and Al/Ti@PVDF/CL-20. The quality of the coating layers of AP/NC and PVDF/CL-20 on the surface of Al/Ti is inspected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal reactivity, heat of reaction and combustion performances of Al/Ti-based composite fuels are evaluated by DSC/TG thermal analyses, a bomb calorimeter, and a customized combustion diagnostic system. The morphologies and compositions of the condensed combustion products (CCPs) are characterized by SEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, respectively. Results show that the core-shell structured Al/Ti@AP/NC and Al/Ti@PVDF/CL-20 could be obtained by high-energy ball milling method. The thermal decomposition of the energetic composites is enhanced with the introduction of Al/Ti. Furthermore, the intermetallic reaction between Al and Ti, burning rate, and the combustion wave temperature could be enhanced with the inclusions of AP/NC or PVDF/CL-20. In particular, for the composite fuel coated with AP/NC, the burning rate (246.6mm·s^-1) is increased by 9.5 times and the combustion wave temperature (1703.2℃) is 59.3% higher compared to that of pure Al/Ti (the burning rate and combustion wave temperature are 23.5mm·s^-1 and 1069.3℃, respectively). The compositions of the CCPs depend on the types of energetic coating layers, which are dominated with AlTi₂C and Ti(O_0.19C_0.53N_0.32), indicating that chemical reactions occur between Al/Ti and energetic composites during the combustion process.

Key words: nano-composite fuels, Al/Ti, combustion performance

杨素兰, 张皓瑞, 聂洪奇, 严启龙. Al/Ti基纳米复合燃料热反应性及燃烧性能[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(4): 1118-1125.

YANG Sulan, ZHANG Haorui, NIE Hongqi, YAN Qilong. Thermal Reactivity and Combustion Performances of Al/Ti-based Nano-composite Fuels[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(4): 1118-1125.

图/表 10

表1 Al/Ti基复合燃料的配方组成

Table 1 Compositions of Al/Ti-based composite fuels %

样本	组成
样本	Al	Ti	AP	NC	PVDF	CL-20
Al/Ti	36.06	63.94
Al/Ti@AP/NC	32.46	57.54	6.67	3.33
Al/Ti@PVDF/CL-20	32.46	57.54			1.43	8.57

图1 样品的SEM图像

Fig.1 SEM images of the samples

图2 (a)样品的DSC曲线

Fig.2 DSC curves of the samples

表2 AP/NC、PVDF/CL-20各组分及其复合材料的DSC参数

Table 2 DSC parametersof the components of AP/NC, PVDF/CL-20 and their composites

样本	T₀/ ℃	T_p / ℃	T_e/ ℃	ΔH/ (J·g^-1)
AP-1^st	268.4	299.3	311.0	266.4
AP-2^nd	361.3	396.1	407.1	159.5
NC	197.2	212.9	230.6	1657.0
AP/NC-1^st	196.0	213.2	223.5	51.2
AP/NC-2^nd	293.5	312.9	335.8	84.0
AP/NC-3^rd	356.7	386.3	410.2	530.5
PVDF	468.5	503.4	569.9	296
CL-20	236.9	237.9	275.5	658.5
PVDF/CL-20-1^st	237.5	238.2	261.7	414.8
PVDF/CL-20-2^nd	479.8	496.6	508.6	40.9
Al/Ti	515.8	570.9	628.2	164.1
Al/Ti@AP/NC-1^st	188.4	206.0	234.1	13.4
Al/Ti@AP/NC-2^nd	248.2	298.1	313.5	145.9
Al/Ti@AP/NC-3^rd	644.1	640.5	658.6	218.5
Al/Ti@PVDF/CL-20-1^st	210.9	228.7	242.5	59.8
Al/Ti@PVDF/CL-20-2^nd	471.5	485.0	503.7	15.3
Al/Ti@PVDF/CL-20-3^rd	621.9	641.5	659.2	211.7

表3 用氧弹燃烧仪测量Al/Ti基复合燃料的反应热

Table 3 Heats of reaction of Al/Ti-based composite fuels measured by a bomb calorimeter

样本	反应热/(J·g^-1)	误差/(J·g^-1)
Al/Ti	2331	±95
Al/Ti@AP/NC	3539	±85
Al/Ti@PVDF/CL-20	3490	±92

图3 样品燃烧过程的高速摄影照片

Fig.3 Sequential snapshots taken for the ignited samples

表4 Al/Ti基复合燃料的火焰传播速度

Table 4 The propagation rate of Al/Ti-based composite fuels

样本	火焰传播速率/ (mm·s^-1)	误差/ (mm·s^-1)
Al/Ti	23.5	±3.2
Al/Ti@AP/NC	246.6	±2.9
Al/Ti@PVDF/CL-20	89.9	±3.8

图4 火焰温度随时间的变化曲线

Fig.4 Curves of the combustion wave temperature vs time

图5 样品凝聚相燃烧产物的SEM图像

Fig.5 The SEM image and compositions of the combustion condensed products from the samples

图6 样品凝聚相燃烧产物的XRD物相组成

Fig.6 Compositions of the combustion condensed products from the samples

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