航行体水下高膛压与高速发射载荷特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0802

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水下高膛压高速发射航行体后形成的多相流场复杂多变,产生的载荷影响尚未明确。针对某小口径水下航行体高膛压、高初速冷发射过程,开展发射载荷特性研究,分析航行体发射过程中内弹道阶段、溢出燃气与水相互作用阶段、水锤效应阶段的流场特性与力学特点。基于多相流模型和动网格方法,建立航行体水下高速冷发射过程数值模型,进行气-汽-液多组分数值仿真,对不同时期发射筒的载荷特性及其成因进行分析。研究结果表明:水下航行体高速发射载荷主要来源于内弹道过程与水锤效应,航行体出膛后筒内燃气溢出造成的低压区产生载荷较小;与低膛压、低初速发射工况不同,高膛压发射工况下筒内气体高速大量溢出,水锤效应压力峰值的幅度衰减明显。

关键词: 水下航行体, 水下发射, 载荷特性, 高膛压

Abstract:

The multiphase flow field formed behind a vehicle under high-chamber pressure and high-speed launch in water is complex, and the load effect is not clear yet. The launch load characteristics of a small-caliber underwater vehicle during cold launch under high chamber pressure and high initial velocity were investigated. The flow field and dynamic characteristics during interior ballistics, interaction between overflow gas and water, and hydrodynamic ram effect stage during the launch of the vehicle were analyzed. A numerical model of the high-speed cold launch process of the underwater vehicle was established, while a numerical multicomponent gas-vapor-liquid simulation was performed using a multiphase flow model and a dynamic grid approach. The load characteristics of launcher and their causes in different phases were then analyzed. The results showed that: large impact loads were mainly from the internal ballistic process and the hydrodynamic ramhydrodynamic ram effect, while a relatively small load was from the low-pressure area caused by overflowing gas; more specifically, the hydrodynamic ram hydrodynamic rampeak pressure decreased significantly because the mixed gas spilled out in large quantities under high chamber pressure, which was different from the low chamber-pressure launch condition.

Key words: underwater vehicle, underwater launch, load characteristics, high chamber pressure

刘越, 赵子杰, 戴琪, 王安华, 张辉. 航行体水下高膛压与高速发射载荷特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(4): 1126-1138.

LIU Yue, ZHAO Zijie, DAI Qi, WANG Anhua, ZHANG Hui. Load Characteristics of High Chamber Pressure and High Speed Launch of Underwater Vehicle[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(4): 1126-1138.

图/表 24

图1 航行体水下高速发射模型

Fig.1 Underwater vehicle’s high-speed launch model

图2 计算模型

Fig.2 Calculation model

图3 网格划分

Fig.3 Grid division

图4 边界条件设置

Fig.4 Boundary condition

图5 不同网格数下的内弹道参数曲线

Fig.5 Interior ballistic parameter curves under different grid numbers

图6 试验方案示意图

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of test plan

图7 试验装置

Fig.7 Test devices

图8 内弹道过程曲线

Fig.8 Interior ballistic process curves

图9 内弹道过程压力云图

Fig.9 Pressure nephogram of interior ballistic process

图10 内弹道过程气相体积分数

Fig.10 Gas volume fraction diagram of interior ballistic process

图11 筒口流场气相体积分数

Fig.11 Gas volume fraction diagram of the flow field at the nozzle

图12 筒口截面处气相体积分数变化

Fig.12 Variation of gas volume fraction at nozzle section

图13 筒口流场压力云图

Fig.13 Pressure nephogram diagram of nozzle flow field

图14 燃气溢出过程筒口压力变化

Fig.14 Change of nozzle pressure during gas overflow

图15 水锤效应过程筒底压力变化

Fig.15 Change of cylinder bottom pressure during hydrodynamic ram effect

图16 水锤效应气相体积分数云图

Fig.16 Gas volume fraction under hydrodynamic ram effect

图17 水锤效应压力云图

Fig.17 Pressure nephogram of hydrodynamic ram effect

图18 筒底压力变化

Fig.18 Cylinder bottom pressure

图19 不同发射工况下筒底压力

Fig.19 Cylinder bottom pressure curves under different launch conditions

图20 低膛压发射测点压力随时间变化

Fig.20 Testing point pressure-time curve under low-chamber pressure launch

图21 第1次水锤压力峰值与发射膛压之比

Fig.21 Ratio of the first hydrodynamic ram peak pressure to the chamber pressure

表1 不同发射膛压水锤效应衰减幅度

Table 1 Attenuation amplitude of hydrodynamic ram effect at different bore pressures%

工况	水锤效应序号
工况	1	2	3
典型低膛压	8.9	-25.5	-11.0
23MPa	-14.8	-80.0	-66.7
45MPa	-36.5	-82.3	-88.0
62MPa	-51.0	-88.3	-93.7

图22 筒口截面溢出气体质量分数

Fig.22 Mass fraction of overflowed gas in nozzle section

图23 筒口燃气速度云图

Fig.23 Gas velocity nephogram of nozzle

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