刚性弹体撞击蜂窝结构高过载特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2022.0023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为考核武器关键部件在高过载环境下的可靠性,提出一种基于刚性弹体撞击蜂窝结构的新型高过载环境模拟技术。通过轻气炮弹道实验,研究弹体加速度、速度和位移响应规律及蜂窝结构在冲击过程中的力学行为;比较不同撞击速度条件下,弹体高速撞击蜂窝结构过程中过载响应时间历程的差异。研究结果表明:刚性弹体高速撞击造成的蜂窝结构压溃是高度局部化的力学行为,压溃首先发生在蜂窝结构顶端,并随弹体运动由顶端向底端传播;弹体对蜂窝结构冲击压缩过程可分为初始冲击、稳态压缩、密实压缩3个阶段,可分别对应弹体的加速度、速度、位移曲线中相应的响应特征;初始冲击阶段的速度曲线呈明显的阶梯状下降形态,为应力波在弹体中周期性传播导致;3发实验的初始冲击阶段过载峰值相差不大,稳态区持续时间随弹体撞击速度的增加而减小,密实区过载峰值随弹体撞击速度的增加而增加。

关键词: 刚性弹体, 蜂窝结构, 过载特性, 实验

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the reliability of critical weapon components in high overload environments, a new technology of high overload environment simulation based on the rigid projectile impacting the honeycomb structure was proposed. The acceleration, velocity, displacement response characteristics and dynamic behaviors were studied with the light gas gun experiment. The difference of overload response time histories in the process of the projectile impacting the honeycomb structure under different high impact velocities was analyzed. The results showed that: crushing is a highly localized mechanical behavior, which firstly happened at the top of the honeycomb structure and then spread to the bottom as the projective moved; the compression process of the honeycomb structure subjected to projectile impact can be divided into three stages: initial impact, steady compression and compression to densification, which corresponds to the response characteristics of acceleration, velocity and displacement curves of the projectile; the velocity curve of initial impact stage showed an obvious ladder-shaped decline, resulting from the periodic traveling of stress waves in the projectile; all deceleration curves obtained from the three experiments had a similar peak at the initial stage of each experiment; the lasting time of the steady compression stage decreased with the increase of the initial velocity of the projectile, but the overload peak of the densification stage showed an opposite trend.

Key words: rigid projectile, honeycomb structure, overload characteristics, experiment

魏欣, 张云峰, 赵奇峰, 随亚光, 张德志, 张钱城. 刚性弹体撞击蜂窝结构高过载特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(5): 1321-1329.

WEI Xin, ZHANG Yunfeng, ZHAO Qifeng, SUI Yaguang, ZHANG Dezhi, ZHANG Qiancheng. Overload Characteristics of Rigid Projectile Impacting Honeycomb Structures at High Velocities[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(5): 1321-1329.

图/表 14

图1 弹体、弹载存储器和弹托示意图

Fig.1 Schematic of the projectile, recorder and sabot

图2 弹体及蜂窝结构示意图

Fig.2 Schematic of the projectile and honeycomb structure

图3 实验模型

Fig.3 Experimental model

表1 实验工况

Table 1 Experimental conditions

序号	弹体质量/kg	弹体速度/ (m·s^-1)	蜂窝壁厚/mm	蜂窝单元边长/mm	蜂窝长度/mm
1	8.18	182	0.30	5	400
2	8.38	218	0.30	5	400
3	8.30	246	0.30	5	400

图4 第1发实验蜂窝结构冲击压缩过程(v=182m/s)

Fig.4 Impact compression process of the honeycomb structure in the first experiment (v=182m/s)

图5 第2发实验蜂窝结构冲击压缩过程(v=218m/s)

Fig.5 Impact compression process of the honeycomb structure in the second experiment (v=218m/s)

图6 第3发实验蜂窝结构冲击压缩过程

Fig.6 Impact compression process of the honeycomb structure in the third experiment (v=246m/s)

图7 第1发实验加速度曲线

Fig.7 Acceleration curve of the first experiment

图8 3种工况下的加速度-时间历程曲线

Fig.8 Acceleration-time history curves of the three conditions

图9 3种工况下的滤波加速度-时间历程曲线

Fig.9 Acceleration-time history curves after filtering of the three conditions

表2 实验与理论预测的加速度峰值对比

Table 2 Comparison of experimental peak acceleration and theoretical peak acceleration

序号	弹体速度/ (m·s^-1)	实验加速度峰值/10⁴g	预测加速度峰值/10⁴g	偏差/ %
1	182	-2.10	-2.13	1.4
2	218	-2.19	-2.09	2.3
3	246	-1.93	-2.11	9.3

图10 3种工况下的速度-时间历程曲线

Fig.10 Velocity-time history curves of the three conditions

表3 3发实验的总吸能量和平均加速度

Table 3 Total energy absorption and average acceleration from the three experiments

序号	弹体速度/(m·s^-1)	E_bd/kJ	a_m/10⁴g
1	182	134.0	0.45
2	218	172.9	0.58
3	246	262.4	0.88

图11 3种工况下的位移时间历程曲线

Fig.11 Displacement-time history curves of the three conditions

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