斜盘式轴向柱塞泵伺服变量特性

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0814

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

伺服变量是斜盘式轴向柱塞泵常用的变量方式,将直接影响到泵的整体性能。伺服变量技术原理复杂,目前仍是阻碍我国斜盘式轴向柱塞泵发展的关键技术。针对高压轴向柱塞泵研发试验过程中遇到的变量压力冲击较大、无法完全制动等,深入研究探索不同因素对变量特性的影响。将动态过程分为启动过程、回位过程、制动过程和制动恢复过程,利用系统建模仿真AMEsim软件建立变量机构数值模型,并通过压力曲线试验和仿真结果对比证实模型的有效性。在不同进口阻尼、回油阻尼、回位弹簧刚度条件下,对伺服变量系统进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明:进口和回油阻尼对变量动态过程均产生影响,弹簧刚度主要对制动过程有影响。

关键词: 斜盘式轴向柱塞泵, 伺服变量, 变量特性试验, 影响因素

Abstract:

Servo variable displacement is the most commonly used variable displacement mode for swash plate axial piston pumps and has a direct influence on the pump’s performance. However, its mechanism is complicated, making it still a major obstacle to the development of swash plate axial piston pumps in China. To address challenges in the development and testing of high-pressure axial piston pumps such as high variable pressure shock and inability to brake completely, in-depth research is conducted to understand the impact of different factors on the variable displacement characteristics. The dynamic process is divided into four phases: the starting process, return process, braking process, and braking recovery process. The numerical model of the variable displacement mechanism is established by using AMEsim, and the validity of the model is verified by comparing the pressure curve test and simulation results. The servo variable displacement system is simulated numerically under different conditions of inlet damping, return damping, and return spring stiffness. The results show that both inlet and return damping affect the dynamic process of variable displacement, and the spring stiffness mainly affects the braking process.

Key words: swash plate axial piston pump, servo variable displacement, variable displacement test, influence factors

中图分类号:

TH137.52

杜善霄, 周俊杰, 荆崇波, 张祝, 廖文博. 斜盘式轴向柱塞泵伺服变量特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2023, 44(1): 193-201.

DU Shanxiao, ZHOU Junjie, JING Chongbo, ZHANG Zhu, LIAO Wenbo. Servo Variable Displacement Characteristics of Swash Plate Axial Piston Pump[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2023, 44(1): 193-201.

图/表 22

图1 伺服变量系统工作原理

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the servo variable displacement system

图2 伺服变量系统油路

Fig.2 Oil circuit of the servo variable displacement system

图3 液压泵/马达闭式回路试验平台

Fig.3 Test rig of the hydraulic pump/motor closed-loop circuit

表1 试验平台主要参数

Table 1 Main parameters of the test rig

系统	部件	参数	数值
控制与数据采集系统	电机	功率/kW	1000
		转速/(r·min^-1)	3000
	转速传感器	转速量程/(r·min^-1)	5000
		测量精度/(r·min^-1)	±1
	压力传感器	压力量程/MPa	60
		测量精度	0.5%FS
液压泵/马达系统	液压泵	最大压力/MPa	42
		排量/(mL·r^-1)	75
	马达	排量/(mL·r^-1)	75
		转速/(r·min^-1)	3150

图4 启动和回位过程伺服缸压力变化状态

Fig.4 Servo cylinder pressure change during start-up and return

图5 制动过程伺服缸压力变化状态

Fig.5 Servo cylinder pressure change during braking

图6 变量机构阀组剖面图

Fig.6 Valve group profile of the variable displacement mechanism

图7 伺服缸结构图

Fig.7 Servo cylinder structure

图8 反馈拉杆合力关系

Fig.8 Feedback tie rod force diagram

图9 基于AMEsim的伺服变量系统仿真模型

Fig.9 AMEsim-based simulation model of the servo-variable displacement system

图10 伺服缸压力变化仿真与试验对比

Fig.10 Simulation and test comparison of servo cylinder pressure change

图11 变量活塞位移变化

Fig.11 Change in the displacement of variable piston

图12 启动和回位过程伺服缸压力变化趋势

Fig.12 Trend of servo cylinder pressure change during start-up and return

图13 启动和回位过程变量活塞位移

Fig.13 Displacement of the variable piston during start-up and return

图14 制动过程伺服缸压力变化

Fig.14 Servo cylinder pressure change during braking

图15 制动过程变量活塞位移

Fig.15 Displacement of the variable piston during braking

图16 启动和回位过程伺服缸压力变化

Fig.16 Servo cylinder pressure change during start-up and return

图17 变量活塞位移变化趋势

Fig.17 Change of displacement of variable piston

图18 制动过程伺服缸压力变化趋势图

Fig.18 Trend of servo cylinder pressure change during braking

图19 制动过程变量活塞位移变化

Fig.19 Variable piston displacement change during braking

图20 不同弹簧刚度下伺服缸压力变化

Fig.20 Servo cylinder pressure change with different spring stiffnesses

图21 不同弹簧刚度下变量活塞位移变化

Fig.21 Change of displacement of variable piston with different spring stiffnesses

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