火箭多级筒燃气弹射动力学特性及影响因素

doi:10.12382/bgxb.2021.0316

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高火箭弹射的性能，研究一种新型改进火箭多级筒燃气弹射装置的安全性，对其弹射过程中结构的动力学特性及发射过程中的影响因素进行比较分析。使用有限元方法对该弹射装置的弹射过程进行仿真，将弹射出的火箭位移、速度、俯仰角等结果与实验结果进行对比，验证有限元计算模型的有效性。在有限元模型基础上分析筒节间隙、推力偏心和发射角度对多级筒弹射安全性的影响。分析结果表明：发射角度是弹射安全性的主要影响因素，筒节间隙和推力偏心是次要影响因素，火箭弹射偏转、筒节间相互作用力和横向最大位移增大都是这些因素影响弹射安全性的主要表现；当活塞筒筒节间隙扩大到0.3 mm或发射角度偏转到3°时，会对发射安全性产生较大的威胁。

关键词: 火箭多级筒燃气弹射, 弹射技术, 发射动力学, 有限元

Abstract: The dynamic characteristics of a multistage canister gas ejection structure and the influencing factors during ejection are analyzed to improve the ejection performance of rockets and to study the safety of gas ejection structure. The structural composition，topological relationship and excitation load of the rocket multistage canister ejection system are analyzed，and a finite element model of the ejection system are established for simulation analysis. Through experiments，it is verified that the simulation accuracy of finite element model meets the simulation requirements. The influences of the gap of cylinder section，the thrust eccentricity and the launch angle on the safety of multistage canister gas ejection structure are analyzed based on the finite element model. It's found that the launch angle is the main influencing factor that affects the ejection safety，and the gap between the cylinder sections and the thrust eccentricity have also effect on the ejection safety. he influencing factors lead to the ejection deflection of rocket，the interaction force between the canister sections and the increase in the maximum lateral displacement. When the gap between the canister sections is increased to 0.3 mm or the launch angle is deflected to 3°，a greater threat will be posed to ejection safety.

Key words: rocketmultistagecanistergasejection, ejection, launchdynamics, finiteelement

中图分类号:

TJ762.2

潘霄，姜毅，王勃漫，任烨波. 火箭多级筒燃气弹射动力学特性及影响因素[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(6): 1277-1287.

PAN Xiao， JIANG Yi， WANG Boman， REN Yebo. Dynamics Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Multistage Canister Gas Ejection of Rockets[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(6): 1277-1287.

参考文献

［1］李广裕.MX导弹冷发射技术[J].国外导弹与航天运载器，1987(7): 65-69.
LI G Y.MX missile cold launch technology[J].Foreign Missiles and Space Vehicles，1987(7):65-69.(in Chinese)
[2] 李广裕.战略导弹弹射技术的发展[J].国外导弹与航天运载器，1990(7):38-49.
LI G Y.Development of strategic missile ejection technology[J].Foreign Missiles and Space Vehicles，1990(7):38-49. (in Chinese)
[3] 周子林.战略导弹的冷发射技术[J].国外导弹与宇航，1980(10): 3-11.
ZHOU Z L.Cold launch technology of strategic Missile[J]. Foreign Missiles and Astronautics，1980(10): 3-11. (in Chinese)
[4] 尚书聪，孙建中，秦丽萍.潜载导弹水下发射出筒横向动力学特性研究[J].振动与冲击，2012，31(23): 82-86.
SHANG S C，SUN J Z，QIN L P.Lateral dynamic behavior of a underwater missile launched out its launch tube[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock，2012，31(23): 82-86. (in Chinese)
[5] 白鹏英，乔军.双级气缸式弹射装置内弹道分析[J].现代防御技术，2007，35(4): 44-49.
BAI P Y，QIAO J.Analysis about interior trajectory of two-step cylinder ejection device[J].Modern Defence Technology，2007，35(4): 44-49. (in Chinese)
[6] 宋健，宋向华，蔡蒨，等.火箭弹自力弹射低压室流场特性数值分析[J].固体火箭技术，2021(6):839-849.
SONG J，SONG X H，CAI Q，et al.Numerical analysis of the wake field characteristics in rocket self-ejection low pressure chamber[J].Solid Rocket Technology，2021(6):839-849.(in Chinese)
[7] 黄永刚，王素玉，王家素，等.高温超导磁悬浮冷发射装置供电控制系统的设计[J].低温与超导，2007，35(2): 121-124.
HUANG Y G，WANG S Y，WANG J S，et al.The power supply control system design of high temperature superconducting maglev launch system[J].Cryogenics and Superconductivity，2007，35(2): 121-124. (in Chinese)
[8] 唐垚，王世超，侯振乾，等. 多级活塞缸式裸弹燃气弹射装置和方法:CN110986675A[P].2020-04-10.
TANG Y，WANG S C，HOU Z Q， et al. Multi-stage piston-cylinder type bare bomb gas ejection device and method:CN110986675A [P].2020-04-10. (in Chinese)
[9] 姚琳，马大为，任杰，等.无杆式气缸弹射装置内弹道仿真与优化设计[J].振动与冲击，2017，36(6): 122-127.
YAO L，MA D W，REN J，et al.Internal ballistic simulation on and an improving of rodless cylinder cold launch device[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock，2017，36(6):122-127. (in Chinese)
[10] 赵克转，张高峰.导弹冷弹射过程建模及动力学仿真研究[J].弹箭与制导学报，2012，32(4):45-48.
ZHAO K Z，ZHANG G F.Modeling and dynamics simulation study on missile cold ejection process[J].Journal of Projectiles，Rockets，Rockets， and Guidance，2012，32(4):45-48. (in Chinese)
[11] 申鹏，吴新跃，安晨亮.基于能量调节动力系统的变深度冷发射技术[J].导弹与航天运载技术，2016(2): 72-76.
SHEN P，WU X Y，AN C L.Research on the variable-depth cold launch technology based on the energetic regulating power system[J].Missile and Space Launch Technology，2016(2): 72-76. (in Chinese)
[12] 谢磊，高钦和，邵亚军.压缩空气弹射内弹道影响因素作用规律研究[J].火力与指挥控制，2019，44(3):116-119.
XIE L，GAO Q H，SHAO Y J.Analsis of factors to compressed air ejection interior ballistic based on FLUENT[J]. Fire Control and Command Control，2019，44(3):116-119. (in Chinese)
[13] 李海军，胡卫强，姜涛，等.基于EHA 蓄能的高效冷弹发射实验系统研制[J].实验技术与管理，2017，34(增刊1): 70-77.
LI H J，HU W Q，JIANG T，et al.Development on experimental system of high-efficient cold launching based on EHA energy storage[J].Experimental Technology and Management，2017，34(S1): 70-77. (in Chinese)
[14] 李军，胡亚，丛龙腾，等.能量因素对压缩空气弹射内弹道性能影响研究[J].航空兵器，2019(3): 71-74.
LI J，HU Y，CONG L T，et al. Study on the influence of energy factors on the interiorl ballistic performance of compressed air ejection[J].Aero Weaponry，2019(3): 71-74. (in Chinese)
[15] 任锐，马大为，姚琳，等.多级气动液压弹射装置建模及性能研究[J].兵工学报，2016，37(8):1365-1372.
REN R，MA D W，YAO L，et al.Theoretical modeling and performance research on multi-stage pneumatic hydraulic catapult device[J].Acta Armamentarii，2016，37(8):1365-1372. (in Chinese)
[16] 程洪杰，赵谢，赵媛，等.导流锥结构参数对燃气弹射筒内压力冲击平滑效果影响研究[J]. 推进技术，2019，40(11): 2444-2453.
CHENG H J，ZHAO X，ZHAO Y，et al. Influence of structure parameters of diversion cone on smooth effect of gas ejection bottom pressure impact[J].Propulsion Technology，2019，40(11): 2444-2453. (in Chinese)
[17] 付文娟，曾庆轩，李明愉.一种燃气发生器的变推力设计与仿真[J].火箭推进，2019，45(6):38-44.
FU W J，ZENG Q X，LI M Y. Variable thrust design and simulation of a gas generator[J].Rocket Propulsion，2019，45(6): 38-44. (in Chinese)
[18] 林阳.某冷发射装置动力学试验平台系统设计与分析研究[D].南京:南京理工大学，2015.
LIN Y.System design and analysis of a dynamic test platform for a cold launch device[D].Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology，2015. (in Chinese)
[19] 颜凤，史少岩，姜毅.燃气蒸汽式弹射内弹道研究[J]. 舰船科学技术，2017，39(3): 118-122.
YAN F，SHI S Y，JIANG Y.Research on interior ballistics of gas-steam ejection[J].Ship Science and Technology，2017，39(3):118-122. (in Chinese)
[20] 胡晓磊，李仁凤，谢能刚，等.含水室燃气-蒸汽弹射动力装置汽化机理研究[J].固体火箭技术，2018，41(6):792-798.
HU X L，LI R F，XIE N G，et al.Study on vaporization mechanism of gas-steam ejection equipment containing water chamber[J].Solid Rocket Technology，2018，41(6):792-798. (in Chinese)
[21] 李仁凤，陈帅，胡晓磊，等.两级喷管喉径比对燃气蒸汽弹射参数的影响[J].航空动力学报，2019，34(11):2458-2465.
LI R F，CHEN S，HU X L，et al.Influence of throat-diameter ratio of two-stage nozzle on gas-steam ejection parameters[J].Journal of Aerospace Power，2019，34(11):2458-2465. (in Chinese)
[22] 唐垚，姜毅，王成德，等.多级活塞缸式燃气弹射内弹道的研究[J].固体火箭技术，2018，41(4): 524-531.
TANG Y，JIANG Y，WANG C D，et al.Research on the internal trajectory of multi-stage piston cylinder gas ejection[J]. Solid Rocket Technology，2018，41(4): 524-531.(in Chinese)
[23] 蒋瑞岗.导弹的弹射与燃气发生器设计[J].现代防御技术，1998(3): 9-16.
JIANG R G.Missile ejection and gas generator design[J].Modern Defence Technology，1998(3): 9-16. (in Chinese)

[1]	王雷，李毅，马智慧. 基于Mooney-Rivlin模型的车辆环形橡胶减震器径向刚度计算与参数优化[J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(S1): 35-45.
[2]	程申申，陶如意，王浩，薛绍，林庆育. 弹丸不同结构尼龙弹带挤进过程的阻力特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(9): 1847-1857.
[3]	王超，王文龙，孙芹东，孙文祺. 同振式矢量水听器耐压球壳优化设计[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(8): 1744-1752.
[4]	邹利波，于存贵，冯广斌，侯保林，仲建林，刘宪福. 基于温度修正的弹丸挤进身管过程摩擦模型[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(6): 1148-1156.
[5]	丁树奎，王良明，杨志伟，丁旭冉. 远程火炮弹丸起始扰动的动力学特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(4): 673-683.
[6]	荣吉利，宋逸博，王玺，郭振，项大林，吴志培. 核爆炸对地冲击作用下土体运动特性等效模拟[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(1): 56-64.
[7]	李志农, 曾文钧, 闻庆松, 沈功田, 沈永娜. 静载拉伸和低周疲劳下Q235钢磁声发射特性[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(1): 185-191.
[8]	林庆华，栗保明. 基于瞬态多物理场求解器的电磁轨道炮发射过程建模与仿真[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(9): 1697-1707.
[9]	张成，柳朝阳，顾克秋. 超轻型火炮后大架缓冲机理及特性优化[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(9): 1752-1761.
[10]	赵建华，应宇辰，郭成豹. 柴油机磁场的计算、试验与消磁优化[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(2): 350-355.
[11]	田彤辉，袁杰红，王青文，关振群，陈柏生. 异常荷载下导弹（火箭）级间连接结构失效分析[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(2): 388-397.
[12]	孙潘，李斌，温金鹏，张晓光. 水下无人航行器折叠气囊充气展开特性模拟研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(12): 2540-2549.
[13]	徐卫潘，曾海洋，蒋超，寇西征，臧孟炎. 越野车轮胎卵石路面牵引性能有限元与离散元耦合仿真及试验验证[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(9): 1961-1968.
[14]	彭泽宇，颜培. 低温切削奥氏体304不锈钢残余应力研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(6): 1271-1276.
[15]	沈超，周克栋，陆野，乔自平. 内膛损伤枪管对内弹道性能和弹头出膛状态的影响研究[J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(4): 718-727.