Table of Content

31 December 2004, Volume 25 Issue 6

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Paper

Self-Adaptable Control Strategy of the Clutch in the Starting Phase for the Automated Mechanical Transmission of Vehicles

Xi Junqiang, Chen Huiyan, Ding Huarong

2004, 25(6):  657-661.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.001

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Automated mechanical transmission (AMT) was formed by combining the automatic shift control system (ASCS) with the traditional fixed axis mechanical transmission. The crucial component in an ASCb is the clutch control, which is the key element in realizing the automatic control of an AMT. This paper proposed an optimal clutching strategy, which takes the input axis rotation speed increment as the control target, the difference in rotation speed between the engine and the clutch input axis as the input ref?erence. The strategy takes the clutch drive mechanism as the direct control object and makes possible the realization of self-adaptable control of clutch in ASCS. On-vehicle tests prove the validity and rationality of the clutch self-adaptable control strategy.

Modeling and Restraint of Braking Noise of Wet Multidisk Brakes

Zhao Wenqing

2004, 25(6):  662-665.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.002

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Braking noise generally is related to the characteristics of inction material and its structural shape，whereas the mechanism of braking noise from wet multidisk brakes is related to the vibration charac?teristics of its frictional media. In order to suppress and eliminate the noise of braking from wet multidisk brakes, mathematical model of braking noise is established when a vehicle is braked. Expressions for brak?ing noise on wet multidisk brakes are deduced by means of modal analysis. The mechanism of braking noise is studied, and the main factors oi influence found out on the basis of research and experiment. Concrete measures for the prevention or suppression of brake noise are put forward.

Study of Metal-Rubber Component Applicated in the Breechblock Rod of Certain Self-Propellant Artillery Gun

Li Yuming, Zheng Jian, Bai Hongbai, Peng Wei

2004, 25(6):  666-668.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.003

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The fine damping performance of metal-rubber components was elaborated. By the example of metal-rubber component taking the place of rubber in the breechblock rod of certain self-propellant artillery gun energy consumption and damping mechanism can be concluded. By contrasting experiments done on metal-rubber buffer and ordinary rubber buffer, it is verified that the metal-rubber buffer is much superior than ordinary rubber buffer.

A Measuring System for Artillery Static Direction Angles

Wang Chunyan, Wang Zhijian

2004, 25(6):  669-671.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.004

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A measuring system for artillery’s static directional precision using a photoelectrical theodolite was brought forward in this paper. An integrated test system was used to measure the artillery5 s azimuth and altitude angles. A precision higher than 0. lmil was obtained. Factors causing errors in measuring were analyzed, e.g. inclination in the artillery’s perpendicular axis, trunnion axis out of vertical to the perpen?dicular axis or artillery s axis out of vertical to the perpendicular axis, and the relevant expressions were given. They are useful in guiding the production of the artillery equipment.

Calculational Methods of Reinforced Concrete Slabs to Low Velocity Impact

Wang Mingyang, Song Chunming, Wang Derong,Pan Yuefeng

2004, 25(6):  672-678.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.005

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Characteristics of reinforced concrete slabs to low velocity impact depend mainly on the veloci?ty of projectile and the ratio of diameter of contact zone to the thickness of structures. The method of evalu?ation was given for the local deformation of reinforced concrete slabs to low velocity impact，and the elasto- plastic method was presented for the total deformation neglecting the process before cracking and taking both processes into account before and after yielding of the reinforcing bar.

Dynamic Analysis on the Extrusion and Rupture of Propellants

Rui Xiaoting, Liu Jun, Chen Tao,Yun Laifeng

2004, 25(6):  679-683.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.006

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The mechanism of propellants fracture is the key in the study of launching safety in the course of their movements. Numerical simulation has been used to identify the mechanism. The behaviors of pro?pellant particles under impact load have been simulated using finite element software in the case of static and impact load respectively. T. he results show that there are 2 basic rupture modes in the course of movement of propellant particles： volumetric rupture and contact rupture. The principle of fracture has been simulated for propellant particles under different loading modes. Then the size distribution of fragments was analyzed, and the relation between fragment sizes and loading amplitudes under different loading modes was obtained. The results can provide basic information in the research of launching safety.

A Study on the Anti-Jamming and Jamming of Pseudo-Random Code Phase Modulation Fuze

Huang Guangming, Zhao Huichang

2004, 25(6):  684-688.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.007

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Tlie working principle of pseuao-random code phase modulation fuze was described. The anti?jamming ability was then analysed from resisting the error bit and jamming signal which use the same period m sequence. The relationship among threshold, period and the number of error bit was given, and it is pointed out that this kind of fuze has a good performance in resisting jamming signals that use the same pe?riod m sequence. Ine jamming effectiveness was finally analysed based on the simulated echo’s jamming signal, and the error bound was given in the presence of bit width error.

Infrared Image Guidance Information Processing for the Endgame

1:Wang Hongbo ,Zhuang Zhihong ,Zhang Qingtai,He Xin;2:Zheng HuaLi

2004, 25(6):  689-693.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.008

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When the image of target fills full in the field of view, the ability of tracking point selection and continuable tracking is very important in a fourth-generation advanced air-to-air missile. The proccss of image tracking for the endgame was first analyzed, then a model of perspective projection for the imaging detector was provided. The rule of change of target image in the endgame was studied, and the effect of missile-target distance and relative velocity on aircraft imaging was analyzed. The switching from centroid tracking to partial tracking was studied, and a partical image tracking algorithm that can benefit in decreas?ing the blind area and improving the burst control precision was proposed. This algorithm fixes the tracking point for partial image tracking through the recognition of aircraft nose cone，and realizes the optimal burst control. Finally, some experiments were carried out with real infrared image of aircraft. The experimental results show that the algorithm provided in this paper is feasible and effective.

Calculation of Laser Radar Cross Section for Direct Reflection Targets

Gao Wei

2004, 25(6):  694-696.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.009

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The laser radar cross section (LRCS) for a target is generally calculated by integrating the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the material over the target surface illuminated by the incident laser. However, this is not feasible for direct reflection targets since the target surface is not just the surface from whicn the laser is scattered. The paper is devoted to a study on the method for calcu-lating laser radar cross sections for direct reflection targets, where most of the incident laser is scattered backwards into a very small solid angle. A simple method for calculating the laser radar cross sections was proposed, in wmch the laser radar cross section is calculated with the effective area ot the laser- illuminated target surface, the divergent angle of the scattered laser beam and the reflection ratio of the target. It is ap-plied to the optical comer reflector and “cat-eye” target respectively, with formulas for estimating their laser radar cross sections derived. Using the formulas, the laser radar cross sections for two real direct re-flection targets are calculated. The calculation results, which are consistent with the measurements quanti- tatively，show that the method proposed is feasible for direct reflection targets.

Converted Position Measurements and Asymptotical Behavior Analysis of Kalman Filter

1:Wang Jianguo, Han Yueqiu, He Peikun;2:Liu Xianxing

2004, 25(6):  697-701.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.010

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An asymptotic behavior analysis of the converted measurement Kalman tilter for a coordinate- uncoupled dynamic model was presented in this paper. Based on the eigenvalue decomposition of the con?verted measurement error covariance matrix, asymptotic behavior was given about the converted position measurement error. As an incidental result of the analysis, a new sequential filtering approach was also pro-vided. The concept of quasi-uniform complete observability was proposed and then used to analyze the co?variance bounds and bias property of the filter. The analysis indicates that divergence of the filter is poten?tial and even inevitable, especially when the target heads are away from the sensor at a high speed. The reason is that the system is quasi-uniformly and completely observable instead of uniformly and completely observable. Finally, different Monte Carlo simulations verify the above analytical results.

Simulation for Television Signal and Analysis for Its Ambiguity Function

Guo Qiang, Tao Ran, Wang Yue, Zhou Siyong， Shan Tao

2004, 25(6):  702-707.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.011

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The passive bistatic (multistatic) detection system based on television signal is a primary style of extraneous radiator detection. But, it is hard to find a proper means of expression as the randomicity and complexity of television picture signal. On the basis of analysis and colligation for the characteristics of tele?vision signal, a simulated black-and-white whole television signal is produced using the rectangular signals with different amplitude, duration, frequency and phase in the paper. After the signal is processed through a low-pass filter, a very realistic waveform is obtained which can show pulsed nature, frequency, amplitude and bandwidth of television picture signals. The signal ensures the variety of television picture signal as well as the correlatability of the signals in adjacent line periods. In view of comparison with the analysis for the ambiguity function and resolution of the simulated signal and real picture signal, the results basically accord with the theoretical analysis for the simulated signal. Thus, it allows the study of extraneous radiator detec?tion based on television signal to take an important step forward to its actual application.

Supervision for Military Electronic Information System Based on Dynamic Agent Groups

1:Li Hang, Wang Guangxing;2:Pan Chengsheng

2004, 25(6):  708-711.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.012

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As a trend，military electronic information system is transforming from platform-centered to network-centered. To meet the requirements of flat network and information grid, technologies about net?work management and distributed algorithms were implemented for C4ISR Supervision. From the point of view of management, a mechanism based on dynamic agent groups was presented in this paper. An expla?nation on how to define the model was discussed. Dynamic groups management policy in the model was dis?cussed specifically, including the grouping policy and choice of management mode, and an efficient algo?rithm for group leader election was given. To solve the frequent fault of a military system, the leader elec- tion algorithm tolerates crashed agents and lossy links. A common structure for agent entities was suggested as well.

An Analysis on the Sideband and Carrier Leakage and Optimization of Direct Quadrature Up-Converter

1：Cao Peng；2：Fei Yuanchun

2004, 25(6):  712-715.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.013

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This paper analyzed the issues about the sideband and local oscillator leakage of a direct quadrature conversion transmitter, educed the quantitative relationship of the amplitude and phase imbal?ance in the modulation signal as well as local oscillator signal and the sideband and local oscillator leakage, and simulated it. The paper also introduced several practical measures for the direct quadrature converter optimization, and demonstrated the experimental results based on the state-of-the-arts direct quadrature modulator.

A New Method of Extracting Angular Error Signals for Coordinator under the Function of MMW Step Frequency Target Identification

1:Yang Jun;2:Xia Qunli, Qi Zaikang

2004, 25(6):  716-719.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.014

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This paper studied the extraction of the pitch and yaw angular errors of the line-of-sight to seeker-axis under the function of MMW step frequency target identification. Principle of projection, with which the angular er- rors are extracted was studied and analyzed in some detail. Also, simulation results were given out and experimental?ly verified. The results show that by means of the principle proposed, besides the fulfillment of the MMW step fre?quency target identification, the angular error signals of target can be successfully extracted as well.

A Study on Coplanar Problems of Composites Having Multiple Elliptical Rigid Inclusions

1：Yang Banquan,Xue Mengjun,Chen Wei,Zhang Yuchun;2：Liu Youwen

2004, 25(6):  720-725.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.015

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A model of composite materials consisting of a continuous matrix with multiple elliptical rigid inclusions was considered. The problem of interfacial stress maxima varying with shape oi inclusions was solved accurately. Using the conformai mapping technique integrated with the Laurent expansion method and coordinate transformation, complex stress functions that represent the interaction of elliptical rigid in-clusions arbitrarily distributed in the isotropic elastic matrix are constructed, and boundary conditions of ev-ery inclusion are satisfied. By circulation integrals, boundary equations are transformed into linear algebraic equations. Under the uniform tensile load at infinity, interfacial stress formulas, with numerical results and graphs, showing interfacial stress maxima varying with the shape oi inclusions, were obtained. A compari-son was made with other numerical results to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model and accura-cy of the solutions.

Application of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method in the Cost Estimation of Weapon Equipment Development

1:Guo Jianhua;2:Bai Hua, Jiang Yixun;3:Wei Jianyi

2004, 25(6):  726-729.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.016

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There exist a number of factors that affect the cost in weapon development, including many unquantifiaole objective factors, subjective factors and unforeknowable factors. Depending on technical tar?gets alone it is difficult to reflect fully the actual demand on the cost of weapon development. According to the theory of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the characteristics of weapon development，a model of de?velopment cost estimation was built up. Due to the complexity in the estimation of costs, the factors affect?ing weapon developement costs are firstly analyzed qualitatively and then the factors are divided into three levels on wmch the process of estimation is based on. Examples show that the model can provide a reason?able method to estimate the cost of development.

Nucleation and Growth of Voids in Ductile Materials under High Pressure Dynamic Loading

1:Zhang Fengguo,Qin Chengsen,Li Yong;2:Cui Yaping

2004, 25(6):  730-733.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.017

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Nucleation and growth of voids in ductile materials subject to nigh pressure dynamic loading are important topics in the analysis of metallic damage in the mesoscale level. In tins paper, the growth and nucleation of voids in elastic and plastic regions were analyzed by means of JC empirical equation. An equa?tion of void growth was given and a formula of threshold stress for void nucleation under slow loading was derived. The computation threshold value is in agreement with experimental result.

Calculation and Error Analysis for the Parameters of Millimeter-Wave Absorbers

1:Nie Jianying;2:Li Xingguo, Lou Guowei

2004, 25(6):  734-737.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.018

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In view of coating-stealth, a method was provided to study the radiative characters of anti coating-stealth armoured objects with the passive millimeter wave radiometer technology. Formulas were presented to calculate the main parameters (reflective coefficient p and the radiative coefficient e) of the millimeter-wave absorbers. Errors in e were analyzed at last, rhe method expands the applications of the millimeter wave radiometer technology and has important practicable significance for studies in anti coating- stealth objects.

Compound Hedging Method Considering Transaction Costs and Its Application in Weapon Purchase

1:Tang Yudong, Hao Jun;2:Wu Junji, Xu Junji,Xu Cheng,Zou Yun

2004, 25(6):  738-740.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.019

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Exchange rate risks often occur in the process of weapon purchase. The general method to avoid exchange rate risks is through buying foreign exchange in future for hedging. The hedging strategy was studied. Based on the Markowitz capital combination theory, a compound hedging method considering transaction costs was proposed and the corresponding mathematical model was presented. Minimum-vari- ance hedging ratio thus was obtained. Results of a weapon purchase example show that the new hedging method can turn out better hedging ratios than the traditional hedging method and compound hedging method, taking no account of transaction costs.

Geometric Model of the Ultra-Precision Grinding of Large Optical Aspheric Surfaces

Han Chengshun, Dong Shen, Tang Yuyong

2004, 25(6):  741-745.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.020

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Optical components of large sized aspheric surface have gained significant importance and in?dispensability because of their desirable properties. However, efficient and economical manufacturing tech?niques are still critical problems to meet the demand for precision and quantity. Traditionally 2-axis NC ma?chine was used to manufacture axisymmetric aspheric surface. If a code disc offering accurate readings of the rotation angle is installed on the spindle, non-axisymmetric aspheric surfaces can be processed on it by em?ploying a diamond wheel. The corresponding geometric models for two kind of aspheric surfaces were pre-sented based on curvature analysis. By computer simulation it is verified that the machining approach can be made simple and reliable. According to geometric models the production efficiency can be improved and the equipment input can be reduced so that 3-D machining can be achieved by reforming a 2-axis machine.

Coratnensuration for the Evaluation Index Value

1:Zhang Jian;2:Thang Dezhi, Wu Yubin ,Shu Qilin,Hao Yongping

2004, 25(6):  746-751.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.021

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This paper brought forward the path and method for setting up the attributes to a function in the evaluation index from discrete observations based on normalizing. Attributes to the function for the case of fuze tolerance grades have been taken as examples. The mechanism of handling all the types toward stan?dardization and dimension lessness was analysed with the specific properties of 4 types of evaluation index values. Common formulas for commesuration in handling the index values were set up. Eigenvalue of the common formulas and their physical meaning were discussed. Typical examples have been shown.

A Study on the Improvement of Machining System Stability by Applying Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration Cutting

1:Ma Chunxiang;2:E.Shamoto;3: T.Moriwaki

2004, 25(6):  752-756.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.022

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Machining system stability is one of the important problems in the machining process. It in?fluences the machining quality, its productivity, the tool life and the life of the machine tool. Stability of the machining system becomes more significant in precision and ultra-precision machining of workpieces of weak rigidity. Based on the principle of ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting, a dynamic thrust cutting force in ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting was analyzed, and the force model with positive and negative pulsa?tion was proposed. From the machining dynamics, influence of elliptical vibration cutting on the machining system stability was analyzed. Finally, It is verified experimentally that the ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting can improve the machining system stability.

Short Papers

A Study on Parameters of A Deformable Directional Warhead

1:Chen Fang;2: Ma Xiaoqing, Wang Peng

2004, 25(6):  757-760.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.023

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A model for analysing the dynamic response of the deformation of Ae cylindrical case was es?tablished using the principle of minimum acceleration. On the basis of the model, the best structure of the deformed warhead was designed. Ihe theoretical results are found to agree well with the experimental re?sults.

Localization Accuracy of Bistatic WLS Algorithms

1:Zhang Xiaofeng, Zhao Junwei;2:Wang Rongqing, Han Jing

2004, 25(6):  761-765.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.024

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Weighted least squares (WLS) localization algorithm for bistatic sonar was proposed by fusing the data of transmitter and receiver. The localization principle and error of the algorithm were given. Through numerical simulation, the effects of the system parameters on localization accuracy were investigat?ed. Geometrical dilution of precision (GDOP) was given. Also, the localization of WLS algorithm was compared with the TOL (time-only-localization) method as to their accuracy. The simulation results show that the WLS algorithm, taking full advantage of the system information, has higher localization accuracy than the TOL method. The study gives a theoretical basis for multistatic detection, localization and track?ing.

Experimental Techniques and Analysis

An Experimental Study about the Influence of Ventilated Headforms on the Drag Characters of a Super Cavitation Axisymmetric Body

Gu Jiannong, Zhang Zhihong, Gao Yongqi ,Zheng Xueling

2004, 25(6):  766-769.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.025

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An experiment was carried out in a high speed water tunnel to investigate the influence of ven?tilated cavity on the cavity characters of different headforms and the drag of slender bodies. It investigated the ventilated cavity’s geometrical characters and the drag characters of three typical headforms at different ventilated number and analyzed the influence of ventilated number on the cavity，s characters and the drag of slender bodies. Experimental results snow that the cavityJ s length, thickness and angle of the ventilated model increase with the ventilated quantity. The shape of cavity produced by ventilating from the head of model is stable and the cavity can overlay the model. The cavity produced by ventilating can reduce the drag in some special models.

Fracture and Damage Behaviour of Tungsten Alloy of 93W and 98W under Explosive Loading

Wang Yingchun ,Wang Fuchi, Li Shukui

2004, 25(6):  770-772.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.026

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The fragment mass, amount distribution and penetrating behaviour of 93W and 98W under explosive loading were investigated. The mass of 93W fragments ranged from 0. Ig to 3. Og. The mass and shape of 93W fragments are not well-distributed, but those of 98W are. The mass of 98W fragments has a concentrated distribution from 0. Ig to 0. 5g and over 98% of the fragment shapes are close to isoaxial. Failures at the tungsten-matrix interface are main on fragments of 93W. However, 98W fragments had a large proportion of transgranular cleavage.

Research Notes

Analysis of Local Effects on Steel-Backed Concrete Composite Structures under Blast Loading

Liu Jinchun, Fang Qin, Zhang Yadong ,Zhao Xiaobing

2004, 25(6):  773-776.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.027

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Backing steel plates anchored to the inside face of concrete structures was widely introduced to harden military engineering structures to improve their anti-scabbing capacity. However, the local damage mechanism of the steel-backed concrete composite structures under blast loading is not well known. This paper analyzed the stress change in concrete with and without steel spall plate contrastively utilizing the for?mer layer wave model. Also, the anti-scabbing damage mechanism of the concrete steel composite struc?tures under explosive attack was studied, emphasizing on the effects of steel spall plate. The local behaviour and failure modes of composite structures were analyzed to provide theoretical guidance for engineering de-sign.

Analysis on Energy Dissipation of Thin Metallic Plates Struck by Rigid Sharp-Nosed Projectiles

Jiang Zhigang, Zeng Shouyi, Zhou Jianping

2004, 25(6):  777-781.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.028

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Failure by petalling occurs when thin metallic plates are hit at normal incidence by cylindro- conical or ogive-nosed projectiles. A simplified energy absorption model for petalling failure of thin metallic plates was proposed based on a survey of ballistic tests and investigation of analytical models. A new empiri?cal formula to predict the critical impact energy of thin metallic plates was obtained according to the pro?posed energy absorption model and ballistic test data from references. The new empirical formula is in good agreement with ballistic test data from references.

Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Range Profile Compensation of Fast-Moving Targets Using Discrete Match Fourier Transform

1:Liu Aifang;2:Zhu Xiaohua ,Lu Jinhui,Liu Zhong

2004, 25(6):  782-785.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.029

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Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) echo signal model of fast-moving targets was analyzed and the impact oi iast-moving character on the ISAR signal processing was discussed. The analysis indicates that the fast-moving character results in ID range profile aberration and 2D image blurring. To resolve this problem, an effective algorithm based on discrete match Fourier transform (DMFT) was proposed for fast- moving target range profile compensation. In this algorithm, the spectrum envelope entropy minimizing cri-terion is applied for chirp rate estimation to overcome the difficulty of parameter estimation under the ampli?tude maximum criterion. The simulation results show that the algorithm of the rang profile compensation is effective.

Simulation in the Reduction of Rocket Consumption in Multiple Launch Rocket System Tests

1：Wang Guoping, Rui Xiaoting, Lu Yuqi;2:Cheng Weidong;3:Yun Laifeng

2004, 25(6):  786-789.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2004.06.030

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The theory of launch and flight dynamics in multiple launch rocket system (MLRs) is studied in some depth. Random integer programming is used and the simulation system in the reduction of rocket consumption in MLRS tests was developed. 7 tubes firing dispersion test scheme for a 40 tubes MLRS was presented using this simulation system. Lsmg the new scheme, rocket consumption is decreased by 82.5% . The scheme was strictly and directly verified by simulation results and contrastive firing tests. I tubes firing dispersion test scheme can be used to substitute for 40 tubes scheme in dispersion tests. Simula?tion in the reduction of rocket consumption in MLRS tests was further validated by oractical Iirmg tests.